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import requests
result = requests.get('https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump')
type(result)
requests.models.Response
result.text
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minerva--history-page-action-enabled">\n<div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>\n<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>\n<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">\n\t<a id="top"></a>\n\t<div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>\n\t<div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content">\n\t<div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected due to vandalism"><img alt="Page extended-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div>\n\t</div>\n\t<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Donald Trump</h1>\n\t<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">\n\t\t<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>\n\t\t<div id="contentSub"></div>\n\t\t<div id="contentSub2"></div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id="jump-to-nav"></div>\n\t\t<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a>\n\t\t<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a>\n\t\t<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Donald Trump (disambiguation)">Donald Trump (disambiguation)</a>.</div>\n<p class="mw-empty-elt">\n</p>\n<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">45th president of the United States</div>\n<p class="mw-empty-elt">\n\n</p>\n<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">Donald Trump</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" class="image" title="Official White House portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie."><img alt="Official White House portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2850" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">45th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 20, 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">\n</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Donald John Trump</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-06-14</span>) </span>June 14, 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 74)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td><div class="plainlist">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (until 1987, 2001–2009)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> (1999–2001)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2011–2012)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div class="plainlist">\n<ul><li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a><br />(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="April 7, 1977" class="rt-commentedText">1977</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span title="March 22, 1992" class="rt-commentedText">1992</span>)</div></li>\n<li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a><br />(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="December 20, 1993" class="rt-commentedText">1993</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span title="June 8, 1999" class="rt-commentedText">1999</span>)</div></li>\n<li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Melania_Knauss" class="mw-redirect" title="Melania Knauss">Melania Knauss</a> (<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span title="January 22, 2005" class="rt-commentedText">2005</span>)</div></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Children</th><td><div class="hlist hlist-separated">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Parents</th><td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Anne MacLeod">Mary Anne MacLeod</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Relatives</th><td><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family of Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Residence</th><td class="label"><div class="plainlist">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (official)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> (personal)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Full list</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/The_Wharton_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wharton School">The Wharton School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Econ.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Net worth</th><td>US$2.1 billion (April 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Signature</th><td><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Signature.svg" class="image" title="Donald Trump's signature"><img alt="Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/128px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="59" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/192px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/256px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="126" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><div class="plainlist">\n<ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donaldjtrump.com">Official website</a></span></li>\n<li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump">White House website</a></span></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr>\n<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="103" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="2096" /></a></td>\n<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><div style="font-size:85%; line-height:normal;"><span style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: #FFF">Donald Trump</span></a></span></span></td>\n</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em;">\n<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States"><span style="color:#000">President of the United States</span></a></div>\n<div style="color:#71531C;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Incumbent</div>\n</div>\n<hr />\n<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></div>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">pardons</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>North Korea summits\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li>\n<li>Shutdowns\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">Jan 2018</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">Lawsuits</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Social media</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity</a></li>\n<li>Killings\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">al-Baghdadi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Soleimani</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li></ul>\n<hr />\n<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a></div>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Federal judges</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Executive_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Executive appointments by Donald Trump">Executives</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n<hr />\n<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></div>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Palestine peace plan</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">migrant detentions</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">troop deployments</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">national emergency</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space</a></li></ul>\n<hr />\n<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></div>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">Early efforts</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Inquiry and hearings</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Senate trial</a></li></ul>\n<hr />\n<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">election</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">people</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">sexual misconduct allegations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> tape</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies" title="List of post-election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></div>\n<hr />\n<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Controversies involving Russia</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects in Russia</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Election interference</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">timeline</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Topical_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Topical timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">topics</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Associates\' links with Russian officials</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosure</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">charges</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></div>\n<hr />\n<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Business and personal</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)"><i>The Apprentice</i></a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">Filmography</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">Eponyms</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump">SNL parodies</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a></li></ul>\n</div></div>\n<hr />\n<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></td>\n</tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;text-align:center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump_series" title="Template:Donald Trump series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump_series" title="Template talk:Donald Trump series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Donald_Trump_series&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>\n<p><b>Donald John Trump</b> (born June 14, 1946) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Presidents" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">current president</a> of the United States. Before entering politics, he <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">was a businessman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">television personality</a>.\n</p><p>Trump was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, a borough of New York City, and received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor\'s degree</a> in economics from the <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</a>. He took charge of his family\'s real-estate business in 1971, renamed it <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>, and expanded its operations from Queens and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> into <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Other_ventures_and_investments" title="The Trump Organization">various side ventures</a>, mostly by licensing his name. He bought the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> brand of <a href="/wiki/Beauty_pageant" title="Beauty pageant">beauty pageants</a> in 1996, and sold it in 2015. He produced and hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> series, from 2003 to 2015. As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> estimated his net worth to be $2.1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup>\n</p><p><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Trump\'s political positions</a> have been described as <a href="/wiki/Populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Populist">populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protectionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>. He entered the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential race</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and was elected in a surprise victory over <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, although he lost the popular vote.<sup id="cite_ref-electoral-college_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electoral-college-2">[b]</a></sup> He became <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">the oldest</a> first-term <a href="/wiki/U.S._president" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. president">U.S. president</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a></sup> and the first without <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of presidents of the United States by previous experience">prior military or government service</a>. His election and policies have sparked <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">numerous protests</a>. Trump has made <a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">many false or misleading statements</a> during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by <a href="/wiki/Fact-checker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics. Many of his <a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">comments and actions</a> have been characterized as racially charged or racist.\n</p><p>During his presidency, Trump <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">ordered a travel ban</a> on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after <a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a>, the Supreme Court upheld <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">the policy\'s third revision</a>. He enacted <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">a tax-cut package</a> for individuals and businesses, rescinding the <a href="/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a> penalty. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an <a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a> agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> trade negotiations, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a>. He <a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">imposed import tariffs</a> which triggered <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">a trade war with China</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War#Withdrawal_from_north_Syria" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">withdrew U.S. troops from northern Syria</a>. Trump met thrice with North Korea\'s leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>, but talks on <a href="/wiki/Denuclearization" class="mw-redirect" title="Denuclearization">denuclearization</a> broke down in 2019. Trump began running for a second term shortly after becoming president.\n</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">special counsel investigation</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> found that Trump and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">his campaign</a> welcomed and encouraged <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election</a> under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">criminal conspiracy</a> or coordination with Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-coordination_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coordination-4">[d]</a></sup> Mueller also investigated Trump for <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">his report</a> neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that offense. After Trump <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">solicited the investigation of a political rival by Ukraine</a>, the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">impeached him</a> in December 2019 for <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a> and <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of Congress">obstruction of Congress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">The Senate acquitted him</a> of both charges in February 2020.\n</p>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Military_deferment"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Military deferment</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Parents_and_siblings"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Parents and siblings</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Wives_and_children"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Wives and children</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Health_and_lifestyle"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health and lifestyle</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Wealth"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wealth</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Business_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Business career</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Real_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Real estate</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Manhattan_developments"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Manhattan developments</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Palm_Beach_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Palm Beach estate</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Atlantic_City_casinos"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Atlantic City casinos</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Golf_courses"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Golf courses</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Branding_and_licensing"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Branding and licensing</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Legal_affairs_and_bankruptcies"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legal affairs and bankruptcies</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Side_ventures"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Side ventures</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Trump_University"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Trump University</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Foundation"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Foundation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Conflicts_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Conflicts of interest</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Media_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Media career</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#WWE"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">WWE</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#The_Apprentice"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>The Apprentice</i></span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Acting"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Acting</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Talk_shows"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Talk shows</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Political_activities_up_to_2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political activities up to 2015</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#2000_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">2000 presidential campaign</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#2012_presidential_speculation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">2012 presidential speculation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#2013–2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">2013–2015</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#2016_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">2016 presidential campaign</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Republican_primaries"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Republican primaries</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#General_election_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">General election campaign</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Political_positions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Political positions</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Campaign_rhetoric"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign rhetoric</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Support_from_the_far_right"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Support from the far right</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Financial_disclosures"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Financial disclosures</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Election_to_the_presidency"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Election to the presidency</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Protests"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#2020_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">2020 presidential campaign</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Presidency"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Presidency</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Early_actions"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early actions</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Domestic_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Domestic policy</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Economy_and_trade"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economy and trade</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Energy_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Energy and climate</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="#Government_size_and_deregulation"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Government size and deregulation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#Social_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Social issues</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-51"><a href="#Pardons_and_commutations"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Pardons and commutations</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Immigration"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-53"><a href="#Travel_ban"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel ban</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Family_separation_at_border"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Family separation at border</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Migrant_detentions"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Migrant detentions</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-56"><a href="#2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-57"><a href="#National_emergency_regarding_the_southern_border"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">National emergency regarding the southern border</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#Trump_wall"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Trump wall</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="#Foreign_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#ISIS,_Syria,_and_Afghanistan"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-62"><a href="#Israel"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Israel</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-63"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-64"><a href="#North_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">North Korea</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-65"><a href="#Russia"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Russia</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-66"><a href="#Cuba"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Cuba</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-67"><a href="#Venezuela"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Venezuela</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-68"><a href="#NATO"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.9</span> <span class="toctext">NATO</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-70"><a href="#Dismissal_of_James_Comey"><span class="tocnumber">5.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dismissal of James Comey</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71"><a href="#COVID-19_pandemic"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">COVID-19 pandemic</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Lafayette_Square_protester_removal_and_photo_op"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#Public_profile"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Public profile</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-74"><a href="#Approval_ratings"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Approval ratings</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Social_media"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Social media</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#False_statements"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">False statements</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Relationship_with_the_press"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship with the press</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Racial_views"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Racial views</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-79"><a href="#Allegations_of_sexual_misconduct"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-80"><a href="#Allegations_of_inciting_violence"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of inciting violence</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-81"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6.8</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-82"><a href="#Recognition"><span class="tocnumber">6.9</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-83"><a href="#Investigations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Investigations</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-84"><a href="#Hush_payments"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hush payments</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-85"><a href="#Russian_interference"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Russian interference</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-86"><a href="#Special_counsel_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Special counsel investigation</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-87"><a href="#Associates"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Associates</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-88"><a href="#2019_congressional_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">2019 congressional investigation</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-89"><a href="#Impeachment"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-90"><a href="#Impeachment_by_the_House_of_Representatives"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment by the House of Representatives</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-91"><a href="#Impeachment_trial_in_the_Senate"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment trial in the Senate</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-92"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-93"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>\n<ul>\n<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-94"><a href="#Works_cited"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Works cited</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-95"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="197" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/225px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/300px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1024" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1964 New York Military Academy yearbook photo</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at Jamaica Hospital in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_Certificate-5">[1]</a></sup> His father was <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Christ_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Christ Trump">Frederick Christ Trump</a>, a Bronx-born real estate developer whose parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump" title="Mary Anne MacLeod Trump">Mary Anne MacLeod Trump</a>. Trump grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Estates,_Queens" title="Jamaica Estates, Queens">Jamaica Estates</a> neighborhood of Queens and attended the <a href="/wiki/Kew-Forest_School" title="Kew-Forest School">Kew-Forest School</a> from kindergarten through seventh grade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-6">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[3]</a></sup> At age 13, he was enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy" title="New York Military Academy">New York Military Academy</a>, a private boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-8">[4]</a></sup>\nIn 1964, he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a>. Two years later he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9">[5]</a></sup> While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a></sup> He graduated in May 1968 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> in economics.<sup id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></sup> Profiles of Trump published in <i>The New York Times</i> in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton, but he had never made the school\'s honor roll.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a></sup> In 2015, Trump\'s lawyer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump\'s academic records.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[9]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_deferment">Military deferment</span></h4>\n<p>While in college, Trump obtained four student <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a> deferments.<sup id="cite_ref-defer_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defer-14">[10]</a></sup> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a></sup> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified <span class="nowrap">1-Y</span> (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-16">[12]</a></sup> In 1972, he was reclassified <span class="nowrap">4-F</span> due to bone spurs, which permanently disqualified him from service.<sup id="cite_ref-SE_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SE-17">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-emery_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emery-18">[14]</a></sup> Trump said in 2015 the deferment was for a <a href="/wiki/Bone_spur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bone spur">bone spur</a> in his foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-16">[12]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/220px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/330px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/440px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="531" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump is <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">sworn in</a> as president by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> on January 20, 2017. From left: Trump, wife <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania</a>, and his children <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a>.</div></div></div>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Parents_and_siblings">Parents and siblings</span></h4>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a> started working in real estate with his mother <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump" title="Elizabeth Christ Trump">Elizabeth</a> when he was 15, after his father <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Trump">Friedrich</a> had died in the <a href="/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 flu pandemic">1918 flu pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a></sup> Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<sup id="cite_ref-Blair1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1-20">[16]</a></sup> was active in the <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">New York boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-dad_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dad-21">[17]</a></sup> Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the <a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">anti-German sentiment</a> sparked by World War II;<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_Swedish_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Swedish-22">[18]</a></sup> Donald Trump also claimed Swedish heritage until 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> Trump\'s mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-Pilon_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pilon-24">[20]</a></sup> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a></sup> Trump grew up with three elder siblings – <a href="/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry" title="Maryanne Trump Barry">Maryanne</a>, Fred Jr., and Elizabeth – and younger brother Robert.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Wives_and_children">Wives and children</span></h4>\n<p>In 1977, Trump married <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> model <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-27">[23]</a></sup> They have three children, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a> (born 1977), <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a> (born 1981), and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a> (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a></sup> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a></sup> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump\'s affair with actress <a href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a></sup> Maples and Trump married in 1993<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a></sup> and had one daughter, <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a> (born 1993).<sup id="cite_ref-Slate07202016_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slate07202016-32">[28]</a></sup> They were divorced in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a></sup> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20161002_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161002-34">[30]</a></sup> In 2005, Trump married <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> model <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Knauss</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Post52208_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post52208-35">[31]</a></sup> They have one son, <a href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a> (born 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a></sup> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></h3>\n<p>Trump identifies as <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>. He went to <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> in 1959 at the <a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_in_Jamaica" title="First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica">First Presbyterian Church</a> in Jamaica, Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-inactive_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inactive-39">[35]</a></sup> In the 1970s, his parents joined the <a href="/wiki/Marble_Collegiate_Church" title="Marble Collegiate Church">Marble Collegiate Church</a> in Manhattan, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-40">[36]</a></sup> The pastor at Marble, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Vincent_Peale" title="Norman Vincent Peale">Norman Vincent Peale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup> ministered to Trump\'s family until Peale\'s death in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-40">[36]</a></sup> Trump has described Peale as a mentor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]-41">[37]</a></sup> In 2015, after Trump said he attends Marble, the church publicly stated he "is not an active member" of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-inactive_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inactive-39">[35]</a></sup>\n</p><p>While campaigning, Trump said, "Nothing beats the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Weigel11Aug_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigel11Aug-42">[38]</a></sup> In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, <a href="/wiki/Televangelist" class="mw-redirect" title="Televangelist">televangelist</a> <a href="/wiki/Paula_White" title="Paula White">Paula White</a>, to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_and_lifestyle">Health and lifestyle</span></h3>\n<p>Trump <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">abstains from alcohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimesalc_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesalc-44">[40]</a></sup> He claims he has never smoked cigarettes or <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smoke_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smoke-45">[41]</a></sup> He likes <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> and French cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a></sup> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a></sup> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", although he usually does not walk the course.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a></sup> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2015, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bornstein" title="Harold Bornstein">Harold Bornstein</a>, who had been Trump\'s personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a></sup> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a></sup> and that three agents of Trump had removed his medical records in February 2017 without due authorization.<sup id="cite_ref-Schechter_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schechter-53">[49]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In January 2018, White House physician <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Ronny Jackson</a> said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues.<sup id="cite_ref-time-20180117_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-20180117-54">[50]</a></sup> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump\'s 2018 <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">LDL cholesterol</a> level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20180117_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20180117-55">[51]</a></sup> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician <a href="/wiki/Sean_Conley" title="Sean Conley">Sean Conley</a> said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically <a href="/wiki/Obese" class="mw-redirect" title="Obese">obese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-obese_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obese-56">[52]</a></sup> His 2019 <a href="/wiki/Coronary_CT_calcium_scan" title="Coronary CT calcium scan">coronary CT calcium scan</a> score indicates he suffers from a form of <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a> common for white men of his age.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a></sup> \n</p><p>In June 2020, Conley released a memorandum saying "the data indicates that the President remains healthy."<sup id="cite_ref-summary_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-58">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-memo_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-memo-59">[55]</a></sup> The memorandum was not the usual report issued after the annual physical exam. It summarized medical appointments that had taken place between November 2019 and 2020. It also said Trump had completed two-weeks of taking <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> with zinc and vitamin D "safely and without side effects" as a preventive measure against contracting <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-summary_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-58">[54]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wealth">Wealth</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">Wealth of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">Tax returns of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2885" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and wife Ivana in the receiving line of a state dinner for King <a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">Fahd of Saudi Arabia</a> in 1985,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a></sup> with U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></div></div></div>\n<p>In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family\'s estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien2005Oct_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien2005Oct-61">[57]</a></sup> In its 2020 <a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaires</a> ranking, <i>Forbes</i> estimated Trump\'s net worth at $2.1 billion<sup id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup> (1,001st in the world, 275th in the U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-billionaires_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-billionaires-64">[60]</a></sup> making him one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_American_politicians" title="List of richest American politicians">richest politicians in American history</a> and the first billionaire American president.<sup id="cite_ref-forbes-billionaires_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-billionaires-64">[60]</a></sup> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a></sup> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Elections_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Elections Commission">Federal Elections Commission</a> (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<sup id="cite_ref-financial-pr_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-financial-pr-66">[62]</a></sup> however, FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-67">[63]</a></sup> Trump said in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using the pseudonym "<a href="/wiki/John_Barron_(pseudonym)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Barron (pseudonym)">John Barron</a>" and claiming to be a Trump Organization official, called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family\'s business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a> list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that <i>Forbes</i> had vastly overestimated Trump\'s wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<sup id="cite_ref-small-loan_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small-loan-70">[66]</a></sup> In October 2018, <i>The New York Times</i> reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father\'s business empire over his lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-takeaways_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-takeaways-71">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tax_Schemes_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-72">[68]</a></sup> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-74">[70]</a></sup> Analyses by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> and <i>The Washington Post</i> have concluded that Trump\'s investments underperformed the stock market.<sup id="cite_ref-econ_From_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econ_From-75">[71]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a></sup> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump\'s personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. <i>The New York Times</i> reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump\'s "core business losses in 1990 and 1991 – more than $250 million each year – were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Buettner-190508_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buettner-190508-78">[74]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Friedersdorf-190508_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-190508-79">[75]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Business_career">Business career</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Real_estate">Real estate</span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/170px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/255px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/340px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Distinctive façade of <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, headquarters of the Trump Organization in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a></div></div></div>\n<p>Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred\'s real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City\'s outer boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946-80">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> In 1971, he became president of the company and renamed it <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]-82">[78]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Manhattan_developments">Manhattan developments</span></h4>\n<p>Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family\'s first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Commodore Hotel</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a></sup> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler160303_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler160303-84">[80]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-85">[81]</a></sup> The hotel reopened in 1980 as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Grand Hyatt Hotel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35-86">[82]</a></sup> and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a></sup> The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump\'s primary residence until 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-TrumpTowerResidence1_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpTowerResidence1-88">[84]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moved_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moved-89">[85]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 1988, Trump acquired the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a> in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a></sup> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-19950412_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19950412-91">[87]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at <a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a>. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82-93">[89]</a></sup> In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a 70-acre (28 ha) tract in the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> neighborhood near the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Palm_Beach_estate">Palm Beach estate</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/220px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/330px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/440px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="335" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mar-a-Lago in 2009</div></div></div>\n<p>In 1985, Trump acquired the <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> estate in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CP-W_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP-W-95">[91]</a></sup> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.<sup id="cite_ref-town&countryprice_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-town&countryprice-96">[92]</a></sup> The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-samD10-9-17_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samD10-9-17-97">[93]</a></sup> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<sup id="cite_ref-moved_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moved-89">[85]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Atlantic_City_casinos">Atlantic City casinos</span></h4>\n<p>In 1984, Trump opened <a href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_at_Trump_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrah's at Trump Plaza">Harrah\'s at Trump Plaza</a> hotel and casino in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a> with financing from the <a href="/wiki/Holiday_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiday Corporation">Holiday Corporation</a>, who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58-98">[94]</a></sup> Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property\'s poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-99">[95]</a></sup> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Corporation</a> for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called <a href="/wiki/Golden_Nugget_Atlantic_City" title="Golden Nugget Atlantic City">Trump Castle</a>. Trump\'s then-wife <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana</a> managed it until 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60-100">[96]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]-101">[97]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg" class="image"><img alt="The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Entrance of the <a href="/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Taj Mahal">Trump Taj Mahal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a></div></div></div>\n<p>Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Taj Mahal casino">Taj Mahal</a>, in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a></sup> It was financed with $675 million in <a href="/wiki/Junk_bonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Junk bonds">junk bonds</a> and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UPI9April_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI9April-104">[100]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]-105">[101]</a></sup> The project went bankrupt the following year,<sup id="cite_ref-UPI9April_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UPI9April-104">[100]</a></sup> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-106">[102]</a></sup> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, <a href="/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, and sold his 282-foot (86 m) mega yacht, the <i><a href="/wiki/Trump_Princess" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Princess">Trump Princess</a></i>, which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<sup id="cite_ref-Hylton_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hylton-107">[103]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]-108">[104]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 1995, Trump founded <a href="/wiki/Trump_Hotels_%26_Casino_Resorts" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts">Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts</a> (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Star_II" title="Majestic Star II">Trump Casino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a></sup> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-McQuade16Aug_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQuade16Aug-110">[106]</a></sup> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Golf_courses">Golf courses</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Donald Trump and golf</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" class="image"><img alt="A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/220px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/330px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/440px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="366" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Turnberry_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnberry Hotel">Turnberry Hotel</a> and golf course in <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>, Scotland</div></div></div>\n<p>The Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNMoney_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-112">[108]</a></sup> It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two as of December 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. According to Trump\'s FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-113">[109]</a></sup>\n</p><p>From his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one out of every five days at one of his golf clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Branding_and_licensing">Branding and licensing</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">List of things named after Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/170px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="333" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/255px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/340px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5369" data-file-height="10531" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a> in Chicago</div></div></div>\n<p>After the Trump Organization\'s financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for projects owned and operated by other people and companies.<sup id="cite_ref-NYer_Branding_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYer_Branding-115">[111]</a></sup> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower">hotel towers</a> located around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Chicago</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas" title="Trump International Hotel Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trump_Ocean_Club_International_Hotel_and_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower">Panama City</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Toronto)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)">Toronto</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Vancouver)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)">Vancouver</a>. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Honolulu)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes-20170320_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-20170320-116">[112]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<sup id="cite_ref-overseas_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overseas-117">[113]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neckties_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-118">[114]</a></sup> According to an analysis by <i>The Washington Post</i>, there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump\'s name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a></sup> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<sup id="cite_ref-neckties_118-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-118">[114]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_affairs_and_bankruptcies">Legal affairs and bankruptcies</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Fixer_(person)" title="Fixer (person)">Fixer</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Roy Cohn</a> served as Trump\'s lawyer and mentor in the 1970s and 1980s, with a 13-year relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahler2_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler2-121">[117]</a></sup> According to Trump, they were so close that Cohn sometimes waived fees due to their friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> In 1973, Cohn helped Trump counter-sue the United States government for $100 million over its charges that Trump\'s properties had racial discriminatory practices; in 1975 an agreement was struck for Trump\'s properties to change their practices.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a></sup> It was Cohn who introduced political consultant Roger Stone to Trump, who enlisted Stone\'s services to deal with the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a></sup>\n</p><p>As of April 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.<sup id="cite_ref-USATodayAnalysis_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATodayAnalysis-125">[121]</a></sup>\n</p><p>While Trump has not filed for <a href="/wiki/Personal_bankruptcy" title="Personal bankruptcy">personal bankruptcy</a>, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11 bankruptcy">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a> protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-CO_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-126">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TW_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TW-127">[123]</a></sup> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump\'s shares in the properties.<sup id="cite_ref-CO_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CO-126">[122]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TW_127-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TW-127">[123]</a></sup>\n</p><p>During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<sup id="cite_ref-ArtOfTheSpin_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ArtOfTheSpin-128">[124]</a></sup> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> still willing to lend money.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In April 2019, the <a href="/wiki/House_Oversight_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Oversight Committee">House Oversight Committee</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> seeking financial details from Trump\'s banks, Deutsche Bank and <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a>, and his accounting firm, <a href="/wiki/Mazars_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazars USA">Mazars USA</a>. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Cummings" title="Elijah Cummings">Elijah Cummings</a> to prevent the disclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a></sup> In May, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">DC District Court</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a></sup> and judge <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Ramos" title="Edgardo Ramos">Edgardo Ramos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District Court of New York</a> ruled that the banks must also comply.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a></sup> Trump\'s attorneys appealed the rulings,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a></sup> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Side_ventures">Side ventures</span></h3>\n<p>After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In September 1983, Trump purchased the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals" title="New Jersey Generals">New Jersey Generals</a>, a team in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a>. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump\'s strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust suit</a> against the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-Markazi_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markazi-139">[135]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Morris_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-140">[136]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Hall" title="Boardwalk Hall">Atlantic City Convention Hall</a> adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Tyson_vs._Michael_Spinks" title="Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks">Mike Tyson\'s 1988 heavyweight championship fight</a> against <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spinks" title="Michael Spinks">Michael Spinks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137-142">[138]</a></sup> In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour de Trump">Tour de Trump</a> cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d\'Italia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-143">[139]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street\'s so-called <a href="/wiki/Corporate_raider" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate raider">corporate raiders</a>, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think he was engaged in the practice called <a href="/wiki/Greenmail" title="Greenmail">greenmail</a>, or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer\'s stake at a premium. <i>The New York Times</i> found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:132px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/130px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="104" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/195px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/260px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="2282" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump\'s star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a></div></div></div>\n<p>In 1988, Trump purchased the defunct <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a> shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380 million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the <a href="/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to <a href="/wiki/USAir" class="mw-redirect" title="USAir">USAir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-plane_rumour_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plane_rumour-147">[143]</a></sup>\n</p><p>From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned all or part of the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> pageants, including <a href="/wiki/Miss_USA" title="Miss USA">Miss USA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA" title="Miss Teen USA">Miss Teen USA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pageantsaleWME_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pageantsaleWME-148">[144]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a></sup> Due to disagreements with <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> about scheduling, he took both pageants to <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a></sup> In 2007, Trump received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<sup id="cite_ref-cz160129_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cz160129-152">[148]</a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-mp_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mp-153">[149]</a></sup> Trump bought NBC\'s share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to <a href="/wiki/Endeavor_(company)" title="Endeavor (company)">the William Morris talent agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Trump_University">Trump University</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a></div>\n<p>In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> which sold real estate training courses priced from $1,500 to $35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vf_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vf-156">[152]</a></sup> After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt511_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt511-157">[153]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<sup id="cite_ref-AppealsCourt2016_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AppealsCourt2016-158">[154]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a></sup> In addition, two <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class actions</a> were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<sup id="cite_ref-twofront_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twofront-160">[156]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ronald_tu_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ronald_tu-161">[157]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a></sup> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foundation">Foundation</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Donald J. Trump Foundation</a></div>\n<p>The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book <i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0b_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-166">[162]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1b_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1b-167">[163]</a></sup> In the foundation\'s final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoMissing_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoMissing-168">[164]</a></sup> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2016, <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a></sup> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General\'s office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-hit_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hit-171">[167]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a></sup> Trump\'s team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In June 2018 the New York attorney general\'s office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a></sup> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldmacher-181218_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldmacher-181218-176">[172]</a></sup> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation\'s funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-Katersky-191107_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Katersky-191107-177">[173]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conflicts_of_interest">Conflicts of interest</span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/220px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/440px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a> AVM in 2012.</div></div></div>\n<p>Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a <a href="/wiki/Revocable_trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Revocable trust">revocable trust</a> run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<sup id="cite_ref-NPR012018_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-179">[175]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC041817_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-180">[176]</a></sup> According to ethics experts, measures taken by Trump do not help avoid conflicts of interest as long as he continues to profit from his businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration\'s policies affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend selling the businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC041817_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-180">[176]</a></sup> Though Trump said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the <a href="/wiki/Title_of_Nobility_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Title of Nobility Clause">Emoluments Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<sup id="cite_ref-Venook_181-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-182">[178]</a></sup> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<sup id="cite_ref-NPR012018_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-179">[175]</a></sup> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<sup id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-182">[178]</a></sup> According to <i>The Guardian</i>, "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments – including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines – seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a></sup> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudis</a> and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a></sup> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and Turkish president <a href="/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a> because of his <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a>, saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it\'s a tremendously successful job<span class="nowrap"> </span>... It\'s called Trump Towers – two towers instead of one<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I\'ve gotten to know Turkey very well".<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_career">Media career</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Bibliography of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>Trump\'s first book, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Art of the Deal">The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987), was on the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list"><i>New York Times</i> Best Seller list</a> for 48 weeks. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, "The book expanded Trump\'s renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." Trump was credited as the book\'s co-author with <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Tony Schwartz</a>. Schwartz later said he had done all the writing, and this was confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kaminsky" title="Howard Kaminsky">Howard Kaminsky</a>, who at the time the book appeared was head of its publisher, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a></sup> Trump has called <i>The Art of the Deal</i> his second favorite book, after the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Two lesser memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WWE">WWE</span></h3>\n<p>Trump has had a sporadic relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a> promotion <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a> (World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment) since the late 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-myth_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-myth-191">[187]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wwebio_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwebio-192">[188]</a></sup> He headlined the record-breaking <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_23" title="WrestleMania 23">WrestleMania 23</a> in 2007 and was inducted into the celebrity wing of the <a href="/wiki/WWE_Hall_of_Fame_(2013)" title="WWE Hall of Fame (2013)">WWE Hall of Fame in 2013</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chief_heel_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-193">[189]</a></sup> WWE co-founder and former CEO <a href="/wiki/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda McMahon</a> later worked in his administration and election campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-chief_heel_193-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-193">[189]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Apprentice"><i>The Apprentice</i></span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice (American TV series)</a></div>\n<p>In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of <i>The Apprentice</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Reality_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Reality show">reality show</a> in which Trump played the role of a powerful <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive</a> and contestants competed for a year of employment at the Trump Organization. Trump winnowed out contestants with his famous <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a> "You\'re fired".<sup id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-194">[190]</a></sup> He later co-hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice" title="The Celebrity Apprentice">The Celebrity Apprentice</a></i>, in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<sup id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_194-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-194">[190]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Acting">Acting</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">Donald Trump filmography</a></div>\n<p>Trump has made <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameo appearances">cameo appearances</a> in eight films and television shows<sup id="cite_ref-Atlantic_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-195">[191]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a></sup> and performed a song as a <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Acres" title="Green Acres">Green Acres</a></i> character with <a href="/wiki/Megan_Mullally" title="Megan Mullally">Megan Mullally</a> at the <a href="/wiki/57th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="57th Primetime Emmy Awards">57th Primetime Emmy Awards</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Talk_shows">Talk shows</span></h3>\n<p>Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated <i><a href="/wiki/Howard_Stern_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Howard Stern Show">Howard Stern Show</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]-198">[194]</a></sup> He also had his own short-form talk radio program called <i><a href="/wiki/Trumped!" title="Trumped!">Trumped!</a></i> (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a></sup> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends" title="Fox & Friends">Fox & Friends</a></i> which continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_career">Political career</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political career of Donald Trump">Political career of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_activities_up_to_2015">Political activities up to 2015</span></h3>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in June 2000</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump\'s political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15-203">[199]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,<sup id="cite_ref-hint_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hint-204">[200]</a></sup> advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a></sup> He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-hint_204-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hint-204">[200]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2000_presidential_campaign">2000 presidential campaign</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign</a></div>\n<p>In 1999, Trump filed an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> to seek the nomination of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a> for the 2000 presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes.Revolution_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Revolution-206">[202]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Winger-111225_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winger-111225-207">[203]</a></sup> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and likely Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> showed Trump with seven percent support.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a></sup> Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2012_presidential_speculation">2012 presidential speculation</span></h4>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaking at CPAC 2011</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump speculated about running for president in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">the 2012 election</a>, making his first speaking appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.<sup id="cite_ref-McA_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McA-210">[206]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a></sup> In May 2011 he announced he would not run.<sup id="cite_ref-McA_210-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McA-210">[206]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a></sup> Before the 2016 election, <i>The New York Times</i> speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents\' Association</a> Dinner in April 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2011, the superintendent of the New York Military Academy at the time, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump\'s academic records so he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale confirmed that he had been asked to hand the records over to members of the school\'s board of trustees who were Trump\'s friends, but he refused to and instead sealed them on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of President Barack Obama\'s academic records.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span id="2013.E2.80.932015"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2013–2015">2013–2015</span></h4>\n<p>In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<sup id="cite_ref-CPAC1_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPAC1-215">[211]</a></sup> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama\'s "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested the government "take" Iraq\'s oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a></sup> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<sup id="cite_ref-NYPost2016_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYPost2016-218">[214]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a></sup> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to Trump\'s attorney <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a>, in May 2015 he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and to Fordham, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump\'s grades or SAT scores; Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.<sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential campaign</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a></div>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Republican_primaries">Republican primaries</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8688" data-file-height="5792" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Laconia,_New_Hampshire" title="Laconia, New Hampshire">Laconia, New Hampshire</a>, July 2015</div></div></div>\n<p>On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshoring</a> of American jobs, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national debt">U.S. national debt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a>, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6/15/15transcript_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6/15/15transcript-222">[218]</a></sup> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a></sup> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a></sup> but according to <i>The Atlantic</i>, "Trump\'s claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016#March_1,_2016:_Super_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016">Super Tuesday</a>, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a></sup> After a landslide win in <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Republican_primary,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiana Republican primary, 2016">Indiana</a> on May 3, 2016 – which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and <a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> to suspend their presidential campaigns – <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">RNC</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a> declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-politico_priebus_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico_priebus-228">[224]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="General_election_campaign">General election campaign</span></h4>\n<p>After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">general election</a>. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.\n</p><p>Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016">national polls</a> throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton\'s lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI\'s re-opening the investigation into her ongoing <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">email controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3794" data-file-height="2288" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Candidate Trump and running mate <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>, July 2016</div></div></div>\n<p>On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> as his running mate.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a></sup> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a></sup> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>, but the other prior nominees did not attend.<sup id="cite_ref-missing_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missing-234">[230]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#First_presidential_debate_(Hofstra_University)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">their first presidential debate</a>, which was held at <a href="/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a> was held at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, Missouri. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Third_presidential_debate_(University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">final presidential debate</a> was held on October 19 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a>. Trump\'s refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>Trump\'s campaign platform emphasized renegotiating <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93China_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.–China relations">U.S.–China relations</a> and free trade agreements such as <a href="/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">a new wall</a> along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing <a href="/wiki/Energy_independence" title="Energy independence">energy independence</a> while opposing climate change regulations such as the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, modernizing and expediting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs#Benefits" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">services for veterans</a>, repealing and replacing the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>, abolishing <a href="/wiki/Common_Core" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Core">Common Core</a> education standards, <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">investing in infrastructure</a>, simplifying the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">tax code</a> while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a> approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a></sup> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "obsolete".<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a></sup>\n</p><p>His political positions have been described as <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-242">[238]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a></sup> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for deregulation and large reductions in income taxes, consistent with Republican Party policies,<sup id="cite_ref-Donaldjtrump.com_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donaldjtrump.com-245">[241]</a></sup> along with significant infrastructure investment, usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a></sup> Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<sup id="cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-247">[243]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thehillFLIP_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehillFLIP-248">[244]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<sup id="cite_ref-real_Donald_249-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-real_Donald-249">[245]</a></sup> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-250">[246]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign_rhetoric">Campaign rhetoric</span></h4>\n<p>In his campaign, Trump said he disdained <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse <a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">media bias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-251">[247]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blake-150706_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blake-150706-253">[249]</a></sup> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of <a href="/wiki/Earned_media" title="Earned media">free media coverage</a> during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254">[250]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<sup id="cite_ref-whoppers_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoppers-255">[251]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-year_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-year-256">[252]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wapo-false_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-false-257">[253]</a></sup> At least four major publications – <i>Politico</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, <i>The New York Times</i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> – have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the <i>Los Angeles Times</i> saying, "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> said Trump\'s campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s penchant for <a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a> is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-260">[256]</a></sup> Trump adopted his <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">ghostwriter\'s</a> phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-260">[256]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konnikova_261-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-261">[257]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_from_the_far_right">Support from the far right</span></h4>\n<p><span id="White_supremacist_support"></span>\n</p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Michael Barkun</a>, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a></sup> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-264" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a></sup> He retweeted open racists,<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a></sup> and repeatedly refused to condemn <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN\'s <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_(American_TV_program)" title="State of the Union (American TV program)">State of the Union</a></i>, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-269" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a></sup> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a></sup>\n</p><p>After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnduke_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-272">[268]</a></sup> Trump said on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>\'s <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Joe" title="Morning Joe">Morning Joe</a></i>: "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<sup id="cite_ref-cnnduke_272-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-272">[268]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> movement coalesced around Trump\'s candidacy,<sup id="cite_ref-WPechoes_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WPechoes-273">[269]</a></sup> due in part to its <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_multiculturalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Opposition to multiculturalism">opposition to multiculturalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">immigration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNexplained_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNexplained-275">[271]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-276">[272]</a></sup>\nMembers of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump\'s campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a></sup>\nIn August 2016, he appointed <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> – the executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a> – as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a></sup> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.Disavows_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.Disavows-279">[275]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_disclosures">Financial disclosures</span></h4>\n<p>As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-67">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a></sup> The 2016 form showed little change.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-113">[109]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has not released <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_tax_returns" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump's tax returns">his tax returns</a>, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promises in 2014 and 2015 to do so if he ran for office.<sup id="cite_ref-Rappeport_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rappeport-282">[278]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-283" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a></sup> He said his tax returns were being audited (in actuality, audits do not prevent release of tax returns), and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<sup id="cite_ref-CNNtax26Feb_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNtax26Feb-284">[280]</a></sup> Trump has told the press his tax rate is none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In October 2016, portions of Trump\'s state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from <i>The New York Times</i>. They show that Trump had declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20161010_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20161010-286">[282]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump\'s 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-taxes_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-taxes-287">[283]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hill-taxes_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hill-taxes-288">[284]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In April 2019, the House <a href="/wiki/Ways_and_Means_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Ways and Means Committee">Ways and Means Committee</a> made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump\'s personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a></sup> Two deadlines to provide the returns were missed, then Treasury secretary <a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Steven Mnuchin</a> in May 2019 ultimately denied the request.<sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a></sup> Committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> then subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns.<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a></sup> These subpoenas were also defied in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a></sup> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that tax returns must be provided to Congress upon request, unless a president invokes executive privilege. Congress need not justify the request, the memo stated, contradicting the administration\'s justification that a legislative purpose is needed to produce the tax returns.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a></sup> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_to_the_presidency">Election to the presidency</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="192" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/495px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/660px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="593" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2016 electoral vote results</div></div></div>\n<p>On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after <a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016">defections on both sides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a></sup> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">while losing the popular vote</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-301" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-301">[e]</a></sup> Clinton was ahead nationwide, with 65,853,514 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001481845780759093♠" style="display:none"></span>48.18%) compared to Trump\'s 62,984,828 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001460855796148360♠" style="display:none"></span>46.09%).<sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide – though diminishing – lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump\'s support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a></sup> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton\'s support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump\'s support among white working-class voters.<sup id="cite_ref-304" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a></sup> The polls were relatively accurate,<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a></sup> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump\'s core constituencies in competitive states.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect,_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._(31196987133).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect,_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._(31196987133).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> and president-elect Trump on November 10, 2016</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump won 30 states, including <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, which had been considered a <a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_(politics)" title="Blue wall (politics)">blue wall</a> of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>. Trump\'s victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Presidents_and_control_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Presidents and control of Congress">control of</a> both chambers of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>\n</p><p>Trump is <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_net_worth" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States by net worth">the wealthiest president in U.S. history</a>, even after <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">adjusting</a> for <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a></sup> and the oldest person to take office as president.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a></sup> He is also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience">the first president</a> who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<sup id="cite_ref-309" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-voxexp_310-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-310">[305]</a></sup> Of the 43<sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312">[f]</a></sup> previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<sup id="cite_ref-voxexp_310-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-310">[305]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests">Protests</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests against Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/220px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/330px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/440px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5325" data-file-height="3550" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women\'s March</a> in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after Trump\'s inauguration</div></div></div>\n<p>Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-314" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-314">[308]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-315">[309]</a></sup> Trump\'s election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially tweeted that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media" and "unfair", but later "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<sup id="cite_ref-316" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317">[311]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In the weeks following Trump\'s inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the <a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women Marches</a>, which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-USAToday01a_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday01a-318">[312]</a></sup> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a></sup> Marches against his <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">travel ban</a> began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-320" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-320">[314]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign</a></div>\n<p>Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321">[315]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-322" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-322">[316]</a></sup> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<sup id="cite_ref-323" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-323">[317]</a></sup> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida" title="Melbourne, Florida">Melbourne, Florida</a>, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<sup id="cite_ref-324" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a></sup> By January 2018, Trump\'s reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<sup id="cite_ref-325" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-325">[319]</a></sup> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326">[320]</a></sup> Trump became the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican presumptive nominee</a> on March 17, 2020, after securing a majority of pledged delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a></sup> Trump\'s re-election campaign saw declining poll numbers by mid-2020, reflecting dissatisfaction with his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread racial justice protests following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" title="Killing of George Floyd">killing of George Floyd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shepard-200709_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shepard-200709-328">[322]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Todd-200709_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Todd-200709-329">[323]</a></sup> His campaign messaging shifted to "racist rhetoric", described NBC News, as his campaign attempted to reclaim voters lost from his base of white conservative voters.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen-200709_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-200709-330">[324]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Costa_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costa-331">[325]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidency">Presidency</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide to this subject, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency</a>.</div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_actions">Early actions</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Presidential transition of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">First 100 days of Donald Trump\'s presidency</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/330px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/440px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3863" data-file-height="2576" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump during his inauguration in 2017. From left, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Trump was inaugurated</a> as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed <a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump#Executive_orders" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">six executive orders</a>: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (Obamacare), withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> negotiations, reinstatement of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City Policy">Mexico City Policy</a>, unlocking the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL">Keystone XL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline" title="Dakota Access Pipeline">Dakota Access Pipeline</a> construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall along the U.S. border with Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-exec-summary_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exec-summary-332">[326]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-333" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-333">[327]</a></sup> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>. She serves as an assistant to the President,<sup id="cite_ref-334" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-334">[328]</a></sup> and he is a <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor</a> in the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-335" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-335">[329]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On January 31, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Trump nominated</a> U.S. Appeals Court judge <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> to fill the seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> previously held by Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> until his death on February 13, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-336" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-336">[330]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</span></h3>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy_and_trade">Economy and trade</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economic policy of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">Trump tariffs</a></div>\n<p>The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump\'s first three years in office.<sup id="cite_ref-greatesteconomy_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greatesteconomy-337">[331]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-recession_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recession-338">[332]</a></sup> This ended in February 2020, when <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus recession">the COVID-19 pandemic sparked a recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-recession_338-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recession-338">[332]</a></sup> Throughout his presidency, Trump has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history (at least four U.S. presidents have presided over better economies).<sup id="cite_ref-greatesteconomy_337-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greatesteconomy-337">[331]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2017, Trump signed the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>, which permanently cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, temporarily lowered personal tax brackets until 2025, increased child tax credit, doubled the <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate tax</a> exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-339" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="1315" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaks to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017.</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized <a href="/wiki/NAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-340" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-341" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-341">[335]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-342" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a></sup> He withdrew the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (TPP) negotiations,<sup id="cite_ref-343" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a></sup> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<sup id="cite_ref-Inman_344-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inman-344">[338]</a></sup> and launched a <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">trade war</a> with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-345" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-345">[339]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto1_346-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-346">[340]</a></sup> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Newburger-190512_347-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newburger-190512-347">[341]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Despite a campaign promise to eliminate the national debt in eight years, Trump as president has approved large increases in government spending, as well as the 2017 tax cut. As a result, the American government\'s budget deficit has increased by almost 50%, to nearly $1<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-348" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-348">[342]</a></sup> In 2016, the year before Trump took office, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._national_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. national debt">U.S. national debt</a> was around $19<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion; by mid-2020, it had increased to $26<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion under the Trump administration.<sup id="cite_ref-349" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In April 2020, the official unemployment rate shot up to 14.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an underestimation of the actual unemployment rate, but still was the highest level of unemployment since 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-350" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Energy_and_climate">Energy and climate</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>\n<p>Trump rejects the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ParkerDavenport_351-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerDavenport-351">[345]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-352" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a></sup> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<sup id="cite_ref-353" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a></sup> In June 2017, Trump announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement</a>, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-354" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2019_G7_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 G7 summit">2019 G7 summit</a>, Trump skipped the sessions on climate change but said afterward during a press conference that he is an environmentalist.<sup id="cite_ref-355" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-355">[349]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. One example is the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a>. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction, such as allowing <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy" title="Arctic Refuge drilling controversy">drilling in the Arctic Refuge</a>. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<sup id="cite_ref-356" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-356">[350]</a></sup> Trump\'s energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-357" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-357">[351]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_size_and_deregulation">Government size and deregulation</span></h4>\n<p>Trump\'s early policies have favored <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">rollback and dismantling of government regulations</a>. He has signed 15 <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> disapproval resolutions to allow Congress to repeal executive regulations, the second President to sign any such resolutions after the first CRA resolution was passed in 2001, and the first President to sign more than one such resolution.<sup id="cite_ref-358" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-358">[352]</a></sup> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-359" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-360" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-360">[354]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On January 30, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13771" title="Executive Order 13771">Executive Order 13771</a>, which directed that for every new regulation administrative agencies issue "at least two existing regulations be identified for elimination".<sup id="cite_ref-361" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-361">[355]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-362" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-362">[356]</a></sup> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump\'s criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<sup id="cite_ref-mcalabresi_363-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcalabresi-363">[357]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h4>\n<p>During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (ACA or "Obamacare").<sup id="cite_ref-Kodjak_364-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kodjak-364">[358]</a></sup> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> voted to repeal it.<sup id="cite_ref-365" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-365">[359]</a></sup> His first action as president was <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13765" title="Executive Order 13765">Executive Order 13765</a>, which increased flexibility "to the maximum extent permitted by law" for the Cabinet to issue waivers, deferrals, and exemptions for the law while attempting to give states more flexibility.<sup id="cite_ref-366" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-366">[360]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13813" title="Executive Order 13813">Executive Order 13813</a> was subsequently issued, designed to reduce regulations imposed under Obamacare by increasing competition.<sup id="cite_ref-367" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-367">[361]</a></sup> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA <a href="/wiki/Annual_enrollment" title="Annual enrollment">enrollment period</a> in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<sup id="cite_ref-368" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-368">[362]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_369-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-369">[363]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-370" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-370">[364]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">2017 tax bill</a> effectively repealed the ACA\'s <a href="/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a> in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-371" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-371">[365]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-372" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-372">[366]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-373" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-373">[367]</a></sup> and a budget bill Trump signed in 2019 repealed the <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_insurance_plan" title="Cadillac insurance plan">Cadillac plan tax</a>, medical device tax, and <a href="/wiki/Tanning_tax" title="Tanning tax">tanning tax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CadillacRepealed_374-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CadillacRepealed-374">[368]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-375" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-375">[369]</a></sup> As president, Trump has falsely claimed he saved the coverage of pre-existing conditions provided by ACA, while his administration declined to challenge a lawsuit that would eliminate it.<sup id="cite_ref-376" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-376">[370]</a></sup> As a 2016 candidate, Trump promised to protect funding for Medicare and other social safety-net programs, but in January 2020 he suggested he was willing to consider cuts to such programs.<sup id="cite_ref-377" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-377">[371]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_issues">Social issues</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social policy of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<sup id="cite_ref-378" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-378">[372]</a></sup> He has said he is committed to appointing "<a href="/wiki/Pro-life" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a>" justices.<sup id="cite_ref-60min_379-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60min-379">[373]</a></sup> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<sup id="cite_ref-MEhren2_380-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEhren2-380">[374]</a></sup> but considers the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">nationwide legality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> a "settled" issue.<sup id="cite_ref-60min_379-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60min-379">[373]</a></sup> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<sup id="cite_ref-381" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-381">[375]</a></sup> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration\'s workplace protections for LGBT people.<sup id="cite_ref-NBCNews_382-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBCNews-382">[376]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump supports a broad interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a> and says he is <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">opposed</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> in general,<sup id="cite_ref-383" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-383">[377]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OWSAR_384-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OWSAR-384">[378]</a></sup> although his views have shifted over time.<sup id="cite_ref-385" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-385">[379]</a></sup> Trump opposes <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">legalizing recreational marijuana</a> but supports legalizing <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical marijuana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cannabis_386-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cannabis-386">[380]</a></sup> He favors <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">capital punishment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cop_killers_387-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cop_killers-387">[381]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FullPageAd1989_388-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FullPageAd1989-388">[382]</a></sup> as well as the use of <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<sup id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_389-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-389">[383]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ABC_News_390-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-390">[384]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Pardons_and_commutations">Pardons and commutations</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>In August 2017, Trump pardoned former sheriff <a href="/wiki/Joe_Arpaio" title="Joe Arpaio">Joe Arpaio</a>, who was awaiting sentencing for <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> in a class action that alleged <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-391" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-391">[385]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-392" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-392">[386]</a></sup> In March 2018, he pardoned former Navy sailor <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Saucier" title="Kristian Saucier">Kristian Saucier</a>, who had been found guilty of taking classified photographs of a submarine.<sup id="cite_ref-393" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-393">[387]</a></sup> In April 2018 he pardoned <a href="/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby">Scooter Libby</a>, a political aide to former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, who had been convicted of obstruction of justice, <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> and making false statements to the FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-394" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-394">[388]</a></sup> In May 2018 he granted a posthumous pardon to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a>, a black boxer who had been convicted in 1913 for traveling across state lines with his white girlfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-395" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-395">[389]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-396" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-396">[390]</a></sup> In June 2018 he pardoned conservative commentator <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D\'Souza</a>, who had made illegal political campaign contributions.<sup id="cite_ref-397" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-397">[391]</a></sup> That month he also commuted the life sentence of <a href="/wiki/Alice_Marie_Johnson" title="Alice Marie Johnson">Alice Marie Johnson</a>, a non-violent drug trafficking offender, following a request by celebrity <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-398" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-398">[392]</a></sup> In February 2020, Trump pardoned white-collar criminals <a href="/wiki/Michael_Milken" title="Michael Milken">Michael Milken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kerik" title="Bernard Kerik">Bernard Kerik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo_Jr." title="Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.">Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commutation_(law)" title="Commutation (law)">commuted</a> former Illinois governor <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a>\'s 14-year corruption sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-Commutation_399-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commutation-399">[393]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-400" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-400">[394]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In July 2020, Trump commuted the 40-month prison sentence for his friend and adviser Roger Stone, who had been soon due to report to jail for his actions during the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential elections. The sentencing judge had previously described that Stone was "prosecuted for covering up for the president" – Trump himself. A month before the commutation, Trump had declared that Stone "can sleep well at night!"<sup id="cite_ref-401" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-401">[395]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration">Immigration</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration policy of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>Trump\'s proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Mexico–United States barrier">a more substantial wall</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> to keep out <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a> and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<sup id="cite_ref-402" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-402">[396]</a></sup> He pledged to massively deport <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">illegal immigrants residing in the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_August29_2015_403-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_August29_2015-403">[397]</a></sup> and criticized <a href="/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">birthright citizenship</a> for creating "<a href="/wiki/Anchor_babies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchor babies">anchor babies</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-404" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-404">[398]</a></sup> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<sup id="cite_ref-405" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-405">[399]</a></sup> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a>, though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-406" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-406">[400]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has attempted to drastically escalate immigration enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-407" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-407">[401]</a></sup> Some of the results are harsher immigration enforcement policies against asylum seekers from Central America than any modern U.S. president before him, and a significantly increased usage of migrant detentions and deportations.<sup id="cite_ref-408" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-408">[402]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ricciardelli_409-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricciardelli-409">[403]</a></sup> This was accompanied by the Trump administration\'s mandating in 2018 that immigration judges must complete 700 cases a year to be evaluated as performing satisfactorily.<sup id="cite_ref-410" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-410">[404]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In other immigration policies, Trump has from 2018 onwards <a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">deployed nearly 6,000 troops to the U.S. Mexico border</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-411" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-411">[405]</a></sup> in 2019 was allowed by the Supreme Court to stop most Central American migrants from seeking U.S. asylum,<sup id="cite_ref-412" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-412">[406]</a></sup> and from 2020 used the <a href="/wiki/Public_charge_rule" title="Public charge rule">public charge rule</a> to restrict immigrants using government benefits from getting permanent residency via <a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">green cards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-413" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-413">[407]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-414" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-414">[408]</a></sup> Trump has continually reduced the number of allowed refugees into the country; when Trump took office the annual limit was 110,000, in 2019 Trump set a limit of 18,000, a record low for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Refugee_Admissions_Program_(USRAP)" title="United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP)">the U.S. refugee program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-415" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-415">[409]</a></sup> Additional restrictions implemented by the Trump administration caused (potentially long-lasting) bottlenecks in processing refugee applications, resulting in fewer refugees accepted compared to the allowed limits.<sup id="cite_ref-416" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-416">[410]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_ban">Travel ban</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a> and <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780</a></div>\n<p>Following the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<sup id="cite_ref-417" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-417">[411]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barro_418-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barro-418">[412]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-419" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-419">[413]</a></sup> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<sup id="cite_ref-Scots_420-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scots-420">[414]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-421" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-421">[415]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-422" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-422">[416]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On January 27, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a>, which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order took effect immediately and without warning.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-423">[417]</a></sup> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<sup id="cite_ref-424" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-424">[418]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-425" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-425">[419]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Yates" title="Sally Yates">Sally Yates</a>, the acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<sup id="cite_ref-426" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-426">[420]</a></sup> Trump immediately dismissed her.<sup id="cite_ref-427" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-427">[421]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_Executive_Orders_13769_and_13780" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780">Multiple legal challenges</a> were filed against the order, and on February<span class="nowrap"> </span>5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-428" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-428">[422]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LiptakStands_429-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiptakStands-429">[423]</a></sup> On March 6, Trump issued <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">a revised order</a>, which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">permanent residents</a>, and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakraborty3/6/17_430-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty3/6/17-430">[424]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-423">[417]</a></sup> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<sup id="cite_ref-431" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-431">[425]</a></sup> On June 26, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a <i>bona fide</i> relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-TravelBanScotus1_432-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TravelBanScotus1-432">[426]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The temporary order was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">Presidential Proclamation 9645</a> on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian.Oct.10.13_433-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Oct.10.13-433">[427]</a></sup> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-434" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-434">[428]</a></sup> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_435-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-435">[429]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_separation_at_border">Family separation at border</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursula_(detention_center)_1.png" class="image"><img alt="Children sitting within a wire mesh compartment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png/220px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png/330px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png/440px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_1.png 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1406" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Ursula_(detention_center)_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Children and juveniles in a wire mesh compartment, showing sleeping mats and thermal blankets on floor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg/220px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg/330px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg/440px-Ursula_%28detention_center%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="thumbcaption" style="background-color:transparent">Children sitting within a wire mesh compartment in the <a href="/wiki/Ursula_(detention_center)" title="Ursula (detention center)">Ursula detention facility</a> in <a href="/wiki/McAllen,_Texas" title="McAllen, Texas">McAllen, Texas</a>, June 2018</div></div></div></div>\n<p>The Trump administration has separated more than 5,400 migrant children from their parents at the U.S.–Mexico border while the families attempted to enter the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup> The Trump administration sharply increased the number of family separations at the border starting from the summer of 2017, before an official policy was announced in 2018; this was only publicly reported later in January 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-437" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-437">[431]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-438" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-438">[432]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In April 2018, the Trump administration announced and enacted a "<a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">zero tolerance</a>" immigration policy, whereby every adult illegally crossing the border would be criminally prosecuted.<sup id="cite_ref-Farivar_439-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farivar-439">[433]</a></sup> This resulted in family separations, as the migrant adults were put in criminal detention for prosecution, while the migrant children were taken away as unaccompanied alien minors.<sup id="cite_ref-440" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-440">[434]</a></sup> The children would be brought to immigration detention, immigrant shelters, tent camps, or metal cages, with the stated aim of releasing them to relatives or sponsors.<sup id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup> Administration officials described the policy as a deterrent against illegal immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup> Previous administrations had no such policy of generally separating migrant families with children.<sup id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The policy of family separations sparked public outrage,<sup id="cite_ref-442" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-442">[436]</a></sup> and resulted in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<sup id="cite_ref-Colvin_443-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Colvin-443">[437]</a></sup> Trump reacted by falsely asserting that his administration was merely following the law, blaming Democrats, when in fact this was his administration\'s policy.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_444-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-444">[438]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McArdle_445-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McArdle-445">[439]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarlin_446-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarlin-446">[440]</a></sup> More than 2,300 children were separated as a result of the "zero tolerance policy", the Trump administration revealed in June 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Although Trump originally argued that the issue could not be solved via executive order, he proceeded to sign an executive order on June 20, 2018, mandating that migrant families be detained together, unless the administration judged that doing so would harm the child.<sup id="cite_ref-447" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-447">[441]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-448" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-448">[442]</a></sup> On June 26, 2018, a federal judge concluded that the Trump administration had "no system in place to keep track of" the separated children, nor any effective measures for family communication and reunification;<sup id="cite_ref-449" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-449">[443]</a></sup> the judge ordered for the families to be reunited, and family separations stopped, except in the cases where the parent(s) are judged unfit to take care of the child, or if there is parental approval.<sup id="cite_ref-450" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-450">[444]</a></sup>\n</p><p>4,370 children were separated from July 2017 to June 2018, reported the Trump administration in October 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup> Even after the June 2018 federal judge order, the Trump administration continued to practice family separations, with more than a thousand migrant children separated.<sup id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Migrant_detentions">Migrant detentions</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Trump administration migrant detentions</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/220px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/330px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/440px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png 2x" data-file-width="2446" data-file-height="1534" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Overcrowded conditions for migrant families detained in <a href="/wiki/Weslaco,_Texas" title="Weslaco, Texas">Weslaco, Texas</a> were reported by inspectors from the federal government in June 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-OIGjuly2019_451-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OIGjuly2019-451">[445]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<p>The Trump administration has taken a harsher approach than previous administrations regarding migrant detentions, by allowing no exemptions for detention unlike the George W. Bush and Obama administrations.<sup id="cite_ref-davisshear_452-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-davisshear-452">[446]</a></sup> While the Obama administration already employed a high level of detentions and deportations for migrants, the Trump administration took it to a significantly higher level.<sup id="cite_ref-Ricciardelli_409-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ricciardelli-409">[403]</a></sup> In April 2018, Trump ordered an end to the "<a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release_(immigration)" title="Catch and release (immigration)">catch and release</a>" policy which released illegal immigrants from detention pending a court hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-Farivar_439-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farivar-439">[433]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Government inspectors from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General">Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General</a> conducted spot-checks of migrant detention centers in June 2018, finding that <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> "in many instances" violated federal guidelines for detaining migrant children for too long before passing them to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-453" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-453">[447]</a></sup> Meanwhile, Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan" title="Kevin McAleenan">Kevin McAleenan</a> said in March 2019 there was a "border security and a humanitarian crisis", with the system for handling migrants already at a "breaking point" due to an increase in migrants.<sup id="cite_ref-454" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-454">[448]</a></sup> The government inspectors released further reports in May 2019 and July 2019 of migrants being detained under conditions failing federal standards. They reported migrants enduring prolonged detention, "dangerous overcrowding", poor hygiene and food standards.<sup id="cite_ref-455" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-455">[449]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-456" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-456">[450]</a></sup> In June 2019 and July 2019, lawyers, a certified doctor, and lawmakers visited the migrant detention facilities, reporting a lack of supervision, traumatized children, and many sick migrants respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-457" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-457">[451]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-458" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-458">[452]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-459" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-459">[453]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The treatment of the detained migrants resulted in public indignation by July 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-460" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-460">[454]</a></sup> Also that month, Trump reacted to criticism of the migrant detentions by declaring that U.S. Border Patrol was doing a "great job", and if the migrants were unhappy about the conditions of the detention facilities, "just tell them not to come".<sup id="cite_ref-461" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-461">[455]</a></sup> Meanwhile, Vice President Pence visited an overcrowded facility, where he reacted by saying "this is tough stuff" and the system is "overwhelmed".<sup id="cite_ref-462" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-462">[456]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In August 2019, the administration attempted to change the 1997 <a href="/wiki/Flores_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Flores Agreement">Flores Agreement</a> that limits detention of migrant families to 20 days; the new policy allowing indefinite detention was blocked before it would go into effect.<sup id="cite_ref-463" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-463">[457]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span id="2018.E2.80.932019_federal_government_shutdown"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19 United States federal government shutdown</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/300px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/400px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="644" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump examines border wall prototypes in <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Otay Mesa, California">Otay Mesa, California</a>.</div></div></div>\n<p>On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a <a href="/wiki/Trump_border_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump border wall">U.S.–Mexico border wall</a> to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<sup id="cite_ref-464" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-464">[458]</a></sup> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<sup id="cite_ref-465" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-465">[459]</a></sup> Trump said he would not accept any bill that did not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation Trump would not sign.<sup id="cite_ref-466" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-466">[460]</a></sup> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<sup id="cite_ref-Nakamura-190109_467-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-190109-467">[461]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The shutdown caused an estimated 380,000 government employees to be <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">furloughed</a>, while an estimated 420,000 government employees worked without getting paid; most of the affected workers missed two paychecks.<sup id="cite_ref-468" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-468">[462]</a></sup> The shutdown resulted in a permanent loss of $3 billion to the U.S. economy, estimated the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-469" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-469">[463]</a></sup> A plurality of Americans blamed Trump for the shutdown, polls showed; the percentage increased as the shutdown continued, to around 50%. Trump\'s approval ratings also dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-470" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-470">[464]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On January 25, 2019, the Senate and the House unanimously approved a temporary funding bill that provided no funds for the wall but would provide delayed paychecks to government workers. Trump signed the bill that day, ending the shutdown at 35 days. It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_funding_gaps" title="List of United States federal funding gaps">longest U.S. government shutdown in history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-471" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-471">[465]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-472" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-472">[466]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Since the government funding was temporary, another shutdown loomed. On February 14, 2019, the Senate and the House approved a funding bill that included $1.375 billion for 55 miles of border fences, in lieu of Trump\'s intended wall.<sup id="cite_ref-473" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-473">[467]</a></sup> Trump signed the bill on February 15, 2019, just hours before another shutdown would begin.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="National_emergency_regarding_the_southern_border">National emergency regarding the southern border</span></h4>\n<p>On February 15, 2019, after Trump received from Congress only $1.375 billion for border fencing after demanding $5.7 billion for the Trump wall, Trump declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States</a>, in the hopes of getting another $6.7 billion of funds for the Trump wall without congressional approval, using funds for military construction, <a href="/wiki/Drug_interdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug interdiction">drug interdiction</a>, and money from the Treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup> In doing so, Trump acknowledged that he "didn\'t need to" declare a national emergency, but he "would rather do it much faster".<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Congress twice passed resolutions to block Trump\'s national emergency declarations, but Trump twice vetoed them, and Congress did not have enough votes override Trump\'s veto.<sup id="cite_ref-475" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-475">[469]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-476" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-476">[470]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-477" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-477">[471]</a></sup> Trump\'s decision to divert other government funding to fund the wall resulted in legal challenges. In July 2019, the Supreme Court allowed Trump to use $2.5 billion (originally meant for anti-drug programs) from the Department of Defense to build the Trump wall.<sup id="cite_ref-478" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-478">[472]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MQuinn_479-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQuinn-479">[473]</a></sup> In December 2019, a federal judge stopped the Trump administration from using $3.6 billion of military construction funds for the Trump wall.<sup id="cite_ref-MQuinn_479-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MQuinn-479">[473]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Trump_wall">Trump wall</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a></div>\n<p>As a presidential candidate, Trump insisted that along the southern border he would build a wall – not a fence – saying there is a "big difference"<sup id="cite_ref-480" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-480">[474]</a></sup> and mentioning "concrete going very high". In January 2018 he again floated the idea of solid concrete.<sup id="cite_ref-481" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-481">[475]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 2017, the Mexico-U.S. border had 654 miles of primary fencing, 37 miles of secondary fencing and 14 miles of tertiary fencing.<sup id="cite_ref-482" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-482">[476]</a></sup> Trump\'s target, from 2015 to 2017, was 1,000 miles of wall.<sup id="cite_ref-wallisawall_483-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallisawall-483">[477]</a></sup> The Trump administration set a target of 450 miles of new or renovated barriers by December 2020, with an ultimate goal of 509 miles of new or renovated barriers by August 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-484" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-484">[478]</a></sup> Even into 2020, Trump has repeatedly provided false assertions that Mexico is paying for the Trump wall, although American taxpayers are footing the bill from funds being diverted from the U.S. Department of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-485" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-485">[479]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In October 2018, the administration revealed two miles of replacement fences made of steel posts, which it called the first section of Trump\'s \'wall\', although earlier that year Border Patrol had said the project was unrelated to the Trump wall and had been long planned (dating to 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-486" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-486">[480]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-487" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-487">[481]</a></sup> In December 2018 and January 2019, Trump tweeted out a design of a steel fence, and a picture of a fence, while declaring "the wall is coming".<sup id="cite_ref-wallisawall_483-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wallisawall-483">[477]</a></sup> In February 2019, Trump said his administration had been "restricted to renovating" existing barriers, "and we need new wall".<sup id="cite_ref-488" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-488">[482]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By November 2019, the Trump administration had replaced around 78 miles of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a> along the border; these replacement barriers were not walls, but fences made of <a href="/wiki/Bollards" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollards">bollards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AlVal_489-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlVal-489">[483]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-490" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-490">[484]</a></sup> The administration in November 2019 said it had "just started breaking ground" to build new barriers in areas where no structure existed.<sup id="cite_ref-AlVal_489-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AlVal-489">[483]</a></sup> By May 2020, the Trump administration had replaced 172 miles of dilapidated or outdated design barriers, and constructed 15 miles of new border barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-491" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-491">[485]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/220px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/330px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/440px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="1867" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> and other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a> in France, 2019</div></div></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/220px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/330px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/440px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump, King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>, and Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">2017 Riyadh summit</a> in Saudi Arabia</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cassidy_492-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassidy-492">[486]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rucker_493-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-493">[487]</a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/American_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="American nationalist">American nationalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-494">[488]</a></sup> He has repeatedly said he supports an "<a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a>" foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-495" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-495">[489]</a></sup> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<sup id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-494">[488]</a></sup> but favors decreasing United States spending on <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and in the Pacific region.<sup id="cite_ref-496" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-496">[490]</a></sup> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<sup id="cite_ref-rucker_493-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-493">[487]</a></sup>\n</p><p>His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of <a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">neo-nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Strongman_(politics)" title="Strongman (politics)">strongmen</a> and criticism of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">democratically-led governments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-497" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-497">[491]</a></sup> Trump has cited China\'s president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-498" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-498">[492]</a></sup> Philippines president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-499" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-499">[493]</a></sup> Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-500" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-500">[494]</a></sup> Turkey\'s president <a href="/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-501" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-501">[495]</a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-502" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-502">[496]</a></sup> Italy\'s prime minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-503" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-503">[497]</a></sup> Brazil\'s president <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-504" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-504">[498]</a></sup> Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wapost-modi_505-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wapost-modi-505">[499]</a></sup> and Hungarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> as examples of good leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-506" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-506">[500]</a></sup> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-507" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-507">[501]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-508" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-508">[502]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span id="ISIS.2C_Syria.2C_and_Afghanistan"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="ISIS,_Syria,_and_Afghanistan">ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan</span></h4>\n<p>In April 2017, Trump ordered a <a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">missile strike</a> against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike_509-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike-509">[503]</a></sup> According to investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a>, Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate <a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">Syrian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<sup id="cite_ref-510" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-510">[504]</a></sup> In April 2018, he announced <a href="/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs">missile strikes</a> against Assad\'s regime, following a suspected chemical attack near <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-511" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-511">[505]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<sup id="cite_ref-512" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-512">[506]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-513" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-513">[507]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-514" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-514">[508]</a></sup> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of <a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Kurd allies</a> who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<sup id="cite_ref-515" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-515">[509]</a></sup> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-516" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-516">[510]</a></sup> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America\'s Kurdish allies.<sup id="cite_ref-517" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-517">[511]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump actively supported the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Houthis" class="mw-redirect" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-prince_518-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-518">[512]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-519" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-519">[513]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Phelps-170520_520-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phelps-170520-520">[514]</a></sup> Trump also praised his relationship with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>\'s powerful Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prince_518-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prince-518">[512]</a></sup>\n</p><p>U.S. troop numbers in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> increased from 8,500 to 14,000, as of January 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-521" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-521">[515]</a></sup> reversing his pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-522" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-522">[516]</a></sup> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<sup id="cite_ref-523" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-523">[517]</a></sup> On February 29, 2020, the Trump administration signed a conditional <a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">peace agreement with the Taliban</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-524" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-524">[518]</a></sup> which calls for the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Afghanistan" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan">withdrawal of foreign troops</a> in 14 months if the Taliban uphold the terms of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-525" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-525">[519]</a></sup> Trump said "it is time" to bring U.S. soldiers home from Afghanistan.<sup id="cite_ref-526" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-526">[520]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_(49060819653).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_(49060819653).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with Turkish president Erdoğan in November 2019</div></div></div>\n<p>In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, the White House acknowledged Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S. troops in northern Syria</a> were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area\'s captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-527" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-527">[521]</a></sup> In the following days, Trump suggested the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested they were fighting only for their own financial interests, suggested some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<sup id="cite_ref-528" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-528">[522]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a>, and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad\'s Syrian regime.<sup id="cite_ref-529" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-529">[523]</a></sup> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<sup id="cite_ref-530" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-530">[524]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-531" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-531">[525]</a></sup> After the U.S. pullout, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-532" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-532">[526]</a></sup> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump\'s withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria for "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<sup id="cite_ref-533" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-533">[527]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-534" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-534">[528]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In November 2019, Trump ordered U.S. troops to secure the oil fields in eastern Syria, then said any remaining U.S. troops in Syria were there "only for the oil", and that the U.S. was "keeping the oil". Seizing oil without local government permission would be a war crime of <a href="/wiki/Pillage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pillage">pillage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-535" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-535">[529]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-536" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-536">[530]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations#2017–present:_Trump_administration" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran–United States relations § 2017–present: Trump administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Persian_Gulf_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis">2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/220px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/330px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/440px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstrations in Iran over the death of <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> during the U.S attack on the Baghdad airport in Iraq on January 3, 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime", although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<sup id="cite_ref-537" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-537">[531]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-538" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538">[532]</a></sup> He has repeatedly criticized the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<sup id="cite_ref-KatyTurIranInterview_539-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KatyTurIranInterview-539">[533]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[534]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-541" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-541">[535]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Following Iran\'s missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-542" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-542">[536]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-543" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-543">[537]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-544" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-544">[538]</a></sup> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May <a href="/wiki/2017_Brussels_summit" title="2017 Brussels summit">2017 Brussels summit</a>; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-545" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-545">[539]</a></sup> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America\'s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> (CAATSA) that grouped together <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">sanctions against Iran</a>, Russia, and North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-546" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-546">[540]</a></sup> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">the United States\' unilateral departure</a> from the JCPOA.<sup id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[534]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a> called "genocidal taunts".<sup id="cite_ref-Budryk-190519_547-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budryk-190519-547">[541]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chamberlain-190519_548-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-190519-548">[542]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wintour-190520_549-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wintour-190520-549">[543]</a></sup> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> are allies in the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">conflict with Iran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-550" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-550">[544]</a></sup> Trump approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">attack on Saudi oil facilities</a> which the United States has blamed on Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-551" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-551">[545]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On January 2, 2020, Trump ordered <a href="/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">a targeted U.S. airstrike</a>, which killed Iranian <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC</a> <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> and Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis" title="Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis">Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis</a>, as well as eight other people.<sup id="cite_ref-552" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-552">[546]</a></sup> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites, or react "in a disproportionate manner" if Iran retaliated; though such attacks by the U.S. would violate international law as war crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-553" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-553">[547]</a></sup> On January 8, Iran retaliated by launching airstrikes on <a href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Asad Air Base">Al Asad Air Base</a> in Iraq; initially the Trump administration claimed no Americans suffered injuries, then Trump said injuries were not "very serious", but by February 2020, more than a hundred <a href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Traumatic brain injuries">traumatic brain injuries</a> were diagnosed in U.S. troops.<sup id="cite_ref-554" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-554">[548]</a></sup> Iran issues an <a href="/wiki/Interpol_notice" title="Interpol notice">arrest warrant</a> for 36 U.S. political and military officials, including President Trump, for their role in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-555" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-555">[549]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel">Israel</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–present)" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel–United States relations § Trump administration (2017–present)</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, May 2017</div></div></div>\n<p>Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-556" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-556">[550]</a></sup> He officially <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a> on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in May 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-557" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-557">[551]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-558" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-558">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<sup id="cite_ref-559" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-559">[553]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-560" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-560">[554]</a></sup> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Israel\'s annexation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-561" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-561">[555]</a></sup> a move condemned by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-562" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-562">[556]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump's_presidency_(2017–)" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § Trump\'s presidency (2017–)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></div>\n<p>Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-563" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-563">[557]</a></sup> During his presidency, Trump has <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">launched a trade war against China</a>, sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> for its alleged ties to Iran,<sup id="cite_ref-564" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-564">[558]</a></sup> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<sup id="cite_ref-565" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-565">[559]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-566" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-566">[560]</a></sup> and classified China as a "<a href="/wiki/Currency_manipulator" title="Currency manipulator">currency manipulator</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-567" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-567">[561]</a></sup> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a <a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">new cold war</a> between China and the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-568" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-568">[562]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-569" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-569">[563]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-570" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-570">[564]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump said he resisted punishing China for its <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">human rights abuses</a> against ethnic minorities in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region for fear of jeopardizing U.S.-China trade negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-571" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-571">[565]</a></sup> On July 9, 2020, Trump imposed <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" title="United States sanctions">sanctions</a> and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including <a href="/wiki/Chen_Quanguo" title="Chen Quanguo">Chen Quanguo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-572" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-572">[566]</a></sup> a member of China\'s powerful <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of China">Politburo of the Communist Party</a>, who expanded mass <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_re-education_camps" title="Xinjiang re-education camps">detention camps</a> holding more than a million members of the country\'s <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslim</a> minority.<sup id="cite_ref-573" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-573">[567]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Korea">North Korea</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea–United States relations</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/220px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/330px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/440px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1725" data-file-height="1150" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump meets <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> at <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">the Singapore summit</a>, June 2018.</div></div></div>\n<p>In 2017, North Korea\'s nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-scarier_574-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scarier-574">[568]</a></sup> In August 2017, Trump escalated his rhetoric, warning that North Korean threats would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<sup id="cite_ref-Windrem_575-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windrem-575">[569]</a></sup> North Korea responded by releasing plans for missile tests that would land near <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-576" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-576">[570]</a></sup> In September 2017, Trump addressed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, saying the U.S. would "totally destroy North Korea" if "forced" to defend itself or its allies.<sup id="cite_ref-577" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-577">[571]</a></sup> Also in September 2017, Trump increased sanctions on North Korea, declared that he wanted North Korea\'s "complete denuclearization", and engaged in <a href="/wiki/Name-calling" class="mw-redirect" title="Name-calling">name-calling</a> with leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Windrem_575-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windrem-575">[569]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-578" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-578">[572]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In March 2018, Trump immediately agreed to Kim\'s proposal for a meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-579" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-579">[573]</a></sup> On June 12, 2018, <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Trump and Kim met in Singapore</a>, with Kim affirming his intention "to work toward complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula".<sup id="cite_ref-580" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-580">[574]</a></sup>\n</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">second Trump–Kim summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> in February 2019, was terminated abruptly without an agreement; both countries blamed each other and offered differing accounts of the negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-581" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-581">[575]</a></sup> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> held <a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">brief talks</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>, marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. Trump and Kim agreed to resume negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-582" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-582">[576]</a></sup> Bilateral talks began in Stockholm in October 2019, but broke down after one day.<sup id="cite_ref-583" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-583">[577]</a></sup> As of May 2020, North Korea has shown no indication that it is willing to unilaterally denuclearize.<sup id="cite_ref-584" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-584">[578]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Russia">Russia</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States relations</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48144045996).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48144045996).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Putin and Trump at the <a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">G20 Osaka summit</a>, June 2019</div></div></div>\n<p>During his campaign and as president, Trump has repeatedly asserted that he desires better relations with Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-585" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-585">[579]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-586" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-586">[580]</a></sup> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its <a href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Military intervention against ISIL">fight against ISIS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-587" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-587">[581]</a></sup> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">U.S.–Russian relations</a>, which were already at the lowest level since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-588" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-588">[582]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-589" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-589">[583]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-590" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-590">[584]</a></sup>\n</p><p>As president, Trump has criticized Russia about Syria,<sup id="cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syria-blame-591">[585]</a></sup> Ukraine,<sup id="cite_ref-592" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-592">[586]</a></sup> North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-593" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-593">[587]</a></sup> Venezuela,<sup id="cite_ref-594" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-594">[588]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">Skripal poisoning</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-595" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-595">[589]</a></sup> but has sent mixed messages regarding Crimea.<sup id="cite_ref-596" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-596">[590]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-597" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-597">[591]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-598" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-598">[592]</a></sup> He forbade U.S. oil companies from drilling in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-599" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-599">[593]</a></sup> Businesses involved in the <a href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">gas pipeline</a> from Russia to Germany have been sanctioned by the Trump administration with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2020" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020</a> on December 20, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-600" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-600">[594]</a></sup> Trump said the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, owned by Russia\'s <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>, could turn Germany into a "hostage of Russia".<sup id="cite_ref-601" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-601">[595]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Amidst continuing growth of China\'s missile forces, President Trump announced on October 20, 2018 that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> due to supposed Russian non-compliance,<sup id="cite_ref-602" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-602">[596]</a></sup> a move criticized by the former Soviet President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, who signed the treaty in 1987 with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-603" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-603">[597]</a></sup> \n</p><p>Trump has repeatedly praised Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>; criticism of Putin by Trump was uncommon.<sup id="cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BakerAugust10-604">[598]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Syria-blame-591">[585]</a></sup> As a presidential candidate, Trump continually reiterated that Putin is a strong leader.<sup id="cite_ref-605" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-605">[599]</a></sup> When Putin in August 2017 expelled over half of the staff of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Moscow" title="Embassy of the United States, Moscow">American embassy in Russia</a> in retaliation for <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Sanctions Act (CAATSA)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-606" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-606">[600]</a></sup> which imposed new sanctions on Russia, President Trump responded by thanking Putin, saying "We\'ll save a lot of money", instead of criticizing him.<sup id="cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BakerAugust10-604">[598]</a></sup> After Trump met Putin at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki Summit</a> on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin\'s denial of <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election">Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election</a>, rather than accepting the findings of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_intelligence_community" class="mw-redirect" title="United States intelligence community">United States intelligence community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zurcher_607-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zurcher-607">[601]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-608" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-608">[602]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-break_609-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-break-609">[603]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cuba">Cuba</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba–United States relations</a></div>\n<p>In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration\'s <a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">loosening of restrictions</a>. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<sup id="cite_ref-610" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-610">[604]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Venezuela">Venezuela</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">United States–Venezuela relations</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_(49494079201).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_(49494079201).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>\'s opposition leader and interim president, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, at the White House, February 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-611" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-611">[605]</a></sup> In September 2018, Trump called for "the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<sup id="cite_ref-612" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-612">[606]</a></sup> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was <a href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis">breaking ties</a> with the United States following Trump\'s announcement of recognizing <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<sup id="cite_ref-613" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-613">[607]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="NATO">NATO</span></h4>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/330px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/440px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a>, April 2017</div></div></div>\n<p>As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">security guarantees to NATO members</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-614" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-614">[608]</a></sup> and suggested he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-615" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-615">[609]</a></sup> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017;<sup id="cite_ref-616" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-616">[610]</a></sup> however, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-617" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-617">[611]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In January 2019, <i>The New York Times</i> quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<sup id="cite_ref-618" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-618">[612]</a></sup> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<sup id="cite_ref-619" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-619">[613]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel">Personnel</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Political appointments by Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">Formation of Donald Trump\'s Cabinet</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cabinet meeting, March 2017</div></div></div>\n<p>The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump\'s first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<sup id="cite_ref-Trimble_620-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble-620">[614]</a></sup> As of early July 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 61 percent of Trump\'s senior aides had left<sup id="cite_ref-Wise_-180702_621-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wise_-180702-621">[615]</a></sup> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<sup id="cite_ref-622" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-622">[616]</a></sup> Both figures set a record for recent presidents – more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_623-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-623">[617]</a></sup> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a>, replaced by retired Marine general <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> on July 28, 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-Baker_624-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-624">[618]</a></sup> and Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Keith_623-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-623">[617]</a></sup> Close personal aides to Trump such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">John McEntee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Schiller" title="Keith Schiller">Keith Schiller</a>, have quit or been forced out.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_625-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-625">[619]</a></sup> Some, like Hicks and McEntee, later returned to the White House in different posts.<sup id="cite_ref-626" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-626">[620]</a></sup> Trump has disparaged several of his former top officials as incompetent, stupid, or crazy.<sup id="cite_ref-627" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-627">[621]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-628" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-628">[622]</a></sup> financier <a href="/wiki/Steve_Mnuchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Mnuchin">Steve Mnuchin</a> as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-629" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-629">[623]</a></sup> retired Marine Corps general <a href="/wiki/James_Mattis" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mattis">James Mattis</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-630" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-630">[624]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-631" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-631">[625]</a></sup> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-632" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-632">[626]</a></sup> and South Carolina governor <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-633" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-633">[627]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Two of Trump\'s 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary <a href="/wiki/Tom_Price_(American_politician)" title="Tom Price (American politician)">Tom Price</a> was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<sup id="cite_ref-634" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-634">[628]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brookings_625-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-625">[619]</a></sup> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<sup id="cite_ref-Hersher-180705_635-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hersher-180705-635">[629]</a></sup> while Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a> resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-636" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-636">[630]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-637" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-637">[631]</a></sup> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<sup id="cite_ref-638" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-638">[632]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Dismissal_of_James_Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</span></h4>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a></div>\n<p>On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Apuzzo_639-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apuzzo-639">[633]</a></sup> which criticized Comey\'s conduct in the investigation about <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy#October_2016_–_Additional_investigation" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton\'s emails</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian-20170509_640-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-20170509-640">[634]</a></sup> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett-20170511_641-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-20170511-641">[635]</a></sup> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<sup id="cite_ref-theweek-20170511_642-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theweek-20170511-642">[636]</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to a <a href="/wiki/Comey_memo" class="mw-redirect" title="Comey memo">Comey memo</a> of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilber_643-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilber-643">[637]</a></sup>\nIn March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<sup id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_644-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-644">[638]</a></sup> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-schmidt_645-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schmidt-645">[639]</a></sup> He also asked intelligence chiefs <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael Rogers</a> to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<sup id="cite_ref-Sciutto_646-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sciutto-646">[640]</a></sup> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-Dilanian_647-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dilanian-647">[641]</a></sup> Comey eventually testified on June<span class="nowrap"> </span>8 that, while he was director, the FBI investigations had not targeted Trump himself.<sup id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_644-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-644">[638]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt-20110608_648-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20110608-648">[642]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law on March 6, 2020.</div></div></div>\n<p>In December 2019, an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19) was first identified in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China, spreading worldwide within weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic2_649-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic2-649">[643]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-650" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-650">[644]</a></sup> The first confirmed case in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-651" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-651">[645]</a></sup> On January 31, <a href="/wiki/Health_and_Human_Services_Secretary" class="mw-redirect" title="Health and Human Services Secretary">Health and Human Services Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> announced a partial ban on non-Americans traveling to the U.S. from China, effective February 2.<sup id="cite_ref-Cloud-200419<ref_652-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cloud-200419<ref-652">[646]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump was slow to address the pandemic, initially dismissing the imminent threat and ignoring calls for action from government health experts and Secretary Azar.<sup id="cite_ref-Cloud-200419_653-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cloud-200419-653">[647]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_4_11_20_654-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-654">[648]</a></sup> Throughout January and February, he rejected persistent public health warnings from officials within his administration, focusing instead on economic and political considerations of the outbreak.<sup id="cite_ref-Kelly-200321_655-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-200321-655">[649]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_4_11_20_654-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-654">[648]</a></sup> He continued to claim that a vaccine was months away, although HHS and CDC officials had repeatedly told him it would take 12–18 months to develop a vaccine.<sup id="cite_ref-656" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-656">[650]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allen-200305_657-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-200305-657">[651]</a></sup> Trump also exaggerated the availability of testing for the virus, falsely claiming "anybody that wants a test can get a test," despite the availability of tests being severely limited.<sup id="cite_ref-658" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-658">[652]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP-200411_659-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-200411-659">[653]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On March 6, Trump signed the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law, which provided $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-660" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-660">[654]</a></sup> On March 11, he announced partial travel restrictions for most of Europe, effective March 13.<sup id="cite_ref-661" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-661">[655]</a></sup> That same day, he gave his first serious assessment of the virus ("horrible") in a nationwide Oval Office address; he also said the outbreak was "a temporary moment" and that there was no financial crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-662" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-662">[656]</a></sup> On March 13, he declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a>, freeing up federal resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Politico_3_13_2020_663-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Politico_3_13_2020-663">[657]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frum_April_2020_664-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frum_April_2020-664">[658]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-665" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-665">[659]</a></sup> In a March 16 press conference, Trump acknowledged for the first time the pandemic was "not under control", the situation was "bad", and that months of disruption to daily lives and a recession might occur.<sup id="cite_ref-666" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-666">[660]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_(49890718362).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/220px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/330px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/440px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_(49890718362).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>White House coronavirus update briefing, May 11, 2020</div></div></div>\n<p>Beginning in mid-March, Trump held a daily press conference, joined by medical experts and other administration officials,<sup id="cite_ref-Karni_667-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karni-667">[661]</a></sup> sometimes disagreeing with them by promoting unproven treatments.<sup id="cite_ref-668" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-668">[662]</a></sup> Trump was the main speaker at the briefings, where he praised his own response to the pandemic, frequently criticized rival presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, and denounced members of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_press_corps" title="White House press corps">White House press corps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karni_667-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karni-667">[661]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-669" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-669">[663]</a></sup> On April 3, Trump announced that the federal government would use funds from the <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a> to pay hospitals for treatment of uninsured patients infected with the coronavirus.<sup id="cite_ref-670" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-670">[664]</a></sup> His repeated use of the terms "Chinese virus" and "China virus" to describe <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> drew criticism from the media, health experts, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), and the Chinese government.<sup id="cite_ref-671" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-671">[665]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-672" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-672">[666]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-673" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-673">[667]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By early April, as the pandemic worsened and amid criticism of his administration\'s response, Trump refused to admit any mistakes in his handling the outbreak, instead blaming the media, Democratic state governors, the previous administration, China, and the World Health Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-674" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-674">[668]</a></sup> Although the allegations blaming the WHO were not substantiated, at the end of May 2020 Trump announced that the United States would terminate its relationship with that organization.<sup id="cite_ref-675" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-675">[669]</a></sup> By mid-April 2020, some national news agencies began limiting live coverage of his daily press briefings, with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reporting that "<a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propagandistic</a> and false statements from Trump alternate with newsworthy pronouncements from members of his <a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">coronavirus task force</a>, particularly coronavirus response coordinator <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> Director <a href="/wiki/Anthony_S._Fauci" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony S. Fauci">Anthony S. Fauci</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-676" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-676">[670]</a></sup> \n</p><p>On April 22, Trump signed an executive order restricting some forms of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration to the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-677" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-677">[671]</a></sup> In April 2020, Republican-connected groups organized <a href="/wiki/Protests_in_the_United_States_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests in the United States over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">anti-lockdown protests</a> against the measures state governments were taking to combat the pandemic;<sup id="cite_ref-Grauniad-Right_678-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grauniad-Right-678">[672]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-679" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-679">[673]</a></sup> Trump encouraged the protests on Twitter,<sup id="cite_ref-680" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-680">[674]</a></sup> even though the targeted states did not meet the Trump administration\'s own guidelines for reopening.<sup id="cite_ref-681" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-681">[675]</a></sup> He first supported, then later criticized Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a>\'s plan to reopen some nonessential businesses,<sup id="cite_ref-682" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-682">[676]</a></sup> which was a key example of Trump often reversing his stances in his communication during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-683" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-683">[677]</a></sup> Throughout the spring he increasingly pushed for ending the restrictions as a way to reverse the damage to the country\'s economy.<sup id="cite_ref-684" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-684">[678]</a></sup> In early July he began insisting that all states should open schools to in-person education in the fall, despite a July spike in reported cases.<sup id="cite_ref-685" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-685">[679]</a></sup> \n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_(50044008817).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5808" data-file-height="3872" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_(50044008817).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>\'s president <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> was the first foreign leader to travel to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-686" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-686">[680]</a></sup></div></div></div>\n<p>For months, Trump refused to wear a face mask at press conferences and most public events, contrary to his own administration\'s April 2020 guidance that Americans should wear masks in public.<sup id="cite_ref-687" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-687">[681]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99days_688-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99days-688">[682]</a></sup> By June, Trump had stated that masks were a "double-edged sword", ridiculed Biden for wearing one, continually emphasized that mask-wearing was optional, and suggested that wearing a mask is a political statement against him personally.<sup id="cite_ref-689" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-689">[683]</a></sup> Trump first showed himself wearing a face mask in public in July 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed National Military Medical Center</a>, 99 days after the CDC\'s recommendation that Americans should do so.<sup id="cite_ref-99days_688-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99days-688">[682]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In September 2019, the Trump administration ended a 200-million-dollar early-warning program, <a href="/wiki/PREDICT_(USAID)" title="PREDICT (USAID)">PREDICT</a>, initiated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> in 2009;<sup id="cite_ref-690" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-690">[684]</a></sup> dozens of epidemiologists and wildlife veterinarians working for partner organizations were laid off.<sup id="cite_ref-691" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-691">[685]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-692" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-692">[686]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-693" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-693">[687]</a></sup> The program trained scientists in sixty foreign laboratories, including the Wuhan lab that first identified the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19, to detect and respond to viruses that have the potential to cause pandemics. On April 1, 2020, USAID extended the program for six months.<sup id="cite_ref-694" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-694">[688]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-695" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-695">[689]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The daily coronavirus task force briefings were wound down in late April, after Trump at one of the briefings floated the idea of using bleach injections to treat COVID-19, leading to widespread condemnation by medical professionals for the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-696" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-696">[690]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-697" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-697">[691]</a></sup> In early May, President Trump proposed that the coronavirus task force should be phased out, to accommodate another group centered on reopening the economy. Amid a backlash, Trump publicly said the coronavirus task force would continue on "indefinitely".<sup id="cite_ref-698" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-698">[692]</a></sup> By the end of May, the coronavirus task force\'s meetings were sharply reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-699" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-699">[693]</a></sup> Despite record numbers of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. from mid-June onward and an increasing percentage of positive test results, Trump continued to mostly downplay the pandemic, including his claim in early July 2020 that 99% of COVID-19 cases are "totally harmless", a claim which contradicts health officials in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-700" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-700">[694]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lafayette_Square_protester_removal_and_photo_op">Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John\'s Church</a></div>\n<table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 300px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><caption>External video</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYmILDya0A"><span class="plainlinks">A video timeline of the crackdown on protesters before Trump\'s photo op</span></a> on YouTube (The Washington Post) (12:12)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oRQF68psdY"><span class="plainlinks">Trump Stands In Front of Church Holding Bible After Threatening Military Action Against Protesters</span></a> on YouTube (NBC) (2:40)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ShnqmiKLE8"><span class="plainlinks">President Trump walks across Lafayette Park to St. John\'s Church</span></a> on YouTube <span class="nowrap">(C-SPAN)</span> (7:46)</td></tr></tbody></table> \n<p>In a Rose Garden speech on June 1, 2020, Trump threatened that he would deploy the U.S. military in U.S. cities and states not taking "the actions necessary to defend the life and property of their residents" in reaction to <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">mass protests and civil unrest</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" title="Killing of George Floyd">police killing of George Floyd</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-701" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-701">[695]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-702" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-702">[696]</a></sup> While he was speaking, federal law enforcement officials used batons, rubber bullets, <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray projectiles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-wb_703-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stun_grenade" title="Stun grenade">stun grenades</a>, and smoke to remove a largely peaceful crowd from <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a>, outside the White House. The removal had been ordered by Attorney General <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_703-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bumpline_704-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bumpline-704">[698]</a></sup> Trump then walked to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John\'s Episcopal Church</a> where the night before a small fire had been set in the basement nursery of its <a href="/wiki/Parish_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish house">parish house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-705" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-705">[699]</a></sup> He posed for photographs holding a Bible, with Cabinet members and other officials later joining him in photos.<sup id="cite_ref-wb_703-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bumpline_704-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bumpline-704">[698]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-706" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-706">[700]</a></sup> Trump, who had not attended the church since his inauguration, did not enter it or inspect the damage to the basement.<sup id="cite_ref-707" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-707">[701]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clash_708-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup> \n</p><p>Religious leaders condemned the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.<sup id="cite_ref-709" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-709">[703]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clash_708-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup> Many retired military leaders and defense officials condemned Trump\'s proposal to use the U.S. military against the protesters.<sup id="cite_ref-clash_708-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-710" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-710">[704]</a></sup> The chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark A. Milley">Mark A. Milley</a>, later apologized for accompanying Trump on the walk and thereby "creat[ing] the perception of the military involved in domestic politics".<sup id="cite_ref-apology_711-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apology-711">[705]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_profile">Public profile</span></h2>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration</a></div>\n<p>Polling in 2019 suggested Trump was the most unpopular president since Harry Truman.<sup id="cite_ref-712" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-712">[706]</a></sup> At the end of his second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-713" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-713">[707]</a></sup> As of February 2020, his Gallup rating has ranged from a low of 35% approval to a high of 49%.<sup id="cite_ref-714" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-714">[708]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-715" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-715">[709]</a></sup> His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.<sup id="cite_ref-716" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-716">[710]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-717" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-717">[711]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In Gallup\'s end-of-year <a href="/wiki/Gallup%27s_most_admired_man_and_woman_poll" title="Gallup's most admired man and woman poll">poll</a> asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-gallup1678_718-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gallup1678-718">[712]</a></sup> Trump is the first elected president not to be named most admired in his first year in office.<sup id="cite_ref-719" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-719">[713]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_media">Social media</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Donald Trump on social media</a></div>\n<p>Trump\'s presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump\'s Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<sup id="cite_ref-720" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-720">[714]</a></sup>\n</p><p>By the end of May 2020, Trump had written about 52,000 tweets.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup> Counted through the Trump Twitter Archive, these include 22,115 tweets over seven years before his presidential candidacy, 8,159 tweets during the ​<span class="frac nowrap">1<span class="visualhide"> </span><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> years of his candidacy and transition period, and 14,186 tweets over the first three years of his presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-722" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-722">[716]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<sup id="cite_ref-federalist-sidelining_723-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-federalist-sidelining-723">[717]</a></sup> Since early in his presidency, his tweets have been considered official statements by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-724" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-724">[718]</a></sup> employed for announcing policy or personnel changes. In March 2018, Trump fired his Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> by Twitter.<sup id="cite_ref-725" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-725">[719]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20170427_726-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20170427-726">[720]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WP-20170501_727-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20170501-727">[721]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CT-20170624_728-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CT-20170624-728">[722]</a></sup> \n</p><p>In May 2020, Twitter began tagging some Trump tweets with fact checking warnings<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Twitter_refutes_729-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Twitter_refutes-729">[723]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-first_label_730-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first_label-730">[724]</a></sup> and labels for violations of Twitter rules.<sup id="cite_ref-second_label_731-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second_label-731">[725]</a></sup> Trump responded by threatening to "strongly regulate" or even "close down" social media platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lashing_out_732-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lashing_out-732">[726]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="False_statements">False statements</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements by Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/330px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="208" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/495px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/660px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png 2x" data-file-width="2775" data-file-height="1750" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Fact-checkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checkers">Fact-checkers</a> from <i>The Washington Post</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733">[727]</a></sup> the <i>Toronto Star</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-TorontoStar_20190605_734-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar_20190605-734">[728]</a></sup> and CNN<sup id="cite_ref-Dale_20200309_735-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_20200309-735">[729]</a></sup> compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.</div></div></div>\n<p>As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<sup id="cite_ref-Qiu_736-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-736">[730]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KesslerLee_737-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KesslerLee-737">[731]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-738" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-738">[732]</a></sup> The misinformation has been documented by <a href="/wiki/Fact-checker" class="mw-redirect" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<sup id="cite_ref-unprecedenteduntruths_739-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unprecedenteduntruths-739">[733]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-740">[734]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konnikova_261-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-261">[257]</a></sup> This behavior was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-741" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-741">[735]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-742" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-742">[736]</a></sup> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<sup id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-740">[734]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to <i>The New York Times</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Qiu_736-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-736">[730]</a></sup> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of <i>The Washington Post</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-743" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-743">[737]</a></sup> By the <i>Post</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler-190429_744-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler-190429-744">[738]</a></sup> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<sup id="cite_ref-745" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-745">[739]</a></sup> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<sup id="cite_ref-746" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-746">[740]</a></sup> The <i>Post</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s reported tally is 20,055 as of July 9, 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733">[727]</a></sup> with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-747" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-747">[741]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Some of Trump\'s falsehoods are inconsequential, such as his claims of a large crowd size during his inauguration.<sup id="cite_ref-PolitiFact_1/21/2017_748-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PolitiFact_1/21/2017-748">[742]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rein_3/6/2017_749-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rein_3/6/2017-749">[743]</a></sup> Others have had more far reaching effects, such as Trump\'s promotion of unproven antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID‑19 in a press conference and on Twitter in March 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20200319washingtonpost_750-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200319washingtonpost-750">[744]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-March19Briefing_751-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-March19Briefing-751">[745]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-M.Spring_752-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M.Spring-752">[746]</a></sup> The claims had consequences worldwide, such as a shortage of these drugs in the United States and <a href="/wiki/Panic-buying" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic-buying">panic-buying</a> in Africa and South Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-20200323washingtonpost_753-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20200323washingtonpost-753">[747]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsj1158498189_754-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158498189-754">[748]</a></sup> The state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> obtained nearly a million doses for its hospitals, even though most of them did not want the drug.<sup id="cite_ref-Atterbury-Dixon_755-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Atterbury-Dixon-755">[749]</a></sup> Other misinformation, such as Trump\'s retweet of unverified videos of a far-right British nationalist group in November 2017, serves a domestic political purpose, promoting policies on immigration and border security.<sup id="cite_ref-AZurcher_756-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AZurcher-756">[750]</a></sup> As a matter of principle, Trump does not apologize for his falsehoods.<sup id="cite_ref-JAllen_757-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAllen-757">[751]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Despite the frequency of Trump\'s falsehoods, the media have rarely referred to them as "lies".<sup id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> The word suggests an attempt to deceive, hence if used could be construed as conveying an opinion as to the intent behind the statement.<sup id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> The word is fraught with political peril and has usually been avoided out of respect for the presidential office.<sup id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> Nevertheless, in August 2018 <i>The Washington Post</i> declared for the first time that some of Trump\'s misstatements (statements concerning hush money paid to <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> and <i>Playboy</i> model <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a>) were lies.<sup id="cite_ref-GKessler_760-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GKessler-760">[754]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> Former Secretary of State for <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, who had never used the word in reference to any previous president, said in June 2020 that Trump "lies all the time".<sup id="cite_ref-SBecket_761-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SBecket-761">[755]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Some view the nature and frequency of Trump\'s falsehoods as having profound and corrosive consequences on democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-MTomasky_762-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTomasky-762">[756]</a></sup> James Pfiffner, professor of policy and government at George Mason University, wrote in 2019 that Trump lies differently from previous presidents, because he offers "egregious false statements that are demonstrably contrary to well-known facts"; these lies are the "most important" of all Trump lies. By calling facts into question, people will be unable to properly evaluate their government, with beliefs irrationally settled by "political power"; this erodes <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>, wrote Pfiffner.<sup id="cite_ref-Pfiffner_763-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pfiffner-763">[757]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Relationship_with_the_press">Relationship with the press</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Relationship_with_the_news_media" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump § Relationship with the news media</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump talking to the press, March 2017</div></div></div>\n<p>Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-Parnes_764-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parnes-764">[758]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ingram-160301_765-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram-160301-765">[759]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AN-170124_766-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AN-170124-766">[760]</a></sup> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Dantonio-160710_767-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dantonio-160710-767">[761]</a></sup> Fox News anchor <a href="/wiki/Bret_Baier" title="Bret Baier">Bret Baier</a> and former House speaker <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people\'s "heads explode".<sup id="cite_ref-768" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-768">[762]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-769" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-769">[763]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254">[250]</a></sup> <i>New York Times</i> writer <a href="/wiki/Amy_Chozick" title="Amy Chozick">Amy Chozick</a> wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump\'s appeal was his media dominance, which enthralls the public. Chozick endorsed the view that with Trump "feeding something every night" there is a "can\'t miss" nature for media coverage of him, akin to a reality show.<sup id="cite_ref-ChozickNYT_770-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChozickNYT-770">[764]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-251">[247]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-771" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-771">[765]</a></sup> After winning the election, journalist <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Stahl" title="Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl</a> recounted Trump saying he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<sup id="cite_ref-772" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-772">[766]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters\' White House press credentials.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_773-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-773">[767]</a></sup> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_774-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-774">[768]</a></sup> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-775" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-775">[769]</a></sup> The Trump White House held about a hundred formal press briefings in 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_774-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-774">[768]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In early 2020, the Trump campaign sued <i>The New York Times</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, and CNN for alleged defamation.<sup id="cite_ref-776" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-776">[770]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-777" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-777">[771]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial_views">Racial views</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>Trump has made numerous comments and actions that have been characterized both within the U.S. and abroad as racially charged or racist.<sup id="cite_ref-778" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-778">[772]</a></sup> He has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting: "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-779" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-779">[773]</a></sup> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>, while others accept it because they share such beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-780" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-780">[774]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_781-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-781">[775]</a></sup> Scholars have discussed Trump\'s rhetoric in the context of <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-782" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-782">[776]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-783" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-783">[777]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-784" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-784">[778]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-785" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-785">[779]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-786" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-786">[780]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump\'s political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<sup id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_781-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-781">[775]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vox-20171215_787-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vox-20171215-787">[781]</a></sup> Racist and <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">islamophobic</a> attitudes have been shown to be a powerful indicator of support for Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-788" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-788">[782]</a></sup> In a June 2018 <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcin_789-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcin-789">[783]</a></sup> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<sup id="cite_ref-Quinnipiac-180703_790-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinnipiac-180703-790">[784]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case" title="Central Park jogger case">Central Park jogger case</a>, even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-791" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-791">[785]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">"birther" conspiracy theories</a> alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-792" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-792">[786]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-793" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-793">[787]</a></sup> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".<sup id="cite_ref-Madison27April_794-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madison27April-794">[788]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-795" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-795">[789]</a></sup> In September 2016, amid pressure, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S. and falsely claimed the rumors had been started by <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> during <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">her 2008 presidential campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-drops_796-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-drops-796">[790]</a></sup> In 2017, he reportedly still expressed birther views in private.<sup id="cite_ref-797" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-797">[791]</a></sup>\n</p><p>According to an analysis in <i><a href="/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly" title="Political Science Quarterly">Political Science Quarterly</a></i>, Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-798" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-798">[792]</a></sup> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they\'re bringing crime, they\'re rapists".<sup id="cite_ref-799" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-799">[793]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-800" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-800">[794]</a></sup> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> were also criticized as racist.<sup id="cite_ref-801" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-801">[795]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><div id="mwe_player_0" class="PopUpMediaTransform" style="width:220px;" videopayload="<div class="mediaContainer" style="width:854px"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/854px--President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:854px;height:480px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="1401.072" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:13:11" type="video/webm; 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There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women\'s skirts, and walking in on naked women.<sup id="cite_ref-809" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-809">[803]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-810" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-810">[804]</a></sup> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<sup id="cite_ref-811" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-811">[805]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In October 2016, two days before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a>, a 2005 "<a href="/wiki/Hot_mic" title="Hot mic">hot mic</a>" recording surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women, saying "when you\'re a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab \'em by the <a href="/wiki/Pussy#Female_genitalia" title="Pussy">pussy</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-NBC080716_812-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NBC080716-812">[806]</a></sup> The incident\'s widespread media exposure led to Trump\'s first public apology during the campaign,<sup id="cite_ref-813" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-813">[807]</a></sup> and caused outrage across the political spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-814" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-814">[808]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Allegations_of_inciting_violence">Allegations of inciting violence</span></h3>\n<p>Some research suggests Trump\'s rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-815" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-815">[809]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-816" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-816">[810]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-817" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-817">[811]</a></sup> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<sup id="cite_ref-818" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-818">[812]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-819" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-819">[813]</a></sup> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump\'s rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<sup id="cite_ref-820" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-820">[814]</a></sup> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump\'s rhetoric in his own defense.<sup id="cite_ref-821" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-821">[815]</a></sup> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<sup id="cite_ref-822" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-822">[816]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">Donald Trump in popular culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">Donald Trump in music</a></div>\n<p>Trump has been the subject of comedians, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>Saturday Night Live</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Hammond" title="Darrell Hammond">Darrell Hammond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a>, and in <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Mr._Garrison" title="Mr. Garrison">Mr. Garrison</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future" title="Bart to the Future">Bart to the Future</a>", written during his <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000">2000 campaign for the Reform party</a>, anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called <i><a href="/wiki/The_President_Show" title="The President Show">The President Show</a></i> debuted in April 2017 on <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>, while another one called <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></i> debuted on <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> in February 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-823" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-823">[817]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump\'s wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<sup id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_824-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-824">[818]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-825" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-825">[819]</a></sup> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_824-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-824">[818]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition">Recognition</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>In 1983, Trump received the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund_Tree_of_Life_Award" title="Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award">Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award</a>, after he helped fund two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-826" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-826">[820]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_827-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-827">[821]</a></sup> In 1986, he received the <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island_Medal_of_Honor" title="Ellis Island Medal of Honor">Ellis Island Medal of Honor</a> in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<sup id="cite_ref-828" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-828">[822]</a></sup> and in 1995 was awarded the President\'s Medal from the <a href="/wiki/Freedoms_Foundation" title="Freedoms Foundation">Freedoms Foundation</a> for his support of youth programs.<sup id="cite_ref-829" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-829">[823]</a></sup> He has been awarded five honorary doctorates, but one was revoked by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a> in 2015 after Trump called for a Muslim ban, citing Trump\'s speech being "wholly incompatible<span class="nowrap"> </span>... with the ethos and values of the university". The remaining awards are <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>\'s honorary doctorate of laws in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Wagner_College" title="Wagner College">Wagner College</a>\'s honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2004, and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a>\'s honorary doctorates of business and law in 2012 and 2017 respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-830" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-830">[824]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In December 2016, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> named Trump as its "<a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-PersonYear_831-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PersonYear-831">[825]</a></sup> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<sup id="cite_ref-832" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-832">[826]</a></sup> In the same month, he was named <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Person_of_the_Year" title="Financial Times Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a><sup id="cite_ref-FT_2016_833-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT_2016-833">[827]</a></sup> and was ranked by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" title="Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People">second most powerful person in the world</a> after <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-834" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-834">[828]</a></sup> As president, Trump received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_King_Abdulaziz" title="Order of King Abdulaziz">Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud</a> from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-835" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-835">[829]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Investigations">Investigations</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">transition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">January–June 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">July–December 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">January–June 2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">July–December 2018</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)">2019</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2020%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2020–2021)">2020–2021</a>)</div>\n<p>The <a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a> FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">private businesses</a>, personal taxes, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">charitable foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-74">[70]</a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_Inv_836-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Inv-836">[830]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hush_payments">Hush payments</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump#Payments_related_to_alleged_affairs" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump § Payments related to alleged affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Alleged_affair_with_Donald_Trump" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal § Alleged affair with Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:132px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/130px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="195" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/195px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/260px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1728" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Pornographic film actress <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> in 2010</div></div></div>\n<p><a href="/wiki/American_Media,_Inc." title="American Media, Inc.">American Media, Inc.</a> (AMI) paid $150,000 to <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> model <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a> in August 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-WSJT_837-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJT-837">[831]</a></sup> and Trump\'s attorney <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> paid $130,000 to <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">adult film actress</a> <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-838" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-838">[832]</a></sup> Both women were paid for <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a> regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-839" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-839">[833]</a></sup> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged both payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-840" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-840">[834]</a></sup> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump\'s electoral chances.<sup id="cite_ref-841" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-841">[835]</a></sup> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen\'s payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Nelson_842-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-842">[836]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-843" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-843">[837]</a></sup> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-844" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-844">[838]</a></sup> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-845" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-845">[839]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-846" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-846">[840]</a></sup> In July 2019, a federal judge disclosed that prosecutors had stated in a court filing they had closed the investigation,<sup id="cite_ref-847" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-847">[841]</a></sup> but days later the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan District Attorney">Manhattan District Attorney</a> subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<sup id="cite_ref-848" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-848">[842]</a></sup> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<sup id="cite_ref-849" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-849">[843]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Russian_interference">Russian interference</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russian officials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trump-Ukraine_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump-Ukraine scandal">Trump-Ukraine scandal</a></div>\n<p>In January 2017, American intelligence agencies – the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> – jointly stated with "<a href="/wiki/Analytic_confidence#Levels_of_analytic_confidence_in_national_security_reports" title="Analytic confidence">high confidence</a>" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-850" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-850">[844]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Declassified_Report_851-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Declassified_Report-851">[845]</a></sup> In March 2017, FBI Director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> told Congress "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government\'s efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia\'s efforts."<sup id="cite_ref-852" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-852">[846]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<sup id="cite_ref-853" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-853">[847]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-854" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-854">[848]</a></sup> One of Trump\'s campaign managers, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, had worked from December 2004 until February 2010 to help pro-Russian politician <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> win the Ukrainian presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-855" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-855">[849]</a></sup> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael T. Flynn">Michael T. Flynn</a> and political consultant <a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a>, have been connected to Russian officials.<sup id="cite_ref-856" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-856">[850]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-many_857-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-many-857">[851]</a></sup> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-858" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-858">[852]</a></sup>\nMembers of Trump\'s campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<sup id="cite_ref-859" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-859">[853]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reuters2_860-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters2-860">[854]</a></sup> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak" title="Sergey Kislyak">Sergey Kislyak</a> about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Flynn later resigned in the midst of controversy over whether he misled Pence.<sup id="cite_ref-861" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-861">[855]</a></sup> <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that Trump had told Kislyak and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<sup id="cite_ref-862" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-862">[856]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump and his allies have promoted <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">a conspiracy theory</a> that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election – which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to <a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">frame</a> Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-863" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-863">[857]</a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> was hacked, Trump firstly claimed it withheld "its server" from the FBI (in actuality there were more than 140 servers, of which digital copies were given to the FBI); secondly that <a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a>, the company which investigated the servers, was Ukraine-based and Ukrainian-owned (in actuality, CrowdStrike is U.S.-based, with the largest owners being American companies); and thirdly that "the server" was hidden in Ukraine. Members of the Trump administration have spoken out against the conspiracy theories.<sup id="cite_ref-864" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-864">[858]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Special_counsel_investigation">Special counsel investigation</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-220px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-330px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-440px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Sanitization_(classified_information)" title="Sanitization (classified information)">redacted</a> version of the <i><a href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf" title="File:Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election.pdf">Mueller Report</a></i> released by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> on April 18, 2019</div></div></div>\n<p>On May 17, 2017, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Attorney_General" title="United States Deputy Attorney General">Deputy Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="Director of the FBI">director of the FBI</a>, to serve as <a href="/wiki/Special_counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Special counsel">special counsel</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation",<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller_Report-865">[859]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenstein_5/17/2017-866">[860]</a></sup> thus taking over the existing "<a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a>" FBI investigation into the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenstein_5/17/2017-866">[860]</a></sup> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump\'s <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">dismissal of James Comey</a> as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<sup id="cite_ref-Vitkovskaya_867-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vitkovskaya-867">[861]</a></sup> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<sup id="cite_ref-868" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-868">[862]</a></sup> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign\'s possible ties to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-869" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-869">[863]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions – in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018 – and close the investigation but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<sup id="cite_ref-870" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-870">[864]</a></sup> He bemoaned the recusal of his first Attorney General Jeff Sessions regarding Russia matters, and believed Sessions should have stopped the investigation.<sup id="cite_ref-871" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-871">[865]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and gave <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">his report</a> to Attorney General William Barr.<sup id="cite_ref-872" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-872">[866]</a></sup> On March 24, Barr sent <a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">a four-page letter</a> to Congress summarizing the "principal conclusions" in the report. He quoted Mueller as stating "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him." Barr further wrote that he and Rosenstein did not see sufficient evidence to prove obstruction of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-Pramuk_873-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pramuk-873">[867]</a></sup> Trump interpreted Mueller\'s report as a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-874" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-874">[868]</a></sup> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said,<sup id="cite_ref-875" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-875">[869]</a></sup> and some legal analysts called the Barr letter misleading.<sup id="cite_ref-testcomm2_876-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-testcomm2-876">[870]</a></sup>\n</p><p>A redacted version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The first volume found that Russia interfered to favor Trump\'s candidacy and hinder Clinton\'s.<sup id="cite_ref-AFPpoints_877-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFPpoints-877">[871]</a></sup> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeGraphic_878-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeGraphic-878">[872]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TIMErelease_879-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TIMErelease-879">[873]</a></sup> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion",<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller_Report-865">[859]</a></sup> and it details how Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged foreign interference believing they would politically benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-880" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-880">[874]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-881" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-881">[875]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-882" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-882">[876]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPoLays_883-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoLays-883">[877]</a></sup> The report did not exonerate Trump of obstruction inasmuch as investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FactCheck11_884-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FactCheck11-884">[878]</a></sup> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a> (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<sup id="cite_ref-885" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-885">[879]</a></sup> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<sup id="cite_ref-APdilemma_886-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APdilemma-886">[880]</a></sup> Congress subsequently launched an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a>, albeit it ultimately did not press charges related to the Mueller investigation.\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Associates">Associates</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a></div>\n<p>On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> was <a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">convicted</a> on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-887" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-887">[881]</a></sup> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, Trump\'s personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonnig823_888-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonnig823-888">[882]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On November 29, Trump\'s former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump\'s 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">a Trump Tower in Moscow</a>. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<sup id="cite_ref-889" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-889">[883]</a></sup>\n</p><p>The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller\'s investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager <a href="/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a>, foreign policy advisor <a href="/wiki/George_Papadopoulos" title="George Papadopoulos">George Papadopoulos</a>, Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<sup id="cite_ref-890" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-890">[884]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-891" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-891">[885]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In February 2020, Trump campaign adviser <a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a> was sentenced to over three years in jail, after being convicted of lying to Congress and witness tampering regarding his attempts to learn more about hacked Democratic emails during the 2016 election. The sentencing judge said Stone "was prosecuted for covering up for the president".<sup id="cite_ref--200220_892-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note--200220-892">[886]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019_congressional_investigation">2019 congressional investigation</span></h3>\n<p>In March 2019, the <a href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a> launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<sup id="cite_ref-893" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-893">[887]</a></sup> Committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Nadler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerrold Nadler">Jerrold Nadler</a> sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump\'s presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<sup id="cite_ref-894" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-894">[888]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_895-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-895">[889]</a></sup> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump\'s communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_895-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-895">[889]</a></sup> The White House refused to comply, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<sup id="cite_ref-896" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-896">[890]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment">Impeachment</span></h2>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></div>\n<p>Impeachment and trial is a process under the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> whereby the legislature can remove from office a president, cabinet member, judge, or other civil officer.<sup id="cite_ref-897" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-897">[891]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> investigates the case; if the House votes to bring charges, the officer is impeached. There is then a trial in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">Senate</a> where a two-thirds vote is required to remove the person from office.<sup id="cite_ref-898" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-898">[892]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment_by_the_House_of_Representatives">Impeachment by the House of Representatives</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/300px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/450px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/600px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3197" data-file-height="1796" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Members of House of Representatives vote on two <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of impeachment">articles of impeachment</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/755">H.Res. 755</a>)</span>, December 18, 2019</div></div></div>\n<p>During much of Trump\'s presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<sup id="cite_ref-899" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-899">[893]</a></sup> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019; after the Mueller Report was released in April and special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, this number grew to around 140 representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-900" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-900">[894]</a></sup>\n</p><p>In August 2019, a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_the_United_States" title="Whistleblower protection in the United States">whistleblower</a> filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_the_Intelligence_Community" title="Inspector General of the Intelligence Community">Inspector General of the Intelligence Community</a> about a July 25 phone call between Trump and President of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>, during which Trump had pressured Zelensky to investigate <a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a> and Democratic presidential primary candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a>, adding that the White House had attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up.<sup id="cite_ref-undermine_901-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undermine-901">[895]</a></sup> The whistleblower further stated that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration which may have included withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019 and canceling Vice President Pence\'s May 2019 Ukraine trip.<sup id="cite_ref-902" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-902">[896]</a></sup> Trump later confirmed having withheld military aid from Ukraine and offered contradicting reasons for the decision.<sup id="cite_ref-903" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-903">[897]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-904" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-904">[898]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-905" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-905">[899]</a></sup>\n</p><p>After the whistleblower complaint became known in September 2019, House speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> initiated <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">a formal impeachment inquiry</a> on September 24.<sup id="cite_ref-Fandos_906-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-906">[900]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_907-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-907">[901]</a></sup> The Trump administration subsequently released a memorandum of the July 25 phone call, confirming that after Zelensky mentioned purchasing American anti-tank missiles, Trump asked Zelensky to investigate and to discuss these matters with Trump\'s personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<sup id="cite_ref-undermine_901-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undermine-901">[895]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_908-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-908">[902]</a></sup> According to the testimony of multiple administration officials and former officials, the events were part of a broader effort to further Trump\'s personal interests by giving him an advantage in the upcoming presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-909" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-909">[903]</a></sup>\n</p><p>Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, <a href="/wiki/William_B._Taylor_Jr." title="William B. Taylor Jr.">William B. Taylor Jr.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Ukraine" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine">chargé d\'affaires for Ukraine</a>, testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. According to Taylor and others, the goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-910" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-910">[904]</a></sup> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not invite Zelensky to the White House.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_911-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-911">[905]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_912-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-912">[906]</a></sup> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<sup id="cite_ref-Zelensky_Pressure_913-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelensky_Pressure-913">[907]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On December 3, 2019, the <a href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a> published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report said Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump\'s political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-914" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-914">[908]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-915" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-915">[909]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Intel-Report_916-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intel-Report-916">[910]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>8,208</span></sup> The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats\' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<sup id="cite_ref-917" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-917">[911]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-918" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-918">[912]</a></sup>\n</p><p>On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Siegel_919-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-919">[913]</a></sup> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<sup id="cite_ref-920" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-920">[914]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment_trial_in_the_Senate">Impeachment trial in the Senate</span></h3>\n<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Impeachment trial of Donald Trump</a></div>\n<p>The Senate impeachment trial began on January 16, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-921" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-921">[915]</a></sup> On January 22, the Republican Senate majority rejected amendments proposed by the Democratic minority to call witnesses and subpoena documents; evidence collected during the House impeachment proceedings will be entered into the Senate record automatically unless objected to on a case-by-case basis.<sup id="cite_ref-922" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-922">[916]</a></sup> For the three days, January 22–24, the impeachment managers for the House presented their case to the Senate. They cited evidence to support charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and asserted that Trump\'s actions were exactly what the founding fathers had in mind when they included an impeachment process in the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-923" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-923">[917]</a></sup> Responding over the next three days, the Trump legal team did not deny the facts as presented in the charges, but said Trump had not broken any laws or obstructed Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-brazen_924-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brazen-924">[918]</a></sup> They argued that the impeachment was "constitutionally and legally invalid" because Trump was not charged with a crime, abuse of power is not an impeachable offense, and Trump therefore should be acquitted immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-brazen_924-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brazen-924">[918]</a></sup> On January 31, the Senate voted against allowing subpoenas to call witnesses or documents; 51 Republicans formed the majority for this vote.<sup id="cite_ref-925" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-925">[919]</a></sup> Thus, this became the first impeachment trial in U.S. history without witness testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-926" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-926">[920]</a></sup> On February 5, Trump was acquitted of both charges in a vote nearly along party lines, with Republican <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> being the only senator – and the only senator in U.S. history – to cross party lines by voting to convict on one of the charges.<sup id="cite_ref-927" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-927">[921]</a></sup> Following his acquittal, Trump began identifying and removing political appointees and career officials he deemed insufficiently loyal.<sup id="cite_ref-928" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-928">[922]</a></sup>\n</p>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>\n<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">\n<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">\n<li id="cite_note-Wealth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This estimate is by <i>Forbes</i> in their annual ranking. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index" title="Bloomberg Billionaires Index">Bloomberg Billionaires Index</a> listed Trump\'s net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-BBI_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBI-62">[58]</a></sup> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-WX_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WX-63">[59]</a></sup></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-electoral-college-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-electoral-college_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for <a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors" class="mw-redirect" title="Faithless electors">faithless electors</a>). Consequently, it is possible for the <a href="/wiki/President-elect" class="mw-redirect" title="President-elect">president-elect</a> to have received fewer votes from the country\'s total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">five times since 1824</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was older upon his second-term inauguration.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-coordination-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coordination_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign \'coordinat[ed]\' – a term that appears in the appointment order – with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, \'coordination\' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement – tacit or express – between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other\'s actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf">Mueller Report</a>, vol. I, p. 2</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of <a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>, <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> trailed in <i>both</i> the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Tilden">Samuel Tilden</a> in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a></sup></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the United States">22nd and 24th president</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-311" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a></sup></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div></div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>\n<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">\n<ol class="references">\n<li id="cite_note-Birth_Certificate-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160512232306/https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168">"Certificate of Birth"</a>. Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/page?id=13248168">the original</a> on May 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Certificate+of+Birth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fpage%3Fid%3D13248168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\\"""\\"""\'""\'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32">32</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz2015" class="citation news cs1">Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html">"Donald Trump\'s Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Old+Queens+Neighborhood+Contrasts+With+the+Diverse+Area+Around+It&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38">38</a>.</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFViser2015" class="citation news cs1">Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html">"Even in college, Donald Trump was brash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Even+in+college%2C+Donald+Trump+was+brash&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Viser&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F08%2F28%2Fdonald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school%2F3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenfreund2015" class="citation news cs1">Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer">"The real reason Donald Trump is so rich"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 20, 1968. pp. 19–21. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+50th+anniversary+of+the+day+Trump+left+college+and+%28briefly%29+faced+the+draft&rft.date=2018-05-20&rft.aulast=Selk&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2018%2F05%2F20%2Fits-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAshford2019" class="citation news cs1">Ashford, Grace (February 27, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html">"Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Cohen+Says+Trump+Told+Him+to+Threaten+Schools+Not+to+Release+Grades&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Ashford&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-school-grades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-defer-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-defer_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMontopoli2011" class="citation news cs1">Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show">"Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Donald+John+Trump%27s+Selective+Service+Draft+Card+and+Selective+Service+Classification+Ledger&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffoia%2Fdonald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/> – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Whitlock21July-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWhitlock2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Whitlock" title="Craig Whitlock">Whitlock, Craig</a> (July 21, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html">"Questions linger about Trump\'s draft deferments during Vietnam War"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York City: <a href="/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-1079-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001-12-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmrwtRTQ3fMC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-dad-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dad_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (August 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647">"The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+the+poster+child+of+sleep+deprivation%3A+Arianna+Huffington&rft.date=2017-01-17&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Bryer%2C+Tania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F01%2F17%2Fdonald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/">"Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry"</a>. <i>Golf News Net</i>. July 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Golf+News+Net&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+says+he+gets+most+of+his+exercise+from+golf%2C+then+uses+cart+at+Turnberry&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegolfnewsnet.com%2Fgolfnewsnetteam%2F2018%2F07%2F14%2Fdonald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html">"Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body\'s finite energy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. May 12, 2017. <q>Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he \'believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted\'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+thinks+that+exercising+too+much+uses+up+the+body%27s+finite+energy&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Ftrump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy%2F2017%2F05%2F12%2Fbb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerreria2018" class="citation news cs1">Herreria, Carla (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f">"Trump\'s Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Doctor+Says+Trump+Basically+Wrote+That+Glowing+Health+Letter%3A+Report&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Herreria&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fdr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarquardtCrook2018" class="citation news cs1">Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (May 1, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html">"Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+doctor+Harold+Bornstein+says+bodyguard%2C+lawyer+%27raided%27+his+office%2C+took+medical+files&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Schecter&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Ftrump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-time-20180117-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time-20180117_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDucharme2018" class="citation news cs1">Ducharme, Jamie (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/">"The White House Doctor Called President Trump\'s Health \'Excellent\'. Here\'s the Full Summary of His Physical Exam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Mr Trump\'s performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=From+the+Tower+to+the+White+House&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Funited-states%2F21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSwanson2016" class="citation news cs1">Swanson, Ana (February 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/">"The myth and the reality of Donald Trump\'s business empire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+myth+and+the+reality+of+Donald+Trump%27s+business+empire&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2016%2F02%2F29%2Fthe-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBreuninger2018" class="citation news cs1">Breuninger, Kevin (October 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html">"Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Group+Selling+West+Side+Parcel+for+%241.8+billion&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.aulast=Bagli&rft.aufirst=Charles+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-CP-W-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CP-W_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson-Withorn2018" class="citation news cs1">Peterson-Withorn, Chase (April 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc">"Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Democrats+can+finally+agree+with+Donald+Trump+on+something&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Sharman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFahrenthold2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">Fahrenthold, David A.</a> (August 17, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/">"20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=20+times+Donald+Trump+has+changed+his+mind+since+June&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Fahrenthold&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2015%2F08%2F17%2F20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-thehillFLIP-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehillFLIP_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHensch2015" class="citation news cs1">Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">\'</span>Meet the Press\' tracks Trump\'s flip-flops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=%27Meet+the+Press%27+tracks+Trump%27s+flip-flops&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft.aulast=Hensch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2Fpresidential-races%2F247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-real_Donald-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-real_Donald_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNoah2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Noah" title="Timothy Noah">Noah, Timothy</a> (July 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607">"Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Will+the+real+Donald+Trump+please+stand+up%3F&rft.date=2015-07-26&rft.aulast=Noah&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2015%2F07%2Fwill-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-nbcnews.com-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTimm" class="citation news cs1">Timm, Jane C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801">"A Full List of Donald Trump\'s Rapidly Changing Policy Positions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=A+Full+List+of+Donald+Trump%27s+Rapidly+Changing+Policy+Positions&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=Jane+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Ffull-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Walsh-160724-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Walsh" title="Kenneth T. Walsh">Walsh, Kenneth T.</a> (August 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt">"Trump: Media Is \'Dishonest and Corrupt<span class="cs1-kern-right">\'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <q>\'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn\'t put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,\' Trump also tweeted Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Media+Is+%27Dishonest+and+Corrupt%27&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-08-15%2Ftrump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKoppel2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Koppel, Ted</a> (July 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/">"Trump: "I feel I\'m an honest person<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <q>Well, I think that I\'m an honest person<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I feel I\'m an honest person. And I don\'t mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+%22I+feel+I%27m+an+honest+person%22&rft.date=2016-07-24&rft.aulast=Koppel&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Blake-150706-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake-150706_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2015" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/">"Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he\'s losing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+waging+war+on+political+correctness.+And+he%27s+losing.&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F07%2F06%2Fdonald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/">"This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media\'s role in Donald Trump\'s rise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+Harvard+study+is+a+powerful+indictment+of+the+media%27s+role+in+Donald+Trump%27s+rise&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Fthis-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-whoppers-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whoppers_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/">"The \'King of Whoppers\': Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></i>. December 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=The+%27King+of+Whoppers%27%3A+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-year-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-year_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHolanQiu2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angie_Drobnic_Holan" title="Angie Drobnic Holan">Holan, Angie Drobnic</a>; Qiu, Linda (December 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/">"2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=2015+Lie+of+the+Year%3A+the+campaign+misstatements+of+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.aulast=Holan&rft.aufirst=Angie+Drobnic&rft.au=Qiu%2C+Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ftruth-o-meter%2Farticle%2F2015%2Fdec%2F21%2F2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-wapo-false-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-false_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFarhi2016" class="citation news cs1">Farhi, Paul (February 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html">"Think Trump\'s wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Think+Trump%27s+wrong%3F+Fact+checkers+can+tell+you+how+often.+%28Hint%3A+A+lot.%29&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fthe-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump%2F2016%2F02%2F25%2Fe994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStelter2016" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stelter" title="Brian Stelter">Stelter, Brian</a> (September 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html">"The weekend America\'s newspapers called Donald Trump a liar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+weekend+America%27s+newspapers+called+Donald+Trump+a+liar&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2016%2F09%2F25%2Fmedia%2Fnewspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCammon2016" class="citation news cs1">McCammon, Sarah (August 10, 2016). "Donald Trump\'s controversial speech often walks the line". <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <q>Many of Trump\'s opaque statements seem to rely on suggestion and innuendo.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+controversial+speech+often+walks+the+line&rft.date=2016-08-10&rft.aulast=McCammon&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-reuters-20150828-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlitterOliphant2015" class="citation news cs1">Flitter, Emily; Oliphant, James (August 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-hyperbole-insight-idUSKCN0QX11X20150828">"Best president ever! 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tax returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=House+chairman+asks+IRS+for+6+years+of+Trump%27s+tax+returns&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Marcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteinPaletta2019" class="citation news cs1">Stein, Jeff; <a href="/wiki/Damian_Paletta" title="Damian Paletta">Paletta, Damian</a> (April 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html">"Treasury says it will miss Democrats\' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Treasury+says+it+will+miss+Democrats%27+deadline+for+turning+over+Trump+tax+returns%2C+casts+skepticism+over+request&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Paletta%2C+Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Ftreasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2F14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLorenzo2019" class="citation news cs1">Lorenzo, Aaron (April 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760">"IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=IRS+blows+deadline+to+hand+over+Trump+tax+returns&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.aulast=Lorenzo&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F04%2F23%2Fdonald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRappeport2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rappeport" title="Alan Rappeport">Rappeport, Alan</a> (May 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What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donald+J.+Trump+for+President&rft.atitle=Second+Amendment+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldjtrump.com%2Fpositions%2Fsecond-amendment-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKrieg2016" class="citation news cs1">Krieg, Gregory (June 20, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/">"The times Trump changed his positions on guns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+times+Trump+changed+his+positions+on+guns&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F06%2F20%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Cannabis-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cannabis_386-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana">"Donald Trump on Marijuana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C-SPAN&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+on+Marijuana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3Fc4541840%2Fdonald-trump-marijuana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Cop_killers-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cop_killers_387-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond" title="Jeremy Diamond">Diamond, Jeremy</a> (December 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/">"Trump: Death penalty for cop killers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Death+penalty+for+cop+killers&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F12%2F10%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-FullPageAd1989-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FullPageAd1989_388-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFoderaro1989" class="citation news cs1">Foderaro, Lisa (May 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html">"Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angered+by+Attack%2C+Trump+Urges+Return+of+the+Death+Penalty&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.aulast=Foderaro&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F05%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Fangered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_389-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy" class="citation news cs1">McCarthy, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture">"Donald Trump: I\'d bring back \'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding<span class="cs1-kern-right">\'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%3A+I%27d+bring+back+%27a+hell+of+a+lot+worse+than+waterboarding%27&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F06%2Fdonald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-ABC_News-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_News_390-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410">"Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i>. February 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz%2C+Donald+Trump+Advocate+Bringing+Back+Waterboarding&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fvideo%2Fted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-arpaio-criminal-contempt-20161025-snap-story.html">"Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio is officially charged with criminal contempt in racial profiling case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. October 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Arizona+Sheriff+Joe+Arpaio+is+officially+charged+with+criminal+contempt+in+racial+profiling+case&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fnationnow%2Fla-na-arpaio-criminal-contempt-20161025-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHillyardHelsel2017" class="citation news cs1">Hillyard, Vaughn; Helsel, Phil (August 26, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-grants-pardon-former-sheriff-joe-arpaio-n796191">"President Trump Grants Pardon for Former Sheriff Joe Arpaio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=President+Trump+Grants+Pardon+for+Former+Sheriff+Joe+Arpaio&rft.date=2017-08-26&rft.aulast=Hillyard&rft.aufirst=Vaughn&rft.au=Helsel%2C+Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Ftrump-grants-pardon-former-sheriff-joe-arpaio-n796191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-393"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLucas2018" class="citation news cs1">Lucas, Ryan (March 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/03/09/592440282/trump-pardons-ex-navy-sailor-sentenced-for-photos-of-submarine">"Trump Pardons Ex-Navy Sailor Sentenced For Photos of Submarine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Pardons+Ex-Navy+Sailor+Sentenced+For+Photos+of+Submarine&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F03%2F09%2F592440282%2Ftrump-pardons-ex-navy-sailor-sentenced-for-photos-of-submarine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCaliaPramuk2018" class="citation news cs1">Calia, Mike; Pramuk, Jacob (April 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/13/president-trump-plans-to-pardon-former-cheney-chief-of-staff-scooter-libby.html">"President Trump pardons former Cheney chief of staff Scooter Libby"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=President+Trump+pardons+former+Cheney+chief+of+staff+Scooter+Libby&rft.date=2018-04-13&rft.aulast=Calia&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Pramuk%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F04%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-plans-to-pardon-former-cheney-chief-of-staff-scooter-libby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-395"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPascoe2009" class="citation book cs1">Pascoe, Peggy (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mrjbk8zc7PgC&pg=PA164&dq=Jack+Johnson"><i>What Comes Naturally: Miscegenation Law and the Making of Race in America</i></a>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 164–165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509463-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509463-3"><bdi>978-0-19-509463-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/221155113">221155113</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Comes+Naturally%3A+Miscegenation+Law+and+the+Making+of+Race+in+America&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=164-165&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221155113&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509463-3&rft.aulast=Pascoe&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMrjbk8zc7PgC%26pg%3DPA164%26dq%3DJack%2BJohnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-396"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/sports/jack-johnson-pardon-trump.html">"Trump Pardons Jack Johnson, Heavyweight Boxing Champion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump\'s ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Trump+now+says+Muslim+ban+only+applies+to+those+from+terrorism-heavy+countries&rft.date=2016-06-25&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fpolitics%2Fct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-421"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDetrow2016" class="citation news cs1">Detrow, Scott (June 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism">"Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With \'Proven History Of Terrorism<span class="cs1-kern-right">\'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <q>I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there\'s a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Calls+To+Ban+Immigration+From+Countries+With+%27Proven+History+Of+Terrorism%27&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft.aulast=Detrow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2F481910989%2Ftrump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-422"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPark2016" class="citation news cs1">Park, Haeyoun (July 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html">"Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations \'Compromised\' by Terrorism. 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February 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=In+India%2C+Trump+validates+Modi%27s+divisive+agenda&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2020%2F02%2F24%2Findia-trump-validates-modis-divisive-agenda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-506"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCalamur2018" class="citation news cs1">Calamur, Krishnadev (March 4, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/">"Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Nine+Notorious+Dictators%2C+Nine+Shout-Outs+From+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft.aulast=Calamur&rft.aufirst=Krishnadev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2018%2F03%2Ftrump-xi-jinping-dictators%2F554810%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-507"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGera2017" class="citation news cs1">Gera, Vanessa (July 24, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e">"Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Amid+protests%2C+Polish+leader+puts+brakes+on+judicial+shakeup&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.aulast=Gera&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-508"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaizland2017" class="citation news cs1">Maizland, Lindsay (July 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump">"Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Trump+praised+Poland+as+a+defender+of+the+West.+But+their+democracy+is+unraveling&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft.aulast=Maizland&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2F7%2F20%2F16003480%2Fpoland-supreme-court-democracy-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike-509"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike_509-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605">"Syria war: Trump\'s missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trump+shocks+allies+and+advisers+with+plan+to+pull+US+troops+out+of+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Chulov%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2018%2Fdec%2F19%2Fus-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-515"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-515">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Cooper" title="Helene Cooper">Cooper, Helene</a> (December 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html">"Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump\'s Worldview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jim+Mattis%2C+Defense+Secretary%2C+Resigns+in+Rebuke+of+Trump%27s+Worldview&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-516"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-516">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDemirjian2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karoun_Demirjian" title="Karoun Demirjian">Demirjian, Karoun</a> (January 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html">"Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds\' safety guaranteed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-590"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-590">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2018" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Alexander (March 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391">"U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.-Russian+relations+worst+Ambassador+Antonov+can+remember&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fu-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Syria-blame-591"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum2018" class="citation news cs1">Nussbaum, Matthew (April 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223">"Trump blames Putin for backing \'Animal Assad<span class="cs1-kern-right">\'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+blames+Putin+for+backing+%27Animal+Assad%27&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F04%2F08%2Ftrump-putin-syria-attack-508223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-592"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-592">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRamptonSobczak2017" class="citation news cs1">Rampton, Roberta; Sobczak, Pawel (July 6, 2017). <a 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href="#cite_ref-593">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHollandRamptonMason2018" class="citation news cs1">Holland, Steve; Rampton, Roberta; Mason, Jeff (January 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO">"Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Trump+accuses+Russia+of+helping+North+Korea+evade+sanctions%3B+says+U.S.+needs+more+missile+defense&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Rampton%2C+Roberta&rft.au=Mason%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-exclusive%2Fexclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-594"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-594">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503">"Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at \'boorish\' Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+to+look+at+recognizing+Crimea+as+Russian+territory%2C+lifting+sanctions&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.aulast=Pager&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F07%2Ftrump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-597"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-597">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPanetta2018" class="citation news cs1">Panetta, Grace (June 14, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6">"Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+reportedly+claimed+to+leaders+at+the+G7+that+Crimea+is+part+of+Russia+because+everyone+there+speaks+Russian&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft.aulast=Panetta&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-598"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-598">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY">"Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter+labels+Trump%27s+tweets+with+a+fact+check+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F26%2Ftrump-twitter-label-fact-check%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-second_label-731"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-second_label_731-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDwoskin2020" class="citation news cs1">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (May 30, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/29/inside-twitter-trump-label/">"Twitter\'s decision to label Trump`s tweets was two years in the making"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter%27s+decision+to+label+Trump%60s+tweets+was+two+years+in+the+making&rft.date=2020-05-30&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F29%2Finside-twitter-trump-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-lashing_out-732"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lashing_out_732-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDwoskin2020" class="citation news cs1">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (June 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/27/trump-twitter-label/">"Trump lashes out at social media companies after Twitter labels tweets with fact checks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+lashes+out+at+social+media+companies+after+Twitter+labels+tweets+with+fact+checks&rft.date=2020-06-14&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F27%2Ftrump-twitter-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (July 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-20000-false-or-misleading-claims/">"President Trump has made more than 20,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+20%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F07%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-20000-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-TorontoStar_20190605-734"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar_20190605_734-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDale2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dale" title="Daniel Dale">Dale, Daniel</a> (June 5, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html">"Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+now+said+more+than+5%2C000+false+things+as+president&rft.date=2019-06-05&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fanalysis%2F2019%2F06%2F05%2Fdonald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Dale_20200309-735"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dale_20200309_735-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDale2020" class="citation news cs1">Dale, Daniel (March 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1237083913496989702">"Trump is averaging about 59 false claims per week since ... July 8, 2019"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+is+averaging+about+59+false+claims+per+week+since+...+July+8%2C+2019.&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fddale8%2Fstatus%2F1237083913496989702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ESsA5nTXYAA562e?format=png">direct link to chart image</a>)</span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Qiu-736"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_736-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_736-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQiu2017" class="citation news cs1">Qiu, Linda (April 29, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html">"Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fact-Checking+President+Trump+Through+His+First+100+Days&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-KesslerLee-737"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KesslerLee_737-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerLee2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (May 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/">"President Trump\'s first 100 days: The fact check tally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump%27s+first+100+days%3A+The+fact+check+tally&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Lee%2C+Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fpresident-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-738"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQiu2017" class="citation news cs1">Qiu, Linda (June 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html">"In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+One+Rally%2C+12+Inaccurate+Claims+From+Trump&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffactcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-unprecedenteduntruths-739"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unprecedenteduntruths_739-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">\n<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFMcGranahan2017" class="citation journal cs1">McGranahan, Carole (May 2017). "An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Ethnologist" class="mw-redirect" title="American Ethnologist">American Ethnologist</a></i>. <b>44</b> (2): 243–248. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.12475">10.1111/amet.12475</a>. <q>It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=An+anthropology+of+lying%3A+Trump+and+the+political+sociality+of+moral+outrage&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-248&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Famet.12475&rft.aulast=McGranahan&rft.aufirst=Carole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFStolberg2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Gay_Stolberg" title="Sheryl Gay Stolberg">Stolberg, Sheryl Gay</a> (August 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html">"Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> once called \'the conflict between truth and politics\' to an entirely new level.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Many+Politicians+Lie.+But+Trump+Has+Elevated+the+Art+of+Fabrication.&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Stolberg&rft.aufirst=Sheryl+Gay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Flies-trump-obama-mislead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFKessler2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a> (December 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/">"A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>. <q>\'When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?\' presidential historian <a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Beschloss" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael R. Beschloss">Michael R. Beschloss</a> said of Trump in 2018.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+year+of+unprecedented+deception%3A+Trump+averaged+15+false+claims+a+day+in+2018&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F12%2F30%2Fyear-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFBarabak2017" class="citation news cs1">Barabak, Mark Z. (February 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html">"There\'s a long history of presidential untruths. Here\'s why Donald Trump is \'in a class by himself<span class="cs1-kern-right">\'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations – on matters large and wincingly small – place him \'in a class by himself\', as Texas A&M\'s <a href="/wiki/George_C._Edwards_III" title="George C. Edwards III">George Edwards</a> put it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=There%27s+a+long+history+of+presidential+untruths.+Here%27s+why+Donald+Trump+is+%27in+a+class+by+himself%27&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft.aulast=Barabak&rft.aufirst=Mark+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFDale2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dale" title="Daniel Dale">Dale, Daniel</a> (December 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html">"Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn\'t worked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>\'We\'ve had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we\'ve never had a serial liar before. And that\'s what we\'re dealing with here,\' said <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Douglas Brinkley</a>, the prominent Rice University presidential historian.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+spent+a+year+lying+shamelessly.+It+hasn%27t+worked&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fanalysis%2F2017%2F12%2F22%2Fdonald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFCillizza2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (May 9, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html">"President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We\'ve never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump\'s untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=President+Trump+lied+more+than+3%2C000+times+in+466+days&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-3000%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFSkjeseth2017" class="citation web cs1">Skjeseth, Heidi Taksdal (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf">"All the president\'s lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a></i>. <q>...<span class="nowrap"> </span>a president who is delivering untruths on an unprecedented scale. Mr Trump did this both while running for president, and he has continued to do so in office. There is no precedent for this amount of untruths in the U.S.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Journalism&rft.atitle=All+the+president%27s+lies%3A+Media+coverage+of+lies+in+the+US+and+France&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Skjeseth&rft.aufirst=Heidi+Taksdal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-10%2FTaksdal%2520Skjeseth%252C%2520All%2520the%2520President%2527s%2520Lies%2520-%2520Media%2520Coverage%2520of%2520lies%2520in%2520the%2520US%2520and%2520France.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFStern2019" class="citation journal cs1">Stern, Donnel (May 9, 2019). "Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference". <i>Psychoanalytic Dialogues</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 189–196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996">10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996</a>. <q>Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has <a href="/wiki/Poisoned_the_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisoned the well">poisoned the well</a> [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalytic+Dialogues&rft.atitle=Constructivism+in+the+Age+of+Trump%3A+Truth%2C+Lies%2C+and+Knowing+the+Difference&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-196&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Donnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFGrosz2019" class="citation news cs1">Grosz, Stephen (January 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e">"The real reason Donald Trump lies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We all lie, but we don\'t lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+real+reason+Donald+Trump+lies&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li></ul>\n</span></li>\n<li id="cite_note-Glasser-180803-740"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGlasser2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Glasser" title="Susan Glasser">Glasser, Susan</a> (August 3, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose">"It\'s True: Trump Is Lying More, and He\'s Doing It on Purpose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=It%27s+True%3A+Trump+Is+Lying+More%2C+and+He%27s+Doing+It+on+Purpose&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fletter-from-trumps-washington%2Ftrumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-741"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-741">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFinnegan" class="citation news cs1">Finnegan, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html">"Scope of Trump\'s falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Scope+of+Trump%27s+falsehoods+unprecedented+for+a+modern+presidential+candidate&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-742"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-742">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/">"The \'King of Whoppers\': Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></i>. December 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>In the 12 years of FactCheck.org\'s existence, we\'ve never seen his match.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=The+%27King+of+Whoppers%27%3A+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-743"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-743">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKesslerKelly2017" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Michelle Ye Hee; <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Kelly, Meg (October 10, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days">"President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+1%2C318+false+or+misleading+claims+over+263+days&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Glenn&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F10%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Kessler-190429-744"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler-190429_744-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (April 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/">"President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+10%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F29%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-745"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-745">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (November 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/">"President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+6%2C420+false+or+misleading+claims+over+649+days&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F11%2F02%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-746"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-746">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (September 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/">"President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+5%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F09%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-747"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-747">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (January 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/20/president-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years/">"President Trump made 16,241 false or misleading claims in his first three years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+made+16%2C241+false+or+misleading+claims+in+his+first+three+years&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F01%2F20%2Fpresident-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-PolitiFact_1/21/2017-748"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PolitiFact_1/21/2017_748-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFQiu2017" class="citation news cs1">Qiu, Linda (January 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/">"Donald Trump had biggest inaugural crowd ever? Metrics don\'t show it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205200625/http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2017/jan/21/sean-spicer/trump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don/">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+had+biggest+inaugural+crowd+ever%3F+Metrics+don%27t+show+it&rft.date=2017-01-21&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ftruth-o-meter%2Fstatements%2F2017%2Fjan%2F21%2Fsean-spicer%2Ftrump-had-biggest-inaugural-crowd-ever-metrics-don%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Rein_3/6/2017-749"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rein_3/6/2017_749-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRein2017" class="citation news cs1">Rein, Lisa (March 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/">"Here are the photos that show Obama\'s inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump\'s"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307222653/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here+are+the+photos+that+show+Obama%27s+inauguration+crowd+was+bigger+than+Trump%27s&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpowerpost%2Fwp%2F2017%2F03%2F06%2Fhere-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-20200319washingtonpost-750"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200319washingtonpost_750-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNisen2020" class="citation news cs1">Nisen, Max (March 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/trump-is-overhyping-unproven-coronavirus-drugs/2020/03/19/ed1ff4e2-6a1a-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html">"Trump Is Overhyping Unproven Coronavirus Drugs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Manhattan+D.A.+Subpoenas+Trump+Organization+Over+Stormy+Daniels+Hush+Money&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.aulast=Protess&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Rashbaum%2C+William+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-849"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-849">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRashbaumProtess2019" class="citation news cs1">Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben (September 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html">"8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=8+Years+of+Trump+Tax+Returns+Are+Subpoenaed+by+Manhattan+D.A.&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.aulast=Rashbaum&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rft.au=Protess%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-850"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-850">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2017" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rosenberg" title="Matthew Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Matthew</a> (July 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html">"Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don\'t Need to Agree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Misleads+on+Russian+Meddling%3A+Why+17+Intelligence+Agencies+Don%27t+Need+to+Agree&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Declassified_Report-851"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Declassified_Report_851-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html">"Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. January 6, 2017. p. ii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2017</span>. <q>We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia\'s goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton</a>, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Intelligence+Report+on+Russian+Hacking&rft.pages=ii&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F01%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdocument-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-852"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-852">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2017" class="citation news cs1">Berman, Russell (March 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/">"It\'s Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump\'s Links to Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Mueller\'s investigation bolstered those findings and demonstrated ways in which Trump and his campaign aided or encouraged those interference efforts, even if unwittingly.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+briefly+acknowledges+that+Russia+aided+his+election+%E2%80%93+and+falsely+says+he+didn%27t+help+the+effort&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft.aulast=Bump&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F05%2F30%2Ftrump-briefly-acknowledges-that-russia-aided-his-election-falsely-says-he-didnt-help-effort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-WaPoLays-883"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaPoLays_883-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2019" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt (April 17, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/attorney-general-to-provide-overview-of-mueller-report-at-news-conference-before-its-release/2019/04/17/8dcc9440-54b9-11e9-814f-e2f46684196e_story.html">"Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+sought+his+lawyers%27+advice+weeks+ago+on+possibility+of+pardoning+Manafort%2C+Giuliani+says&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=Leonnig&rft.aufirst=Carol+D.&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-sought-his-lawyers-advice-weeks-ago-on-possibility-of-pardoning-manafort-but-they-counseled-against-it-giuliani-says%2F2018%2F08%2F23%2F17dce5c6-a70a-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-889"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-889">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarrettZapotoskyHelderman2018" class="citation news cs1">Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Helderman" title="Rosalind Helderman">Helderman, Rosalind S.</a> (November 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html">"Michael Cohen, Trump\'s former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Michael+Cohen%2C+Trump%27s+former+lawyer%2C+pleads+guilty+to+lying+to+Congress+about+Moscow+project&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft.au=Zapotosky%2C+Matt&rft.au=Helderman%2C+Rosalind+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress%2F2018%2F11%2F29%2F5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-890"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-890">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMangan2018" class="citation news cs1">Mangan, Dan (July 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/30/giuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html">"Trump and Giuliani are right that \'collusion is not a crime.\' But that doesn\'t matter for Mueller\'s probe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Trump+and+Giuliani+are+right+that+%27collusion+is+not+a+crime.%27+But+that+doesn%27t+matter+for+Mueller%27s+probe&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F07%2F30%2Fgiuliani-is-right-collusion-isnt-a-crime-but-that-wont-help-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-891"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-891">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950">"Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. December 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Mueller+investigation%3A+No+jail+time+sought+for+Trump+ex-adviser+Michael+Flynn&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-46449950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note--200220-892"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref--200220_892-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/roger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court/2020/02/19/2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html">"Roger Stone sentenced to three years and four months in prison, as Trump predicts \'exoneration\' for his friend"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Roger+Stone+sentenced+to+three+years+and+four+months+in+prison%2C+as+Trump+predicts+%27exoneration%27+for+his+friend&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fpublic-safety%2Froger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court%2F2020%2F02%2F19%2F2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-893"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-893">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html">"House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Republican+Report+On+The+Impeachment+Inquiry&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F12%2F02%2F784183484%2Fread-republican-report-on-the-impeachment-inquiry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-Siegel-919"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Siegel_919-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSiegelFaulders2019" class="citation news cs1">Siegel, Benjamin; Faulders, Katherine (December 13, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/house-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles/story?id=67706093">"House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=House+Judiciary+Committee+passes+articles+of+impeachment+against+President+Trump&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.au=Faulders%2C+Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fhouse-judiciary-committee-set-vote-trump-impeachment-articles%2Fstory%3Fid%3D67706093&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-920"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-920">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGregorian2019" class="citation news cs1">Gregorian, Dareh (December 18, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/trump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196">"Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+impeached+by+the+House+for+abuse+of+power%2C+obstruction+of+Congress&rft.date=2019-12-18&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-impeachment-inquiry%2Ftrump-impeached-house-abuse-power-n1104196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-921"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-921">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerb2020" class="citation news cs1">Herb, Jeremy (January 16, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/16/politics/senate-impeachment-trial-starts/index.html">"Senate impeachment trial of Donald Trump officially begins"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Senate+impeachment+trial+of+Donald+Trump+officially+begins&rft.date=2020-01-16&rft.aulast=Herb&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F16%2Fpolitics%2Fsenate-impeachment-trial-starts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-922"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-922">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGregorian2020" class="citation news cs1">Gregorian, Dareh (January 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/senate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861">"Senate passes McConnell impeachment rules after nearly 13 hours of debate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Senate+passes+McConnell+impeachment+rules+after+nearly+13+hours+of+debate&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-impeachment-inquiry%2Fsenate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-923"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-923">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKimWagnerDemirjian2019" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seung_Min_Kim" title="Seung Min Kim">Kim, Seung Min</a>; Wagner, John; <a href="/wiki/Karoun_Demirjian" title="Karoun Demirjian">Demirjian, Karoun</a> (January 23, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments/2020/01/23/3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html">"Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Democrats+detail+abuse-of-power+charge+against+Trump+as+Republicans+complain+of+repetitive+arguments&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Seung+Min&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft.au=Demirjian%2C+Karoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdemocrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments%2F2020%2F01%2F23%2F3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-brazen-924"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brazen_924-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brazen_924-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShearFandos2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fandos" title="Nicholas Fandos">Fandos, Nicholas</a> (January 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/us/politics/house-trump-impeachment.html">"Trump\'s Defense Team Calls Impeachment Charges \'Brazen\' as Democrats Make Legal Case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Defense+Team+Calls+Impeachment+Charges+%27Brazen%27+as+Democrats+Make+Legal+Case&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Fandos%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhouse-trump-impeachment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-925"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-925">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerbMattinglyRajuFox2020" class="citation news cs1">Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; <a href="/wiki/Manu_Raju" title="Manu Raju">Raju, Manu</a>; Fox, Lauren (January 31, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/31/politics/senate-impeachment-trial-last-day/index.html">"Senate impeachment trial: Wednesday acquittal vote scheduled after effort to have witnesses fails"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Senate+impeachment+trial%3A+Wednesday+acquittal+vote+scheduled+after+effort+to+have+witnesses+fails&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Herb&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Mattingly%2C+Phil&rft.au=Raju%2C+Manu&rft.au=Fox%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F31%2Fpolitics%2Fsenate-impeachment-trial-last-day%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-926"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-926">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBookbinder2020" class="citation news cs1">Bookbinder, Noah (January 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/01/09/senate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one/">"The Senate has conducted 15 impeachment trials. It heard witnesses in every one"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Senate+has+conducted+15+impeachment+trials.+It+heard+witnesses+in+every+one.&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft.aulast=Bookbinder&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2F2020%2F01%2F09%2Fsenate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-927"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-927">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFandos2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fandos" title="Nicholas Fandos">Fandos, Nicholas</a> (February 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/trump-acquitted-impeachment.html">"Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Acquitted+of+Two+Impeachment+Charges+in+Near+Party-Line+Vote&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft.aulast=Fandos&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-acquitted-impeachment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n<li id="cite_note-928"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-928">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)" title="Peter Baker (journalist)">Baker, Peter</a> (February 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/22/us/politics/trump-disloyalty-turnover.html">"Trump\'s Efforts to Remove the Disloyal Heightens Unease Across His Administration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Efforts+to+Remove+the+Disloyal+Heightens+Unease+Across+His+Administration&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-disloyalty-turnover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>\n</li>\n</ol></div>\n<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Works_cited">Works cited</span></h3>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">\n<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBarrett2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Barrett" title="Wayne Barrett">Barrett, Wayne</a> (2016) [First published 1992]. <i>Trump: The Deals and the Downfall</i> (First Regan Art Paperback ed.). <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6"><bdi>978-1-682450-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Deals+and+the+Downfall&rft.edition=First+Regan+Art+Paperback&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-682450-79-6&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/> Paperback title: <i>The greatest show on Earth – The deals, the downfall, the reinvention</i>.</li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ"><i>Donald Trump: The Candidate</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1"><bdi>978-1-4391-2937-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+The+Candidate&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dig1ZCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFBlair2015b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015b) [First published 2001]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ"><i>The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9"><bdi>978-1-5011-3936-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJifCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFGallup1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup_Jr." title="George Gallup Jr.">Gallup, George Jr.</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC"><i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3"><bdi>978-0-8420-2344-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion+1989&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7Tf_1GzlHEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFPacelle2001" class="citation book cs1">Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empire00mitc"><i>Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2"><bdi>978-0-471-23865-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire%3A+A+Tale+of+Obsession%2C+Betrayal%2C+and+the+Battle+for+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-471-23865-2&rft.aulast=Pacelle&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempire00mitc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFKranishFisher2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Fisher" title="Marc Fisher">Fisher, Marc</a> (2017) [First published 2016]. <a href="/wiki/Trump_Revealed" title="Trump Revealed"><i>Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6"><bdi>978-1-5011-5652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump+Revealed%3A+The+Definitive+Biography+of+the+45th+President&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6&rft.aulast=Kranish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991" class="citation book cs1">O\'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991) [First published 1991]. <a href="/wiki/Trumped!_(book)" title="Trumped! (book)"><i>Trumped!</i></a>. Crossroad Press Trade Edition. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5"><bdi>978-1946025-26-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trumped%21&rft.pub=Crossroad+Press+Trade+Edition&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1946025-26-5&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Rutherford%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009" class="citation book cs1">Trump, Donald J.; <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Schwartz, Tony</a> (2009) [First published 1987]. <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumpartofdeal0000trum"><i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0"><bdi>978-0-446-35325-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Art+of+the+Deal&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-446-35325-0&rft.aulast=Trump&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrumpartofdeal0000trum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li>\n<li><cite id="CITEREFWooten2009" class="citation book cs1">Wooten, Sara (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC"><i>Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Enslow_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Enslow Publishers">Enslow Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6"><bdi>978-0-7660-2890-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+From+Real+Estate+to+Reality+TV&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6&rft.aulast=Wooten&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIPOonZnkDEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></li></ul>\n</div>\n<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>\n<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Donald Trump</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">\n<ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump">Resources in your library</a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>\n</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em">\nBy Donald Trump</th></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">\n<ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump">Resources in your library</a></li>\n<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>\n</tr></tbody></table>\n<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump">Trump\'s profile on WhiteHouse.gov</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump">Donald Trump</a> on Twitter (personal)</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230">Donald Trump</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump">Donald Trump collected news and commentary</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159">Donald Trump collected news and commentary</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump">Donald Trump appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumparchive">Donald Trump</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>\n<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump">Talking About Donald Trump</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Interviews:_An_Oral_History_of_Television" title="The Interviews: An Oral History of Television">The Interviews: An Oral History of Television</a></li></ul>\n<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Donald_Trump" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump" title="Template:Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Donald_Trump&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donald_Trump" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Trump</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_45th_President_of_the_United_States_(2017–present)_*_Owner_of_The_Trump_Organization_(Chairman/President:_1971–2017)_*_Executive_producer_of_The_Apprentice_(Host:_2004–2015)">\n<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2017–present)</span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap">Owner of <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></span> (Chairman/President: 1971–2017)</li>\n<li><span class="nowrap">Executive producer of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i> (Host: 2004–2015)</span></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">Election</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election">Reactions</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">first 100 days</a></li>\n<li>2017\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>2018\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>2019\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>2020\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">domestic trips</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)">2020</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international trips</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">withdrawn</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">ambassadors</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">economic advisors</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">federal judges</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Neil Gorsuch</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Brett Kavanaugh</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">short tenures</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">Inspectors General</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">James Comey</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Pardons and commutations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">Joe Arpaio</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li></ul></li>\n<li>Government shutdowns\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></li></ul>\n</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="2096" /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="image"><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />politics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">legal affairs</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a>\n<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors and awards</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_(2015%E2%80%9316)" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump (2015–16)">positions as candidate</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li>\n<li>Israel–Palestine\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal withdrawal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li>\n<li>North Korea summits\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Timeline of protests against Donald Trump">timeline</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Disorderly_conduct_at_Donald_Trump_rally" title="Disorderly conduct at Donald Trump rally">assassination attempt</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts to impeach</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">Lawsuits</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John\'s Church</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Deal" title="Trump: The Art of the Deal">Trump: The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_Surviving_at_the_Top" title="Trump: Surviving at the Top">Trump: Surviving at the Top</a></i> (1990)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Comeback" title="Trump: The Art of the Comeback">Trump: The Art of the Comeback</a></i> (1997)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_America_We_Deserve" title="The America We Deserve">The America We Deserve</a></i> (2000)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_101" title="Trump 101">Trump 101</a></i> (2006)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Want_You_to_Be_Rich" title="Why We Want You to Be Rich">Why We Want You to Be Rich</a></i> (2006)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Think_Big_and_Kick_Ass" title="Think Big and Kick Ass">Think Big and Kick Ass</a></i> (2007)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Time_to_Get_Tough" title="Time to Get Tough">Time to Get Tough</a></i> (2011)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Midas_Touch_(book)" title="Midas Touch (book)">Midas Touch</a></i> (2011)</li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crippled_America" title="Crippled America">Crippled America</a></i> (2015)</li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inaugural address</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/February_2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2017 Donald Trump speech to joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_speech_in_Warsaw,_Poland" title="Donald Trump's speech in Warsaw, Poland">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_address" title="Oval Office address">Oval Office address</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2019_Oval_Office_address" title="January 2019 Oval Office address">2019</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Oval_Office_Address" title="March 2020 Oval Office Address">2020</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016 presidential campaign</a>\n<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>"</li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican primaries</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 general election</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Voters_Against_Trump" title="Republican Voters Against Trump">Republican Voters Against Trump</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">Republican opposition</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech" title="Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech">Mitt Romney speech</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> recording</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies" title="List of post-election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020 Republican primaries</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 general election</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">filmography</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">in music</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>SNL</i> parodies</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Immediate family</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/85-15_Wareham_Place" title="85-15 Wareham Place">85-15 Wareham Place</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_(Bedminster,_New_Jersey)" title="Trump National Golf Club (Bedminster, New Jersey)">Bedminster</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visionary" title="The Visionary">The Visionary</a></i></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">On social media</a>\n<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li>\n<li><i><a href="/wiki/Real_News_Update" title="Real News Update">Real News Update</a></i></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Covfefe" title="Covfefe">Covfefe</a></li></ul></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Fake_News_Awards" title="Fake News Awards">Fake News Awards</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames used by Trump</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Pseudonyms_of_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms of Donald Trump">Pseudonyms</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Force_One" title="Trump Force One">Trump Force One</a></li>\n<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome" title="Trump derangement syndrome">Trump derangement syndrome</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>\n<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">← Barack Obama</a></b></li></ul>\n<hr />\n<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump" title="Category:Donald Trump">Category</a></li>\n<li><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Book:Donald_Trump" title="Book:Donald Trump">Book</a></li></ul>\n</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>\n<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:175px"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on Wikipedia\'s</span><br /><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Donald_Trump" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Donald Trump">Media</a><br />from Commons</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/30px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/45px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Donald_Trump" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/Category:Donald Trump">News stories</a><br />from Wikinews</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:en:Donald_Trump#English" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/Category:en:Donald Trump">Definitions</a><br />from Wiktionary</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/25px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/38px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Donald_Trump" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Donald Trump">Quotations</a><br />from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Donald_John_Trump" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Donald John Trump">Source texts</a><br />from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" 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href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1127639">XX1127639</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BNF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BNF (identifier)">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j">cb12195835j</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j">(data)</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Name_and_Title_Authority_File_of_Catalonia" title="Name and Title Authority File of Catalonia">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a19573753">a19573753</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiNii (identifier)">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000084831&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000084831</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/13dc1600-baca-4aaf-beee-fb000b66ae24">13dc1600-baca-4aaf-beee-fb000b66ae24</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00476339">00476339</a></span></span></li>\n<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="唐納·川普 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="دونالد ترامپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4" title="דונלד טראמפ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="دونالد ترامب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84" title="도널드 트럼프 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Тръмп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Achinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ak"><a href="https://ak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Akan" lang="ak" hreflang="ak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Akan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Alemannisch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%93%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8C%86%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%95" title="ዶናልድ ጆን ትራምፕ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufenal_Trump" title="Dufenal Trump – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="دونالد ترامب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="ডোনাল্ড ট্ৰাম্প – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" title="Donald Tramp – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="دونالد ترامپ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duonalds_Tramps" title="Duonalds Tramps – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)\u200e</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रंप – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཐེ་རོན་ཕུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="دۆناڵد ترامپ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Трамп Дональд – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Ντόναλντ Τραμπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe\'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B3_%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%80" title="𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍀 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AA" title="ડોનાલ્ડ ટ્રંપ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83" title="Դոնալդ Թրամփ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.donald._trump." title="la .donald. trump. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ ტრამპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B_%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86" title="ដូណាល់ ត្រាំ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡೊನಾಲ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರಂಪ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Трамп – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldus_Trump" title="Donaldus Trump – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%8C" title="ໂດນັນ ທຣັມປ໌ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donalds_Tramps" title="Donalds Tramps – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡോണൾഡ് ട്രംപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" title="ဒေါ်နယ်လ် ထရန့် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" title="Трамп, Дональд – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="دونالد ترامپ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-na"><a href="https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Nauru" lang="na" hreflang="na" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dorerin Naoero</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastiin_al%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85j%C4%AF%CA%BC_dahsid%C3%A1h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_Donald_Trump" title="Hastiin alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí Donald Trump – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA" title="ଡୋନାଲ୍ଡ ଟ୍ରମ୍ପ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA" title="ਡੌਨਲਡ ਟਰੰਪ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" title="ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Дональд Джон Трамп – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%8A_%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" title="ڊونلڊ ٽرمپ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A" title="ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්\u200dරම්ප් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="டோனால்ட் டிரம்ப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D" title="డోనాల్డ్ ట్రంప్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" title="Доналд Трамп – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="ดอนัลด์ ทรัมป์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" title="Donald Tramp – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="دانىلد ترامپ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" title="ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" title="唐納德·川普 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="დონალდ ტრამპი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4" title="דאנאלד טראמפ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E4%BE%B5" title="當勞侵 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Трамп, Дональд Џьон – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аҧсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8%D5%AC%D5%BF_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83" title="Տանըլտ Թրամփ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AF" title="ᱫᱳᱳᱚᱫᱷ ᱛᱨᱚᱱᱯ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donal_Traamp" title="Donal Traamp – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" title="Donald Tramp – Crimean Turkish" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump" title="Donald John Trump – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89_%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" title="ډونالډ ټرامپ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8A" title="Доналдъ Трампъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li></ul>\n\t\t<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22686#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>\n\t</div>\n</nav>\n\n\n</div>\n\n</div>\n\n<footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo" >\n\t<ul id="footer-info" >\n\t\t<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 July 2020, at 19:28<span 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[\\"CITEREFBagli2005\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBajakLiedtke\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaker2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaker2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaker2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerDruckerCraigBarstow2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerEdmondson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerHaberman\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerHabermanShear2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerRogersEnrichHaberman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBakerSang-Hun2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaldor2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarabak2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarbaro2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarbaroEder2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarkun2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarnes2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarnesCooper2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarnesRosenberg2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrett2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrettFrosch2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrettRucker2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarrettZapotoskyHelderman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarro2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarron2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettner2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaumgaertnerRainey2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBaylis2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBeauchamp2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBeavers2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBecker2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBecket2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBeckwith2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBenen2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBerenson2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBerman2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBernstein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBerry2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlair2001\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlair2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlair2015a\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlair2015b\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlake2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlake2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlake2020\\"] = 5,\\n [\\"CITEREFBlow2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBobic2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBobicStein2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBobo2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBondarenko\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBookbinder2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorakEgan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorchers2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorger2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorgerChulov2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorgerSmith2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorundaMartinez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBoseShalal2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBouder2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBradner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBradnerFrehse2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrenner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBreuninger2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBreuninger2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrice2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrown2005\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBruggeman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrunnstromSpetalnick2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuchananYourish2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBudryk2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuettnerCraig2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2019\\"] = 4,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuncombe2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBurns2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBurnsHabermanMartin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFButterfield1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCalabresi2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCalamur2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFCaliaPramuk2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCampbellSpector2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCapuzzo1993\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarney2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarothersBrown2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarroll2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCassidy2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChakraborty2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChalfant2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChalfantSamuels2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChamberlain2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChappellNeuman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCheney2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCheneyDesiderio2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChozick2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizzaFahrenthold2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFClift2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCloudPringleStokols2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCoaston2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohan\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohen2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohenPolantzShortell2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohn2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColeGarvey2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCollman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColvin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColvinBarrow2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFComey2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCongerAlba2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFConley2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCooke2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCooper2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCorkeryKarni2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCosta2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCostaRucker2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCrockett2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCrowleyHassanSchmitt2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCuff1988\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCunningham2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFD\\u0026#039;Antonio2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFDangremond2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFDanner2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavis2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisPear2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisShear2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisTackett2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDawsey2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDeYoung2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDe_Moraes2002\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDe_Vogue2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDemirjian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDennis\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDesilver2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDetrow2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamond2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamond2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamondLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamondMalloyDewan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDilanianWindrem2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDomonoskeGonzales2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDrinkardWoodward2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDucharme2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDueck2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDuehren2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDunlap2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDwoskin2020\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFEckert2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEder2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEderPhilipps2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEderTwohey2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEdmondson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEdwards2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEhrenfreund2015\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFEilperinDawsey\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFElizabethRadcliffe1985\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEmery2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpstein\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpstein2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpsteinNelson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEvon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFabian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrenthold2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrenthold2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdBadeWagner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdHelderman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdO\\u0026#039;Harrow2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFandos2019\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFFandos2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarand2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarhi2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarivar\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarley2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarley2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarleyRobertsonGoreSpencer2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFeinbergBrantonMartinez-Ebers\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFeldman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFerris2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFinnegan\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFisher2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlanagan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitter2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitter2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitterOliphant2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFloodSingman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlores2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlores2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFoderaro1989\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFolkenflik2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFForgey2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFox2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFriedersdorf2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFritze2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFritze2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFrum2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGabriel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGallup1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGambinoWalters2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGarber2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGarcia2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGardner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeewax2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeist1984\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeorge2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeorgiou2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGera2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGibbs2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGillin2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGiroux2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGitell2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGladstone2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlasser2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlasser2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlynn1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGolden2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGoldmacher2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGordon2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGordonSchmittHaberman2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGorman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreenberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreenberg2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorian2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorianBennettWilliams2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreshkoParkerHowardStone2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrinbergPark2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrossmanHopkins2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrosz2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrynbaum2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrynbaumParker2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGunter2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGupta2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaberman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaberman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanBurns2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanMartin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanRappeport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanSchmidt2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHagen2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHalperin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHamburger2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHansler2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHansler2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHarrisDawseyNakashima2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHartigLapinskiPsyllos2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHauser2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHawley2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaynes2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHealyRappeport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHeeb2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHensch2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerb2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbBrown2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbMattinglyRajuFox2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbst2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerreria2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHersherNeelyin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHesson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHillyardHelsel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHogan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHolanQiu2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHollandRamptonMason2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHolshue2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHornaday2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHorowitz2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHorowitz2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHotakainen2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHowardLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHuet2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHurley2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHutzler2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHylton1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIngram2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFInman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFInwood2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIsidoreSahadi2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIsidoreSchuman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJacobs2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJaffeRyan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJagoda\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJansenHayes2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJanson1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnsonWagner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJones-Rooy2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJost2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJoyce2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKanno-YoungsBenner2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKarni2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKarniHaberman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKatersky2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKazin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeating2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeith\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeith2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKelly2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKellyWetherbee2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeneally2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeneallyMallin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKessler2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKessler2018\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerLee2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKharakhPrimack2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKielyFarleyRobertson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKim2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKimWagnerDemirjian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKlein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKodjak2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKoerner2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKonnikova2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKopan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKoppel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKramer2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKranish2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKranishFisher2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKrieg2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKumar2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKunzelmanGalvan2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKurtzlebel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKwong2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFrance2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFraniere2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFraniere2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaVito2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLajevardiOskooii2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLamothe\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLamothe2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLanders2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLandlerCooperSchmitt2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaughland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaw2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLawderBlanchard2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLederman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLee2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeeKesslerKelly2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeibovich2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLelinwalla2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemire2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemireColvin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemireNadler2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeonnigDawsey2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeonnigZapotoskyDawseyTan2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLerner2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevine2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevineRosenberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevingston2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLewandowskiHicks2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLichtblau2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLinkins2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptonCraig2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptonSangerHabermanShear2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLockett2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLongAlonso-Zaldivar2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLongStein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLopez2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLopez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLorenzo2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLowe2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLozada2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLucas2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuce2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuckhurst2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuhby2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMacAskill2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMacKinnon2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMadison2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMadison2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMahlerEder2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMahlerFlegenheimer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaizland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaltz2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMangan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarcin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarkazi2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarquardtCrook2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarshallZakMetz\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMartin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaru\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMascaro2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMascaroJalonickMillerLong2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMayer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMazzetti2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcArdle2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCammon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCann2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCarthy\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCarthy2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCausland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCormickJacobs2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCoy2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcElweeMcDaniel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcGranahan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcGrane2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcNeil_Jr.2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcPherson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcQuade2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeixler2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeredith2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeredithBryer2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerica2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerle2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerleKranishSonmez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMiller2014\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMiroffBlanco2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMitchell2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontenaro2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontopoli2011\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontoya-Galvez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoody2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoody2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorehouse2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorin2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorris2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoyerStarrsLarimer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMueller2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMui2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMuller2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMurrayBorgerDiamond2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMustian2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFNakamuraKim2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNededog2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelson2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelson2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelsonMcGann2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelsonNussbaum2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNesbit2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNeumeisterHays2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNewburger2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNichols2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNichols2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNisen2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNissenbaumSaidMalsin2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNoah2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNorris1995\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNussbaum2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNussbaum2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Brien2005\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Brien2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Connor2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;DonnellRutherford1991\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Hara\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Neil2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOh2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOhlheiser2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOprysko2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOreskes1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOsborne2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOstrikerPuzzangheraFinucaneDatar\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPacelle2001\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPager2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalazzoloRothfeldAlpert2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalca2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalettaWerner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPanetta2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPark2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParker2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkerDavenport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkerLandayStrobel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkinsonGauthier-Villars2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParnes2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPascoe2009\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPear2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPearle2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPelley2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPengelly2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPenzenstadlerPage2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPerezDiamond2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPeters2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPetersHaberman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPeterson-Withorn2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPfiffner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPhelpsStruyk2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPhillips2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPilon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPlumer2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPopovichAlbeck-RipkaPierre-Louis2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPradhan2017\\"] = 1,\\n 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<h1 class="firstHeading" id="firstHeading" lang="en">Donald Trump</h1>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">45th president of the United States</div>
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<table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;">Donald Trump</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" title="Official White House portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie."><img alt="Official White House portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie." data-file-height="2850" data-file-width="2250" decoding="async" height="279" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">45th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br/>January 20, 2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Donald John Trump</div><br/><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1946-06-14</span>) </span>June 14, 1946<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 74)</span><br/><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Other political<br/>affiliations</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (until 1987, 2001–2009)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a> (1999–2001)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> (2011–2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a><br/>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span class="rt-commentedText" title="April 7, 1977">1977</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span class="rt-commentedText" title="March 22, 1992">1992</span>)</div></li>
<li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a><br/>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span class="rt-commentedText" title="December 20, 1993">1993</span>; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> <span class="rt-commentedText" title="June 8, 1999">1999</span>)</div></li>
<li><div style="display:inline;line-height:normal;margin:2px 0px;"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Melania_Knauss" title="Melania Knauss">Melania Knauss</a> (<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <span class="rt-commentedText" title="January 22, 2005">2005</span>)</div></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Children</th><td><div class="hlist hlist-separated">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Parents</th><td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a><br/><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod" title="Mary Anne MacLeod">Mary Anne MacLeod</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Relatives</th><td><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family of Donald Trump</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Residence</th><td class="label"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (official)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> (personal)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Full list</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/The_Wharton_School" title="The Wharton School">The Wharton School</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a> in <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Econ.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Net worth</th><td>US$2.1 billion (April 2020)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Signature</th><td><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Signature.svg" title="Donald Trump's signature"><img alt="Donald J Trump stylized autograph, in ink" data-file-height="126" data-file-width="272" decoding="async" height="59" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/128px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/192px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/256px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 2x" width="128"/></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><span class="url"><a class="external text" href="https://donaldjtrump.com" rel="nofollow">Official website</a></span></li>
<li><span class="url"><a class="external text" href="https://whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump" rel="nofollow">White House website</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_official_portrait_(cropped).jpg"><img alt="Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg" class="thumbborder" data-file-height="2096" data-file-width="1520" decoding="async" height="103" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="75"/></a></td>
<td style="background: #002466; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;"><div style="font-size:85%; line-height:normal;"><span style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br/>a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: #FFF">Donald Trump</span></a></span></span></td>
</tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;padding:0.3em;">
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States"><span style="color:#000">President of the United States</span></a></div>
<div style="color:#71531C;"><div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Incumbent</div>
</div>
<hr/>
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">pardons</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a></li></ul></li>
<li>North Korea summits
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li>
<li>Shutdowns
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">Jan 2018</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">Lawsuits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Social media</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity</a></li>
<li>Killings
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">al-Baghdadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Soleimani</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li></ul>
<hr/>
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Federal judges</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Executive_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Executive appointments by Donald Trump">Executives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<hr/>
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></div>
<ul><li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Palestine peace plan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">migrant detentions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">troop deployments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">national emergency</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space</a></li></ul>
<hr/>
<div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">Early efforts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">Inquiry and hearings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Senate trial</a></li></ul>
<hr/>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Presidential campaigns</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Reform_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Reform Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">election</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">people</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">sexual misconduct allegations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> tape</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spygate_(conspiracy_theory)" title="Spygate (conspiracy theory)">Spygate</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">election</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies" title="List of post-election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr/>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Controversies involving Russia</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects in Russia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Election interference</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Topical_timeline_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Topical timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">topics</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Associates' links with Russian officials</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_meeting" title="Trump Tower meeting">Trump Tower meeting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">charges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">Barr letter</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr/>
<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;">Business and personal</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;text-align:center;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)"><i>The Apprentice</i></a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">Filmography</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">Eponyms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump">SNL parodies</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a></li></ul>
</div></div>
<hr/>
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<p><b>Donald John Trump</b> (born June 14, 1946) is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States#Presidents" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">current president</a> of the United States. Before entering politics, he <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">was a businessman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">television personality</a>.
</p><p>Trump was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, a borough of New York City, and received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in economics from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Wharton_School" title="Wharton School">Wharton School</a>. He took charge of his family's real-estate business in 1971, renamed it <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>, and expanded its operations from Queens and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> into <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization#Other_ventures_and_investments" title="The Trump Organization">various side ventures</a>, mostly by licensing his name. He bought the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> brand of <a href="/wiki/Beauty_pageant" title="Beauty pageant">beauty pageants</a> in 1996, and sold it in 2015. He produced and hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> series, from 2003 to 2015. As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> estimated his net worth to be $2.1 billion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-1"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Trump's political positions</a> have been described as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Populist" title="Populist">populist</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Protectionist" title="Protectionist">protectionist</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nationalist" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>. He entered the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential race</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> and was elected in a surprise victory over <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a>, although he lost the popular vote.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-electoral-college_2-0"><a href="#cite_note-electoral-college-2">[b]</a></sup> He became <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_age" title="List of presidents of the United States by age">the oldest</a> first-term <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._president" title="U.S. president">U.S. president</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a></sup> and the first without <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of presidents of the United States by previous experience">prior military or government service</a>. His election and policies have sparked <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">numerous protests</a>. Trump has made <a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">many false or misleading statements</a> during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fact-checker" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics. Many of his <a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">comments and actions</a> have been characterized as racially charged or racist.
</p><p>During his presidency, Trump <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">ordered a travel ban</a> on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after <a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a>, the Supreme Court upheld <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">the policy's third revision</a>. He enacted <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">a tax-cut package</a> for individuals and businesses, rescinding the <a href="/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a> penalty. He appointed <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Brett Kavanaugh</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an <a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a> agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> trade negotiations, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a> on climate change, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a>. He <a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">imposed import tariffs</a> which triggered <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">a trade war with China</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War#Withdrawal_from_north_Syria" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">withdrew U.S. troops from northern Syria</a>. Trump met thrice with North Korea's leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>, but talks on <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Denuclearization" title="Denuclearization">denuclearization</a> broke down in 2019. Trump began running for a second term shortly after becoming president.
</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">special counsel investigation</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a> found that Trump and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">his campaign</a> welcomed and encouraged <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election</a> under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">criminal conspiracy</a> or coordination with Russia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coordination_4-0"><a href="#cite_note-coordination-4">[d]</a></sup> Mueller also investigated Trump for <a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">his report</a> neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that offense. After Trump <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">solicited the investigation of a political rival by Ukraine</a>, the House of Representatives <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">impeached him</a> in December 2019 for <a href="/wiki/Abuse_of_power" title="Abuse of power">abuse of power</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_Congress" title="Obstruction of Congress">obstruction of Congress</a>. <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">The Senate acquitted him</a> of both charges in February 2020.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" class="toc" id="toc" role="navigation"><input class="toctogglecheckbox" id="toctogglecheckbox" role="button" style="display:none" type="checkbox"/><div class="toctitle" dir="ltr" lang="en"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Military_deferment"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Military deferment</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Family"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Family</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#Parents_and_siblings"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Parents and siblings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Wives_and_children"><span class="tocnumber">1.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Wives and children</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Health_and_lifestyle"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health and lifestyle</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Wealth"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Wealth</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Business_career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Business career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Real_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Real estate</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Manhattan_developments"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Manhattan developments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-13"><a href="#Palm_Beach_estate"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Palm Beach estate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#Atlantic_City_casinos"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Atlantic City casinos</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#Golf_courses"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Golf courses</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Branding_and_licensing"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Branding and licensing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Legal_affairs_and_bankruptcies"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Legal affairs and bankruptcies</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Side_ventures"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Side ventures</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Trump_University"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Trump University</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Foundation"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Foundation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Conflicts_of_interest"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Conflicts of interest</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Media_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Media career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Books"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Books</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#WWE"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">WWE</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#The_Apprentice"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>The Apprentice</i></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Acting"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Acting</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Talk_shows"><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span> <span class="toctext">Talk shows</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#Political_career"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Political career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Political_activities_up_to_2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Political activities up to 2015</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="#2000_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">2000 presidential campaign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="#2012_presidential_speculation"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">2012 presidential speculation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="#2013–2015"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">2013–2015</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#2016_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">2016 presidential campaign</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="#Republican_primaries"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Republican primaries</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="#General_election_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">General election campaign</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-36"><a href="#Political_positions"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Political positions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-37"><a href="#Campaign_rhetoric"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Campaign rhetoric</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-38"><a href="#Support_from_the_far_right"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Support from the far right</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-39"><a href="#Financial_disclosures"><span class="tocnumber">4.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Financial disclosures</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Election_to_the_presidency"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Election to the presidency</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Protests"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Protests</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#2020_presidential_campaign"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">2020 presidential campaign</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Presidency"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Presidency</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44"><a href="#Early_actions"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early actions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45"><a href="#Domestic_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Domestic policy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-46"><a href="#Economy_and_trade"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economy and trade</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-47"><a href="#Energy_and_climate"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Energy and climate</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-48"><a href="#Government_size_and_deregulation"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Government size and deregulation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-49"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-50"><a href="#Social_issues"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Social issues</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-51"><a href="#Pardons_and_commutations"><span class="tocnumber">5.2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Pardons and commutations</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52"><a href="#Immigration"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Immigration</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-53"><a href="#Travel_ban"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Travel ban</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-54"><a href="#Family_separation_at_border"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Family separation at border</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-55"><a href="#Migrant_detentions"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Migrant detentions</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-56"><a href="#2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.4</span> <span class="toctext">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-57"><a href="#National_emergency_regarding_the_southern_border"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.5</span> <span class="toctext">National emergency regarding the southern border</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-58"><a href="#Trump_wall"><span class="tocnumber">5.3.6</span> <span class="toctext">Trump wall</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59"><a href="#Foreign_policy"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-60"><a href="#ISIS,_Syria,_and_Afghanistan"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-61"><a href="#Iran"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Iran</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-62"><a href="#Israel"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Israel</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-63"><a href="#China"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.4</span> <span class="toctext">China</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-64"><a href="#North_Korea"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.5</span> <span class="toctext">North Korea</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-65"><a href="#Russia"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Russia</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-66"><a href="#Cuba"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.7</span> <span class="toctext">Cuba</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-67"><a href="#Venezuela"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.8</span> <span class="toctext">Venezuela</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-68"><a href="#NATO"><span class="tocnumber">5.4.9</span> <span class="toctext">NATO</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-69"><a href="#Personnel"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-70"><a href="#Dismissal_of_James_Comey"><span class="tocnumber">5.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Dismissal of James Comey</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-71"><a href="#COVID-19_pandemic"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">COVID-19 pandemic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-72"><a href="#Lafayette_Square_protester_removal_and_photo_op"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-73"><a href="#Public_profile"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Public profile</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-74"><a href="#Approval_ratings"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Approval ratings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-75"><a href="#Social_media"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Social media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-76"><a href="#False_statements"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">False statements</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-77"><a href="#Relationship_with_the_press"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Relationship with the press</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-78"><a href="#Racial_views"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Racial views</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-79"><a href="#Allegations_of_sexual_misconduct"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-80"><a href="#Allegations_of_inciting_violence"><span class="tocnumber">6.7</span> <span class="toctext">Allegations of inciting violence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-81"><a href="#Popular_culture"><span class="tocnumber">6.8</span> <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-82"><a href="#Recognition"><span class="tocnumber">6.9</span> <span class="toctext">Recognition</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-83"><a href="#Investigations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Investigations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-84"><a href="#Hush_payments"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Hush payments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-85"><a href="#Russian_interference"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Russian interference</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-86"><a href="#Special_counsel_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Special counsel investigation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-87"><a href="#Associates"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Associates</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-88"><a href="#2019_congressional_investigation"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">2019 congressional investigation</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-89"><a href="#Impeachment"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-90"><a href="#Impeachment_by_the_House_of_Representatives"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment by the House of Representatives</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-91"><a href="#Impeachment_trial_in_the_Senate"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment trial in the Senate</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-92"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-93"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-94"><a href="#Works_cited"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Works cited</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-95"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg"><img alt="A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1024" data-file-width="780" decoding="async" height="197" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/225px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/300px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 2x" width="150"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1964 New York Military Academy yearbook photo</div></div></div>
<p>Trump was born on June 14, 1946, at Jamaica Hospital in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, New York City.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Birth_Certificate_5-0"><a href="#cite_note-Birth_Certificate-5">[1]</a></sup> His father was <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Frederick_Christ_Trump" title="Frederick Christ Trump">Frederick Christ Trump</a>, a Bronx-born real estate developer whose parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife <a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_MacLeod_Trump" title="Mary Anne MacLeod Trump">Mary Anne MacLeod Trump</a>. Trump grew up in the <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Estates,_Queens" title="Jamaica Estates, Queens">Jamaica Estates</a> neighborhood of Queens and attended the <a href="/wiki/Kew-Forest_School" title="Kew-Forest School">Kew-Forest School</a> from kindergarten through seventh grade.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_6-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-6">[2]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="#cite_note-7">[3]</a></sup> At age 13, he was enrolled in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Military_Academy" title="New York Military Academy">New York Military Academy</a>, a private boarding school.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_8-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-8">[4]</a></sup>
In 1964, he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Fordham_University" title="Fordham University">Fordham University</a>. Two years later he transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Wharton_School_of_the_University_of_Pennsylvania" title="Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania">Wharton School</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-0"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9">[5]</a></sup> While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10"><a href="#cite_note-10">[6]</a></sup> He graduated in May 1968 with a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> in economics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-1"><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9">[5]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-11"><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></sup> Profiles of Trump published in <i>The New York Times</i> in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton, but he had never made the school's honor roll.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12"><a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a></sup> In 2015, Trump's lawyer <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump's academic records.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-13"><a href="#cite_note-13">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Military_deferment">Military deferment</span></h4>
<p>While in college, Trump obtained four student <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">draft</a> deferments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-defer_14-0"><a href="#cite_note-defer-14">[10]</a></sup> In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-15"><a href="#cite_note-15">[11]</a></sup> In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified <span class="nowrap">1-Y</span> (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-0"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-16">[12]</a></sup> In 1972, he was reclassified <span class="nowrap">4-F</span> due to bone spurs, which permanently disqualified him from service.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SE_17-0"><a href="#cite_note-SE-17">[13]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-emery_18-0"><a href="#cite_note-emery-18">[14]</a></sup> Trump said in 2015 the deferment was for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bone_spur" title="Bone spur">bone spur</a> in his foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-1"><a href="#cite_note-Whitlock21July-16">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Family">Family</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Family of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="531" data-file-width="985" decoding="async" height="119" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/220px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/330px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg/440px-Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Family_Hand_Up.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump is <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">sworn in</a> as president by Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> on January 20, 2017. From left: Trump, wife <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania</a>, and his children <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a>.</div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Parents_and_siblings">Parents and siblings</span></h4>
<p><a href="/wiki/Fred_Trump" title="Fred Trump">Fred Trump</a> started working in real estate with his mother <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Christ_Trump" title="Elizabeth Christ Trump">Elizabeth</a> when he was 15, after his father <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Friedrich_Trump" title="Friedrich Trump">Friedrich</a> had died in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/1918_flu_pandemic" title="1918 flu pandemic">1918 flu pandemic</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19"><a href="#cite_note-19">[15]</a></sup> Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Blair1_20-0"><a href="#cite_note-Blair1-20">[16]</a></sup> was active in the <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">New York boroughs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dad_21-0"><a href="#cite_note-dad-21">[17]</a></sup> Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the <a href="/wiki/Anti-German_sentiment" title="Anti-German sentiment">anti-German sentiment</a> sparked by World War II;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNN_Swedish_22-0"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Swedish-22">[18]</a></sup> Donald Trump also claimed Swedish heritage until 1990.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-23"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> Trump's mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pilon_24-0"><a href="#cite_note-Pilon-24">[20]</a></sup> Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-25"><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a></sup> Trump grew up with three elder siblings – <a href="/wiki/Maryanne_Trump_Barry" title="Maryanne Trump Barry">Maryanne</a>, Fred Jr., and Elizabeth – and younger brother Robert.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26"><a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Wives_and_children">Wives and children</span></h4>
<p>In 1977, Trump married <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> model <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ivana_Zeln%C3%AD%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1" title="Ivana Zelníčková">Ivana Zelníčková</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300_27-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-27">[23]</a></sup> They have three children, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Jr." title="Donald Trump Jr.">Donald Jr.</a> (born 1977), <a href="/wiki/Ivanka_Trump" title="Ivanka Trump">Ivanka</a> (born 1981), and <a href="/wiki/Eric_Trump" title="Eric Trump">Eric</a> (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28"><a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a></sup> Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29"><a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a></sup> The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump's affair with actress <a href="/wiki/Marla_Maples" title="Marla Maples">Marla Maples</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-30"><a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a></sup> Maples and Trump married in 1993<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-31"><a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a></sup> and had one daughter, <a href="/wiki/Tiffany_Trump" title="Tiffany Trump">Tiffany</a> (born 1993).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Slate07202016_32-0"><a href="#cite_note-Slate07202016-32">[28]</a></sup> They were divorced in 1999,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33"><a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a></sup> and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-20161002_34-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20161002-34">[30]</a></sup> In 2005, Trump married <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> model <a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Knauss</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Post52208_35-0"><a href="#cite_note-Post52208-35">[31]</a></sup> They have one son, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Barron_Trump" title="Barron Trump">Barron</a> (born 2006).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36"><a href="#cite_note-36">[32]</a></sup> Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37"><a href="#cite_note-37">[33]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></h3>
<p>Trump identifies as <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a>. He went to <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Confirmation" title="Confirmation">confirmed</a> in 1959 at the <a href="/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_in_Jamaica" title="First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica">First Presbyterian Church</a> in Jamaica, Queens.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-0"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inactive_39-0"><a href="#cite_note-inactive-39">[35]</a></sup> In the 1970s, his parents joined the <a href="/wiki/Marble_Collegiate_Church" title="Marble Collegiate Church">Marble Collegiate Church</a> in Manhattan, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-1"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_40-0"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-40">[36]</a></sup> The pastor at Marble, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Vincent_Peale" title="Norman Vincent Peale">Norman Vincent Peale</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BarronNYT_38-2"><a href="#cite_note-BarronNYT-38">[34]</a></sup> ministered to Trump's family until Peale's death in 1993.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WaPo.March.18.17_40-1"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo.March.18.17-40">[36]</a></sup> Trump has described Peale as a mentor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]_41-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA81_81]-41">[37]</a></sup> In 2015, after Trump said he attends Marble, the church publicly stated he "is not an active member" of the church.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-inactive_39-1"><a href="#cite_note-inactive-39">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>While campaigning, Trump said, "Nothing beats the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Weigel11Aug_42-0"><a href="#cite_note-Weigel11Aug-42">[38]</a></sup> In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Televangelist" title="Televangelist">televangelist</a> <a href="/wiki/Paula_White" title="Paula White">Paula White</a>, to the White House Office of Public Liaison.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43"><a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_and_lifestyle">Health and lifestyle</span></h3>
<p>Trump <a href="/wiki/Teetotalism" title="Teetotalism">abstains from alcohol</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nytimesalc_44-0"><a href="#cite_note-nytimesalc-44">[40]</a></sup> He claims he has never smoked cigarettes or <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-smoke_45-0"><a href="#cite_note-smoke-45">[41]</a></sup> He likes <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> and French cuisine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-46"><a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47"><a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a></sup> He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48"><a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a></sup> He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", although he usually does not walk the course.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-49"><a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a></sup> He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-50"><a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2015, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Bornstein" title="Harold Bornstein">Harold Bornstein</a>, who had been Trump's personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-51"><a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a></sup> In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-52"><a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a></sup> and that three agents of Trump had removed his medical records in February 2017 without due authorization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Schechter_53-0"><a href="#cite_note-Schechter-53">[49]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2018, White House physician <a href="/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Ronny Jackson</a> said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-time-20180117_54-0"><a href="#cite_note-time-20180117-54">[50]</a></sup> Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump's 2018 <a href="/wiki/Low-density_lipoprotein" title="Low-density lipoprotein">LDL cholesterol</a> level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-20180117_55-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20180117-55">[51]</a></sup> In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician <a href="/wiki/Sean_Conley" title="Sean Conley">Sean Conley</a> said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Obese" title="Obese">obese</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-obese_56-0"><a href="#cite_note-obese-56">[52]</a></sup> His 2019 <a href="/wiki/Coronary_CT_calcium_scan" title="Coronary CT calcium scan">coronary CT calcium scan</a> score indicates he suffers from a form of <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a> common for white men of his age.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57"><a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2020, Conley released a memorandum saying "the data indicates that the President remains healthy."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-summary_58-0"><a href="#cite_note-summary-58">[54]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-memo_59-0"><a href="#cite_note-memo-59">[55]</a></sup> The memorandum was not the usual report issued after the annual physical exam. It summarized medical appointments that had taken place between November 2019 and 2020. It also said Trump had completed two-weeks of taking <a href="/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine" title="Hydroxychloroquine">hydroxychloroquine</a> with zinc and vitamin D "safely and without side effects" as a preventive measure against contracting <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-summary_58-1"><a href="#cite_note-summary-58">[54]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Wealth">Wealth</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">Wealth of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">Tax returns of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2885" data-file-width="4000" decoding="async" height="159" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/220px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and wife Ivana in the receiving line of a state dinner for King <a href="/wiki/Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Fahd of Saudi Arabia">Fahd of Saudi Arabia</a> in 1985,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60"><a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a></sup> with U.S. president <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> and First Lady <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></div></div></div>
<p>In 1982, Trump was listed on the initial <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family's estimated $200 million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OBrien2005Oct_61-0"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien2005Oct-61">[57]</a></sup> In its 2020 <a href="/wiki/Billionaire" title="Billionaire">billionaires</a> ranking, <i>Forbes</i> estimated Trump's net worth at $2.1 billion<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wealth_1-2"><a href="#cite_note-Wealth-1">[a]</a></sup> (1,001st in the world, 275th in the U.S.)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-forbes-billionaires_64-0"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-billionaires-64">[60]</a></sup> making him one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_American_politicians" title="List of richest American politicians">richest politicians in American history</a> and the first billionaire American president.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-forbes-billionaires_64-1"><a href="#cite_note-forbes-billionaires-64">[60]</a></sup> During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65"><a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a></sup> When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Federal_Elections_Commission" title="Federal Elections Commission">Federal Elections Commission</a> (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10 billion;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-financial-pr_66-0"><a href="#cite_note-financial-pr-66">[62]</a></sup> however, FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50 million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4 billion and debt over $265 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_67-0"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-67">[63]</a></sup> Trump said in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68"><a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a></sup>
</p><p>Journalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using the pseudonym "<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/John_Barron_(pseudonym)" title="John Barron (pseudonym)">John Barron</a>" and claiming to be a Trump Organization official, called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family's business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_400" title="Forbes 400">Forbes 400</a> list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that <i>Forbes</i> had vastly overestimated Trump's wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69"><a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-small-loan_70-0"><a href="#cite_note-small-loan-70">[66]</a></sup> In October 2018, <i>The New York Times</i> reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60 million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413 million (adjusted for inflation) from his father's business empire over his lifetime.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-takeaways_71-0"><a href="#cite_note-takeaways-71">[67]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Tax_Schemes_72-0"><a href="#cite_note-Tax_Schemes-72">[68]</a></sup> According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73"><a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_74-0"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-74">[70]</a></sup> Analyses by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> and <i>The Washington Post</i> have concluded that Trump's investments underperformed the stock market.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-econ_From_75-0"><a href="#cite_note-econ_From-75">[71]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76"><a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a></sup> Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump's personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77"><a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17 billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. <i>The New York Times</i> reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump's "core business losses in 1990 and 1991 – more than $250 million each year – were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Buettner-190508_78-0"><a href="#cite_note-Buettner-190508-78">[74]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Friedersdorf-190508_79-0"><a href="#cite_note-Friedersdorf-190508-79">[75]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Business_career">Business career</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Business_projects_of_Donald_Trump_in_Russia" title="Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia">Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Real_estate">Real estate</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3264" data-file-width="2448" decoding="async" height="227" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/170px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/255px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/340px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Distinctive façade of <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, headquarters of the Trump Organization in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a></div></div></div>
<p>Trump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred's real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City's outer boroughs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946_80-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946-80">[76]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> In 1971, he became president of the company and renamed it <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]_82-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]-82">[78]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Manhattan_developments">Manhattan developments</span></h4>
<p>Trump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family's first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Commodore Hotel</a>, adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>. The financing was facilitated by a $400 million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83"><a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a></sup> who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70 million in bank construction financing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kessler160303_84-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler160303-84">[80]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]_85-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-85">[81]</a></sup> The hotel reopened in 1980 as the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Grand Hyatt Hotel</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35_86-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35-86">[82]</a></sup> and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-use_development" title="Mixed-use development">mixed-use</a> skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-87"><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a></sup> The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump's primary residence until 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TrumpTowerResidence1_88-0"><a href="#cite_note-TrumpTowerResidence1-88">[84]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-moved_89-0"><a href="#cite_note-moved-89">[85]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1988, Trump acquired the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a> in Manhattan with a loan of $425 million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90"><a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a></sup> In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300 million of the debt.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-19950412_91-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-19950412-91">[87]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92"><a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at <a href="/wiki/40_Wall_Street" title="40 Wall Street">40 Wall Street</a>. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82_93-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82-93">[89]</a></sup> In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a 70-acre (28 ha) tract in the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> neighborhood near the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94"><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Palm_Beach_estate">Palm Beach estate</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="335" data-file-width="508" decoding="async" height="145" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/220px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/330px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/440px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Mar-a-Lago in 2009</div></div></div>
<p>In 1985, Trump acquired the <a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a> estate in <a href="/wiki/Palm_Beach,_Florida" title="Palm Beach, Florida">Palm Beach, Florida</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CP-W_95-0"><a href="#cite_note-CP-W-95">[91]</a></sup> Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-town&countryprice_96-0"><a href="#cite_note-town&countryprice-96">[92]</a></sup> The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-samD10-9-17_97-0"><a href="#cite_note-samD10-9-17-97">[93]</a></sup> On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-moved_89-1"><a href="#cite_note-moved-89">[85]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Atlantic_City_casinos">Atlantic City casinos</span></h4>
<p>In 1984, Trump opened <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Harrah%27s_at_Trump_Plaza" title="Harrah's at Trump Plaza">Harrah's at Trump Plaza</a> hotel and casino in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey" title="Atlantic City, New Jersey">Atlantic City, New Jersey</a> with financing from the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Holiday_Corporation" title="Holiday Corporation">Holiday Corporation</a>, who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58_98-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58-98">[94]</a></sup> Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property's poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70 million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]_99-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-99">[95]</a></sup> Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the <a href="/wiki/Hilton_Worldwide" title="Hilton Worldwide">Hilton Corporation</a> for $320 million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called <a href="/wiki/Golden_Nugget_Atlantic_City" title="Golden Nugget Atlantic City">Trump Castle</a>. Trump's then-wife <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Trump" title="Ivana Trump">Ivana</a> managed it until 1988.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60_100-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60-100">[96]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]_101-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA137_137]-101">[97]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg"><img alt="The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1944" data-file-width="2592" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Taj_Mahal,_2007.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Entrance of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_Taj_Mahal" title="Trump Taj Mahal">Trump Taj Mahal</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Atlantic_City" title="Atlantic City">Atlantic City</a></div></div></div>
<p>Trump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_casino" title="Taj Mahal casino">Taj Mahal</a>, in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102"><a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a></sup> It was financed with $675 million in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Junk_bonds" title="Junk bonds">junk bonds</a> and completed at a cost of $1.1 billion, opening in April 1990.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-103"><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UPI9April_104-0"><a href="#cite_note-UPI9April-104">[100]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]_105-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA135_135]-105">[101]</a></sup> The project went bankrupt the following year,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UPI9April_104-1"><a href="#cite_note-UPI9April-104">[100]</a></sup> and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYTimes_106-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-106">[102]</a></sup> Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, <a href="/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, and sold his 282-foot (86 m) mega yacht, the <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_Princess" title="Trump Princess">Trump Princess</a></i>, which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hylton_107-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hylton-107">[103]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]_108-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA132_132–133]-108">[104]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1995, Trump founded <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_Hotels_%26_Casino_Resorts" title="Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts">Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts</a> (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Star_II" title="Majestic Star II">Trump Casino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gary,_Indiana" title="Gary, Indiana">Gary, Indiana</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-109"><a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a></sup> THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-McQuade16Aug_110-0"><a href="#cite_note-McQuade16Aug-110">[106]</a></sup> He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-111"><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Golf_courses">Golf courses</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Donald Trump and golf</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg"><img alt="A golf course. In the background is the Turnberry Hotel, a two-story hotel with white façade and a red roof." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="366" data-file-width="640" decoding="async" height="126" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/220px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/330px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg/440px-Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Trump_Turnberry_Hotel_-_geograph.org.uk_-_5273443.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Turnberry_Hotel" title="Turnberry Hotel">Turnberry Hotel</a> and golf course in <a href="/wiki/Ayrshire" title="Ayrshire">Ayrshire</a>, Scotland</div></div></div>
<p>The Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNNMoney_112-0"><a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-112">[108]</a></sup> It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two as of December 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. According to Trump's FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_113-0"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-113">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>From his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one out of every five days at one of his golf clubs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-114"><a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Branding_and_licensing">Branding and licensing</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Donald_Trump" title="List of things named after Donald Trump">List of things named after Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="10531" data-file-width="5369" decoding="async" height="333" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/170px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/255px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg/340px-Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg 2x" width="170"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Chicago_September_2016-2.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a> in Chicago</div></div></div>
<p>After the Trump Organization's financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for projects owned and operated by other people and companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYer_Branding_115-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYer_Branding-115">[111]</a></sup> In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower">hotel towers</a> located around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)">Chicago</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_Las_Vegas" title="Trump International Hotel Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Washington, D.C.</a>; <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_Ocean_Club_International_Hotel_and_Tower" title="Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower">Panama City</a>; <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Toronto)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Toronto)">Toronto</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Vancouver)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Vancouver)">Vancouver</a>. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Honolulu)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (Honolulu)">Honolulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Forbes-20170320_116-0"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes-20170320-116">[112]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-overseas_117-0"><a href="#cite_note-overseas-117">[113]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-neckties_118-0"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-118">[114]</a></sup> According to an analysis by <i>The Washington Post</i>, there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump's name, which have generated at least $59 million in yearly revenue for his companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-119"><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a></sup> By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-neckties_118-1"><a href="#cite_note-neckties-118">[114]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Legal_affairs_and_bankruptcies">Legal affairs and bankruptcies</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump</a></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Fixer_(person)" title="Fixer (person)">Fixer</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Roy Cohn</a> served as Trump's lawyer and mentor in the 1970s and 1980s, with a 13-year relationship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-120"><a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mahler2_121-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler2-121">[117]</a></sup> According to Trump, they were so close that Cohn sometimes waived fees due to their friendship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-1"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> In 1973, Cohn helped Trump counter-sue the United States government for $100 million over its charges that Trump's properties had racial discriminatory practices; in 1975 an agreement was struck for Trump's properties to change their practices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122"><a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a></sup> It was Cohn who introduced political consultant Roger Stone to Trump, who enlisted Stone's services to deal with the federal government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-123"><a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a></sup>
</p><p>As of April 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-124"><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a></sup> As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USATodayAnalysis_125-0"><a href="#cite_note-USATodayAnalysis-125">[121]</a></sup>
</p><p>While Trump has not filed for <a href="/wiki/Personal_bankruptcy" title="Personal bankruptcy">personal bankruptcy</a>, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Chapter_11_bankruptcy" title="Chapter 11 bankruptcy">Chapter 11 bankruptcy</a> protection six times between 1991 and 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CO_126-0"><a href="#cite_note-CO-126">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TW_127-0"><a href="#cite_note-TW-127">[123]</a></sup> They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump's shares in the properties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CO_126-1"><a href="#cite_note-CO-126">[122]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TW_127-1"><a href="#cite_note-TW-127">[123]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4 billion,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ArtOfTheSpin_128-0"><a href="#cite_note-ArtOfTheSpin-128">[124]</a></sup> but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> still willing to lend money.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-129"><a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2019, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/House_Oversight_Committee" title="House Oversight Committee">House Oversight Committee</a> issued <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenas</a> seeking financial details from Trump's banks, Deutsche Bank and <a href="/wiki/Capital_One" title="Capital One">Capital One</a>, and his accounting firm, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mazars_USA" title="Mazars USA">Mazars USA</a>. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Elijah_Cummings" title="Elijah Cummings">Elijah Cummings</a> to prevent the disclosures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-130"><a href="#cite_note-130">[126]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-131"><a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a></sup> In May, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">DC District Court</a> judge <a href="/wiki/Amit_Mehta" title="Amit Mehta">Amit Mehta</a> ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-132"><a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a></sup> and judge <a href="/wiki/Edgardo_Ramos" title="Edgardo Ramos">Edgardo Ramos</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_New_York" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of New York">Southern District Court of New York</a> ruled that the banks must also comply.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-133"><a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-134"><a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a></sup> Trump's attorneys appealed the rulings,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-135"><a href="#cite_note-135">[131]</a></sup> arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-136"><a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-137"><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Side_ventures">Side ventures</span></h3>
<p>After taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-138"><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 1983, Trump purchased the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Generals" title="New Jersey Generals">New Jersey Generals</a>, a team in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a>. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump's strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NFL" title="NFL">NFL</a> for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an <a href="/wiki/United_States_antitrust_law" title="United States antitrust law">antitrust suit</a> against the organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Markazi_139-0"><a href="#cite_note-Markazi-139">[135]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Morris_140-0"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-140">[136]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk_Hall" title="Boardwalk Hall">Atlantic City Convention Hall</a> adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Tyson_vs._Michael_Spinks" title="Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks">Mike Tyson's 1988 heavyweight championship fight</a> against <a href="/wiki/Michael_Spinks" title="Michael Spinks">Michael Spinks</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-141"><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137_142-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'DonnellRutherford1991137-142">[138]</a></sup> In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Tour_de_Trump" title="Tour de Trump">Tour de Trump</a> cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hogan_143-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan-143">[139]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street's so-called <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Corporate_raider" title="Corporate raider">corporate raiders</a>, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think he was engaged in the practice called <a href="/wiki/Greenmail" title="Greenmail">greenmail</a>, or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer's stake at a premium. <i>The New York Times</i> found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-144"><a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-145"><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-146"><a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:132px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2282" data-file-width="2843" decoding="async" height="104" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/130px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/195px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG/260px-Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG 2x" width="130"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_star_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame.JPG" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump's star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a></div></div></div>
<p>In 1988, Trump purchased the defunct <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a> shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380 million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the <a href="/wiki/Trump_Shuttle" title="Trump Shuttle">Trump Shuttle</a>, and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/USAir" title="USAir">USAir</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-plane_rumour_147-0"><a href="#cite_note-plane_rumour-147">[143]</a></sup>
</p><p>From 1996 to 2015, Trump owned all or part of the <a href="/wiki/Miss_Universe" title="Miss Universe">Miss Universe</a> pageants, including <a href="/wiki/Miss_USA" title="Miss USA">Miss USA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miss_Teen_USA" title="Miss Teen USA">Miss Teen USA</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pageantsaleWME_148-0"><a href="#cite_note-pageantsaleWME-148">[144]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-149"><a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a></sup> Due to disagreements with <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> about scheduling, he took both pageants to <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> in 2002.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-150"><a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-151"><a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a></sup> In 2007, Trump received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> for his work as producer of Miss Universe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cz160129_152-0"><a href="#cite_note-cz160129-152">[148]</a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a> dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mp_153-0"><a href="#cite_note-mp-153">[149]</a></sup> Trump bought NBC's share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to <a href="/wiki/Endeavor_(company)" title="Endeavor (company)">the William Morris talent agency</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-154"><a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Trump_University">Trump University</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a></div>
<p>In 2004, Trump co-founded a company called <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> which sold real estate training courses priced from $1,500 to $35,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-155"><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vf_156-0"><a href="#cite_note-vf-156">[152]</a></sup> After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt511_157-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt511-157">[153]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2013, the State of New York filed a $40 million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AppealsCourt2016_158-0"><a href="#cite_note-AppealsCourt2016-158">[154]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-159"><a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a></sup> In addition, two <a href="/wiki/Class_action" title="Class action">class actions</a> were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-twofront_160-0"><a href="#cite_note-twofront-160">[156]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ronald_tu_161-0"><a href="#cite_note-ronald_tu-161">[157]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-162"><a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-163"><a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-164"><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a></sup> Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25 million to settle the three cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-165"><a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foundation">Foundation</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Donald J. Trump Foundation</a></div>
<p>The Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book <i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0b_166-0"><a href="#cite_note-:0b-166">[162]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:1b_167-0"><a href="#cite_note-:1b-167">[163]</a></sup> In the foundation's final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WaPoMissing_168-0"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoMissing-168">[164]</a></sup> The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-169"><a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2016, <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-170"><a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a></sup> Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General's office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hit_171-0"><a href="#cite_note-hit-171">[167]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-172"><a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a></sup> Trump's team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-173"><a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2018 the New York attorney general's office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8 million in restitution and additional penalties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-174"><a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-175"><a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a></sup> In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Goldmacher-181218_176-0"><a href="#cite_note-Goldmacher-181218-176">[172]</a></sup> The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2 million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation's funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Katersky-191107_177-0"><a href="#cite_note-Katersky-191107-177">[173]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-178"><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conflicts_of_interest">Conflicts of interest</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/220px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg/440px-Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Trump_AVM_opening_ceremony.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a> AVM in 2012.</div></div></div>
<p>Before being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Revocable_trust" title="Revocable trust">revocable trust</a> run by his eldest sons and a business associate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPR012018_179-0"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-179">[175]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC041817_180-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-180">[176]</a></sup> According to ethics experts, measures taken by Trump do not help avoid conflicts of interest as long as he continues to profit from his businesses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Venook_181-0"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup> Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration's policies affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend selling the businesses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC041817_180-1"><a href="#cite_note-BBC041817-180">[176]</a></sup> Though Trump said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Venook_181-1"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup>
</p><p>Multiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Title_of_Nobility_Clause" title="Title of Nobility Clause">Emoluments Clause</a> of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Venook_181-2"><a href="#cite_note-Venook-181">[177]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_182-0"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-182">[178]</a></sup> Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NPR012018_179-1"><a href="#cite_note-NPR012018-179">[175]</a></sup> and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LaFraniere_182-1"><a href="#cite_note-LaFraniere-182">[178]</a></sup> According to <i>The Guardian</i>, "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments – including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines – seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-183"><a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a></sup> On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-184"><a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Economy of Saudi Arabia">Saudis</a> and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-185"><a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a></sup> And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40 million, $50 million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-186"><a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and Turkish president <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a> because of his <a href="/wiki/Trump_Towers_Istanbul" title="Trump Towers Istanbul">Trump Towers Istanbul</a>, saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it's a tremendously successful job<span class="nowrap"> </span>... It's called Trump Towers – two towers instead of one<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I've gotten to know Turkey very well".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-187"><a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-188"><a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Media_career">Media career</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career of Donald Trump</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Books">Books</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Bibliography of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump's first book, <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/The_Art_of_the_Deal" title="The Art of the Deal">The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987), was on the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" title="The New York Times Best Seller list"><i>New York Times</i> Best Seller list</a> for 48 weeks. According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, "The book expanded Trump's renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." Trump was credited as the book's co-author with <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Tony Schwartz</a>. Schwartz later said he had done all the writing, and this was confirmed by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kaminsky" title="Howard Kaminsky">Howard Kaminsky</a>, who at the time the book appeared was head of its publisher, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-189"><a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a></sup> Trump has called <i>The Art of the Deal</i> his second favorite book, after the Bible.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-190"><a href="#cite_note-190">[186]</a></sup>
</p><p>Two lesser memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="WWE">WWE</span></h3>
<p>Trump has had a sporadic relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a> promotion <a href="/wiki/WWE" title="WWE">WWE</a> (World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment) since the late 1980s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-myth_191-0"><a href="#cite_note-myth-191">[187]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wwebio_192-0"><a href="#cite_note-wwebio-192">[188]</a></sup> He headlined the record-breaking <a href="/wiki/WrestleMania_23" title="WrestleMania 23">WrestleMania 23</a> in 2007 and was inducted into the celebrity wing of the <a href="/wiki/WWE_Hall_of_Fame_(2013)" title="WWE Hall of Fame (2013)">WWE Hall of Fame in 2013</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-chief_heel_193-0"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-193">[189]</a></sup> WWE co-founder and former CEO <a href="/wiki/Linda_McMahon" title="Linda McMahon">Linda McMahon</a> later worked in his administration and election campaigns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-chief_heel_193-1"><a href="#cite_note-chief_heel-193">[189]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Apprentice"><i>The Apprentice</i></span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice (American TV series)</a></div>
<p>In 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of <i>The Apprentice</i>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Reality_show" title="Reality show">reality show</a> in which Trump played the role of a powerful <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive</a> and contestants competed for a year of employment at the Trump Organization. Trump winnowed out contestants with his famous <a href="/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase">catchphrase</a> "You're fired".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_194-0"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-194">[190]</a></sup> He later co-hosted <i><a href="/wiki/The_Celebrity_Apprentice" title="The Celebrity Apprentice">The Celebrity Apprentice</a></i>, in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-born_7-17-16_194-1"><a href="#cite_note-born_7-17-16-194">[190]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Acting">Acting</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">Donald Trump filmography</a></div>
<p>Trump has made <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Cameo_appearances" title="Cameo appearances">cameo appearances</a> in eight films and television shows<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Atlantic_195-0"><a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-195">[191]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-196"><a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a></sup> and performed a song as a <i><a href="/wiki/Green_Acres" title="Green Acres">Green Acres</a></i> character with <a href="/wiki/Megan_Mullally" title="Megan Mullally">Megan Mullally</a> at the <a href="/wiki/57th_Primetime_Emmy_Awards" title="57th Primetime Emmy Awards">57th Primetime Emmy Awards</a> in 2005.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-197"><a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Talk_shows">Talk shows</span></h3>
<p>Starting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Howard_Stern_Show" title="Howard Stern Show">Howard Stern Show</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]_198-0"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA166_166]-198">[194]</a></sup> He also had his own short-form talk radio program called <i><a href="/wiki/Trumped!" title="Trumped!">Trumped!</a></i> (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-199"><a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-200"><a href="#cite_note-200">[196]</a></sup> In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_%26_Friends" title="Fox & Friends">Fox & Friends</a></i> which continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-201"><a href="#cite_note-201">[197]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-202"><a href="#cite_note-202">[198]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_career">Political career</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political career of Donald Trump">Political career of Donald Trump</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_activities_up_to_2015">Political activities up to 2015</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1707" data-file-width="2560" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Bill_Clinton.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> in June 2000</div></div></div>
<p>Trump's political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15_203-0"><a href="#cite_note-PolitiFact.24.Aug.15-203">[199]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hint_204-0"><a href="#cite_note-hint-204">[200]</a></sup> advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-205"><a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a></sup> He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hint_204-1"><a href="#cite_note-hint-204">[200]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2000_presidential_campaign">2000 presidential campaign</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign</a></div>
<p>In 1999, Trump filed an <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> to seek the nomination of the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a> for the 2000 presidential election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYTimes.Revolution_206-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes.Revolution-206">[202]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Winger-111225_207-0"><a href="#cite_note-Winger-111225-207">[203]</a></sup> A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and likely Democratic nominee <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> showed Trump with seven percent support.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-208"><a href="#cite_note-208">[204]</a></sup> Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-209"><a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="2012_presidential_speculation">2012 presidential speculation</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3456" data-file-width="5184" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_speaking_at_CPAC_2011_by_Mark_Taylor_2.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaking at CPAC 2011</div></div></div>
<p>Trump speculated about running for president in <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">the 2012 election</a>, making his first speaking appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-McA_210-0"><a href="#cite_note-McA-210">[206]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-211"><a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a></sup> In May 2011 he announced he would not run.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-McA_210-1"><a href="#cite_note-McA-210">[206]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-212"><a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a></sup> Before the 2016 election, <i>The New York Times</i> speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a> Dinner in April 2011.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-213"><a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2011, the superintendent of the New York Military Academy at the time, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump's academic records so he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale confirmed that he had been asked to hand the records over to members of the school's board of trustees who were Trump's friends, but he refused to and instead sealed them on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of President Barack Obama's academic records.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-214"><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="2013.E2.80.932015"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2013–2015">2013–2015</span></h4>
<p>In 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CPAC1_215-0"><a href="#cite_note-CPAC1-215">[211]</a></sup> he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama's "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested the government "take" Iraq's oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-216"><a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-217"><a href="#cite_note-217">[213]</a></sup> He spent over $1 million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYPost2016_218-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYPost2016-218">[214]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a>. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-219"><a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a></sup> A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-220"><a href="#cite_note-220">[216]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to Trump's attorney <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a>, in May 2015 he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and to Fordham, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump's grades or SAT scores; Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-221"><a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential campaign</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign</a></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Republican_primaries">Republican primaries</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican Party presidential primaries</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg"><img alt='Trump speaking behind a brown wooden podium, wearing a dark blue suit and a red tie. The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.' class="thumbimage" data-file-height="5792" data-file-width="8688" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally,_Laconia,_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump campaigning in <a href="/wiki/Laconia,_New_Hampshire" title="Laconia, New Hampshire">Laconia, New Hampshire</a>, July 2015</div></div></div>
<p>On June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal immigration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshoring</a> of American jobs, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._national_debt" title="U.S. national debt">U.S. national debt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_terrorism" title="Islamic terrorism">Islamic terrorism</a>, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6/15/15transcript_222-0"><a href="#cite_note-6/15/15transcript-222">[218]</a></sup> Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-223"><a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a></sup> He declared that he was funding his own campaign,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-224"><a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a></sup> but according to <i>The Atlantic</i>, "Trump's claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-225"><a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-226"><a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a></sup>
</p><p>On <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries,_2016#March_1,_2016:_Super_Tuesday" title="Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016">Super Tuesday</a>, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-227"><a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a></sup> After a landslide win in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Indiana_Republican_primary,_2016" title="Indiana Republican primary, 2016">Indiana</a> on May 3, 2016 – which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and <a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> to suspend their presidential campaigns – <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee">RNC</a> chairman <a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a> declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-politico_priebus_228-0"><a href="#cite_note-politico_priebus-228">[224]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="General_election_campaign">General election campaign</span></h4>
<p>After becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">general election</a>. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.
</p><p>Clinton had established a significant lead over Trump in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the United States presidential election, 2016">national polls</a> throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton's lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI's re-opening the investigation into her ongoing <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">email controversy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-229"><a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-230"><a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-231"><a href="#cite_note-231">[227]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg"><img alt='Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. They appear to be standing in front of a huge screen with the colors of the American flag displayed on it. Trump is at left, facing toward the viewer and making "thumbs-up" gestures. Pence is at right, facing Trump and clapping.' class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2288" data-file-width="3794" decoding="async" height="133" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Candidate Trump and running mate <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>, July 2016</div></div></div>
<p>On July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> as his running mate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-232"><a href="#cite_note-232">[228]</a></sup> Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-233"><a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a></sup> The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a>, but the other prior nominees did not attend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-missing_234-0"><a href="#cite_note-missing-234">[230]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-235"><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#First_presidential_debate_(Hofstra_University)" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">their first presidential debate</a>, which was held at <a href="/wiki/Hofstra_University" title="Hofstra University">Hofstra University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York" title="Hempstead, New York">Hempstead, New York</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-236"><a href="#cite_note-236">[232]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a> was held at <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a>, Missouri. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Third_presidential_debate_(University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas)" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">final presidential debate</a> was held on October 19 at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">University of Nevada, Las Vegas</a>. Trump's refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-237"><a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-238"><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump's campaign platform emphasized renegotiating <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93China_relations" title="U.S.–China relations">U.S.–China relations</a> and free trade agreements such as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NAFTA" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">a new wall</a> along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing <a href="/wiki/Energy_independence" title="Energy independence">energy independence</a> while opposing climate change regulations such as the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Agreement" title="Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement</a>, modernizing and expediting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs#Benefits" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">services for veterans</a>, repealing and replacing the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>, abolishing <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Common_Core" title="Common Core">Common Core</a> education standards, <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure-based_development" title="Infrastructure-based development">investing in infrastructure</a>, simplifying the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">tax code</a> while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing <a href="/wiki/Tariff" title="Tariff">tariffs</a> on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely <a href="/wiki/United_States_non-interventionism" title="United States non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a> approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-239"><a href="#cite_note-239">[235]</a></sup> to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a>. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> "obsolete".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-240"><a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-241"><a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a></sup>
</p><p>His political positions have been described as <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:2_242-0"><a href="#cite_note-:2-242">[238]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-243"><a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-244"><a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a></sup> and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for deregulation and large reductions in income taxes, consistent with Republican Party policies,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Donaldjtrump.com_245-0"><a href="#cite_note-Donaldjtrump.com-245">[241]</a></sup> along with significant infrastructure investment, usually considered a Democratic Party policy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-246"><a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a></sup> Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_247-0"><a href="#cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-247">[243]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thehillFLIP_248-0"><a href="#cite_note-thehillFLIP-248">[244]</a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i> has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-real_Donald_249-0"><a href="#cite_note-real_Donald-249">[245]</a></sup> while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nbcnews.com_250-0"><a href="#cite_note-nbcnews.com-250">[246]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Campaign_rhetoric">Campaign rhetoric</span></h4>
<p>In his campaign, Trump said he disdained <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse <a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">media bias</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-0"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-251">[247]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-252"><a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Blake-150706_253-0"><a href="#cite_note-Blake-150706-253">[249]</a></sup> In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of <a href="/wiki/Earned_media" title="Earned media">free media coverage</a> during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254">[250]</a></sup>
</p><p>Fact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-whoppers_255-0"><a href="#cite_note-whoppers-255">[251]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-year_256-0"><a href="#cite_note-year-256">[252]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wapo-false_257-0"><a href="#cite_note-wapo-false-257">[253]</a></sup> At least four major publications – <i>Politico</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, <i>The New York Times</i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i> – have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the <i>Los Angeles Times</i> saying, "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-258"><a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a> said Trump's campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-259"><a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's penchant for <a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a> is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-0"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-260">[256]</a></sup> Trump adopted his <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">ghostwriter's</a> phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-reuters-20150828_260-1"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20150828-260">[256]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Konnikova_261-0"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-261">[257]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Support_from_the_far_right">Support from the far right</span></h4>
<p><span id="White_supremacist_support"></span>
</p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barkun" title="Michael Barkun">Michael Barkun</a>, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-262"><a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a></sup> During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-263"><a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-264"><a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-265"><a href="#cite_note-265">[261]</a></sup> He retweeted open racists,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-266"><a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-267"><a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a></sup> and repeatedly refused to condemn <a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN's <i><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union_(American_TV_program)" title="State of the Union (American TV program)">State of the Union</a></i>, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-268"><a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-269"><a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a></sup> Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-270"><a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-271"><a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a></sup>
</p><p>After repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cnnduke_272-0"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-272">[268]</a></sup> Trump said on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Morning_Joe" title="Morning Joe">Morning Joe</a></i>: "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cnnduke_272-1"><a href="#cite_note-cnnduke-272">[268]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> movement coalesced around Trump's candidacy,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WPechoes_273-0"><a href="#cite_note-WPechoes-273">[269]</a></sup> due in part to its <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Opposition_to_multiculturalism" title="Opposition to multiculturalism">opposition to multiculturalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">immigration</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-274"><a href="#cite_note-274">[270]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNNexplained_275-0"><a href="#cite_note-CNNexplained-275">[271]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ft_276-0"><a href="#cite_note-ft-276">[272]</a></sup>
Members of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump's campaign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-277"><a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a></sup>
In August 2016, he appointed <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> – the executive chairman of <a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a> – as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-278"><a href="#cite_note-278">[274]</a></sup> In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.Disavows_279-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.Disavows-279">[275]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-280"><a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Financial_disclosures">Financial disclosures</span></h4>
<p>As a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4 billion and outstanding debts of at least $265 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Yahoo_News_FEC_67-1"><a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_News_FEC-67">[63]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-281"><a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a></sup> The 2016 form showed little change.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cnn-20160519_113-1"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-20160519-113">[109]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has not released <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_tax_returns" title="Donald Trump's tax returns">his tax returns</a>, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promises in 2014 and 2015 to do so if he ran for office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rappeport_282-0"><a href="#cite_note-Rappeport-282">[278]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-283"><a href="#cite_note-283">[279]</a></sup> He said his tax returns were being audited (in actuality, audits do not prevent release of tax returns), and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CNNtax26Feb_284-0"><a href="#cite_note-CNNtax26Feb-284">[280]</a></sup> Trump has told the press his tax rate is none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-285"><a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2016, portions of Trump's state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from <i>The New York Times</i>. They show that Trump had declared a loss of $916 million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-20161010_286-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20161010-286">[282]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump's 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150 million and paid $38 million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-taxes_287-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-taxes-287">[283]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-hill-taxes_288-0"><a href="#cite_note-hill-taxes-288">[284]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2019, the House <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Ways_and_Means_Committee" title="Ways and Means Committee">Ways and Means Committee</a> made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump's personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-289"><a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a></sup> Two deadlines to provide the returns were missed, then Treasury secretary <a href="/wiki/Steven_Mnuchin" title="Steven Mnuchin">Steven Mnuchin</a> in May 2019 ultimately denied the request.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-290"><a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-291"><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-292"><a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a></sup> Committee chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a> then subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-293"><a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a></sup> These subpoenas were also defied in May 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-294"><a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a></sup> A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that tax returns must be provided to Congress upon request, unless a president invokes executive privilege. Congress need not justify the request, the memo stated, contradicting the administration's justification that a legislative purpose is needed to produce the tax returns.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-295"><a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a></sup> Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-296"><a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Election_to_the_presidency">Election to the presidency</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="593" data-file-width="1020" decoding="async" height="192" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/330px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/495px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/ElectoralCollege2016.svg/660px-ElectoralCollege2016.svg.png 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:ElectoralCollege2016.svg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>2016 electoral vote results</div></div></div>
<p>On November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)" title="Electoral College (United States)">electoral votes</a> versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_United_States_presidential_election,_2016" title="Faithless electors in the United States presidential election, 2016">defections on both sides</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-297"><a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a></sup> Trump received nearly 2.9 million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">while losing the popular vote</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-298"><a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-301"><a href="#cite_note-301">[e]</a></sup> Clinton was ahead nationwide, with 65,853,514 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001481845780759093♠" style="display:none"></span>48.18%) compared to Trump's 62,984,828 votes (<span data-sort-value="7001460855796148360♠" style="display:none"></span>46.09%).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-302"><a href="#cite_note-302">[297]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide – though diminishing – lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump's support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-303"><a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a></sup> and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton's support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump's support among white working-class voters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-304"><a href="#cite_note-304">[299]</a></sup> The polls were relatively accurate,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-305"><a href="#cite_note-305">[300]</a></sup> but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump's core constituencies in competitive states.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-306"><a href="#cite_note-306">[301]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect,_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._(31196987133).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1333" data-file-width="2000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect%2C_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._%2831196987133%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:JANUS-T%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-T%C3%AAte-_Sitting_President_%26_President-elect,_Barack_Obama_%26_Donald_Trump_squatting_next_to_each_other_on_arm-chairs_in_the_Oval_Office_on_November_10th_2016._(31196987133).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> and president-elect Trump on November 10, 2016</div></div></div>
<p>Trump won 30 states, including <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, which had been considered a <a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_(politics)" title="Blue wall (politics)">blue wall</a> of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20 states and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a>. Trump's victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_Presidents_and_control_of_Congress" title="United States Presidents and control of Congress">control of</a> both chambers of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Trump is <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_net_worth" title="List of Presidents of the United States by net worth">the wealthiest president in U.S. history</a>, even after <a href="/wiki/Real_versus_nominal_value_(economics)" title="Real versus nominal value (economics)">adjusting</a> for <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-307"><a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a></sup> and the oldest person to take office as president.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-308"><a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a></sup> He is also <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States_by_previous_experience" title="List of Presidents of the United States by previous experience">the first president</a> who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-309"><a href="#cite_note-309">[304]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-voxexp_310-0"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-310">[305]</a></sup> Of the 43<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-312"><a href="#cite_note-312">[f]</a></sup> previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-voxexp_310-1"><a href="#cite_note-voxexp-310">[305]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Protests">Protests</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests against Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3550" data-file-width="5325" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/220px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/330px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/440px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women's March</a> in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after Trump's inauguration</div></div></div>
<p>Some rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-313"><a href="#cite_note-313">[307]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-314"><a href="#cite_note-314">[308]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-315"><a href="#cite_note-315">[309]</a></sup> Trump's election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially tweeted that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media" and "unfair", but later "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-316"><a href="#cite_note-316">[310]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-317"><a href="#cite_note-317">[311]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the weeks following Trump's inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the <a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">Women Marches</a>, which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-USAToday01a_318-0"><a href="#cite_note-USAToday01a-318">[312]</a></sup> including 500,000 in Washington alone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-319"><a href="#cite_note-319">[313]</a></sup> Marches against his <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">travel ban</a> began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-320"><a href="#cite_note-320">[314]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020_presidential_campaign">2020 presidential campaign</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign</a></div>
<p>Trump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-321"><a href="#cite_note-321">[315]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-322"><a href="#cite_note-322">[316]</a></sup> This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-323"><a href="#cite_note-323">[317]</a></sup> Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne,_Florida" title="Melbourne, Florida">Melbourne, Florida</a>, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-324"><a href="#cite_note-324">[318]</a></sup> By January 2018, Trump's reelection committee had $22 million in hand,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-325"><a href="#cite_note-325">[319]</a></sup> and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67 million by December 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-326"><a href="#cite_note-326">[320]</a></sup> Trump became the <a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">Republican presumptive nominee</a> on March 17, 2020, after securing a majority of pledged delegates.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-327"><a href="#cite_note-327">[321]</a></sup> Trump's re-election campaign saw declining poll numbers by mid-2020, reflecting dissatisfaction with his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread racial justice protests following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" title="Killing of George Floyd">killing of George Floyd</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Shepard-200709_328-0"><a href="#cite_note-Shepard-200709-328">[322]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Todd-200709_329-0"><a href="#cite_note-Todd-200709-329">[323]</a></sup> His campaign messaging shifted to "racist rhetoric", described NBC News, as his campaign attempted to reclaim voters lost from his base of white conservative voters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allen-200709_330-0"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-200709-330">[324]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Costa_331-0"><a href="#cite_note-Costa-331">[325]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidency">Presidency</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">For a chronological guide to this subject, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency</a>.</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_actions">Early actions</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Presidential transition of Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2576" data-file-width="3863" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/330px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/440px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump during his inauguration in 2017. From left, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Trump was inaugurated</a> as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed <a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump#Executive_orders" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">six executive orders</a>: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (Obamacare), withdrawal from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> negotiations, reinstatement of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mexico_City_Policy" title="Mexico City Policy">Mexico City Policy</a>, unlocking the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Keystone_XL" title="Keystone XL">Keystone XL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline" title="Dakota Access Pipeline">Dakota Access Pipeline</a> construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall along the U.S. border with Mexico</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-exec-summary_332-0"><a href="#cite_note-exec-summary-332">[326]</a></sup>
</p><p>Upon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-333"><a href="#cite_note-333">[327]</a></sup> His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband <a href="/wiki/Jared_Kushner" title="Jared Kushner">Jared Kushner</a>. She serves as an assistant to the President,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-334"><a href="#cite_note-334">[328]</a></sup> and he is a <a href="/wiki/Senior_Advisor_to_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Senior Advisor to the President of the United States">Senior Advisor</a> in the White House.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-335"><a href="#cite_note-335">[329]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 31, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Trump nominated</a> U.S. Appeals Court judge <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Neil Gorsuch</a> to fill the seat on the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> previously held by Justice <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Antonin Scalia</a> until his death on February 13, 2016.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-336"><a href="#cite_note-336">[330]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</span></h3>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy_and_trade">Economy and trade</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economic policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">Trump tariffs</a></div>
<p>The economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump's first three years in office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-greatesteconomy_337-0"><a href="#cite_note-greatesteconomy-337">[331]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-recession_338-0"><a href="#cite_note-recession-338">[332]</a></sup> This ended in February 2020, when <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_recession" title="Coronavirus recession">the COVID-19 pandemic sparked a recession</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-recession_338-1"><a href="#cite_note-recession-338">[332]</a></sup> Throughout his presidency, Trump has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history (at least four U.S. presidents have presided over better economies).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-greatesteconomy_337-1"><a href="#cite_note-greatesteconomy-337">[331]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2017, Trump signed the <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017</a>, which permanently cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, temporarily lowered personal tax brackets until 2025, increased child tax credit, doubled the <a href="/wiki/Estate_tax_in_the_United_States" title="Estate tax in the United States">estate tax</a> exemption to $11.2 million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-339"><a href="#cite_note-339">[333]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1315" data-file-width="1780" decoding="async" height="163" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_(33998674940)_(cropped2).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump speaks to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017.</div></div></div>
<p>Trump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/NAFTA" title="NAFTA">NAFTA</a> during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-340"><a href="#cite_note-340">[334]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-341"><a href="#cite_note-341">[335]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-342"><a href="#cite_note-342">[336]</a></sup> He withdrew the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a> (TPP) negotiations,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-343"><a href="#cite_note-343">[337]</a></sup> imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Inman_344-0"><a href="#cite_note-Inman-344">[338]</a></sup> and launched a <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">trade war</a> with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50 billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-345"><a href="#cite_note-345">[339]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto1_346-0"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-346">[340]</a></sup> On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._Treasury" title="U.S. Treasury">U.S. Treasury</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Newburger-190512_347-0"><a href="#cite_note-Newburger-190512-347">[341]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite a campaign promise to eliminate the national debt in eight years, Trump as president has approved large increases in government spending, as well as the 2017 tax cut. As a result, the American government's budget deficit has increased by almost 50%, to nearly $1<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion in 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-348"><a href="#cite_note-348">[342]</a></sup> In 2016, the year before Trump took office, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._national_debt" title="U.S. national debt">U.S. national debt</a> was around $19<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion; by mid-2020, it had increased to $26<span class="nowrap"> </span>trillion under the Trump administration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-349"><a href="#cite_note-349">[343]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2020, the official unemployment rate shot up to 14.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an underestimation of the actual unemployment rate, but still was the highest level of unemployment since 1939.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-350"><a href="#cite_note-350">[344]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Energy_and_climate">Energy and climate</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<p>Trump rejects the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ParkerDavenport_351-0"><a href="#cite_note-ParkerDavenport-351">[345]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-352"><a href="#cite_note-352">[346]</a></sup> Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-353"><a href="#cite_note-353">[347]</a></sup> In June 2017, Trump announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement</a>, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-354"><a href="#cite_note-354">[348]</a></sup> At the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2019_G7_summit" title="2019 G7 summit">2019 G7 summit</a>, Trump skipped the sessions on climate change but said afterward during a press conference that he is an environmentalist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-355"><a href="#cite_note-355">[349]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas" title="Greenhouse gas">greenhouse gas</a> emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. One example is the <a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a>. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction, such as allowing <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Refuge_drilling_controversy" title="Arctic Refuge drilling controversy">drilling in the Arctic Refuge</a>. Trump also weakened protections for animals.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-356"><a href="#cite_note-356">[350]</a></sup> Trump's energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-357"><a href="#cite_note-357">[351]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Government_size_and_deregulation">Government size and deregulation</span></h4>
<p>Trump's early policies have favored <a href="/wiki/Deregulation" title="Deregulation">rollback and dismantling of government regulations</a>. He has signed 15 <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> disapproval resolutions to allow Congress to repeal executive regulations, the second President to sign any such resolutions after the first CRA resolution was passed in 2001, and the first President to sign more than one such resolution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-358"><a href="#cite_note-358">[352]</a></sup> During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-359"><a href="#cite_note-359">[353]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-360"><a href="#cite_note-360">[354]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 30, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13771" title="Executive Order 13771">Executive Order 13771</a>, which directed that for every new regulation administrative agencies issue "at least two existing regulations be identified for elimination".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-361"><a href="#cite_note-361">[355]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-362"><a href="#cite_note-362">[356]</a></sup> Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump's criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mcalabresi_363-0"><a href="#cite_note-mcalabresi-363">[357]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span></h4>
<p>During his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (ACA or "Obamacare").<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kodjak_364-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kodjak-364">[358]</a></sup> Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> voted to repeal it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-365"><a href="#cite_note-365">[359]</a></sup> His first action as president was <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13765" title="Executive Order 13765">Executive Order 13765</a>, which increased flexibility "to the maximum extent permitted by law" for the Cabinet to issue waivers, deferrals, and exemptions for the law while attempting to give states more flexibility.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-366"><a href="#cite_note-366">[360]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13813" title="Executive Order 13813">Executive Order 13813</a> was subsequently issued, designed to reduce regulations imposed under Obamacare by increasing competition.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-367"><a href="#cite_note-367">[361]</a></sup> Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA <a href="/wiki/Annual_enrollment" title="Annual enrollment">enrollment period</a> in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-368"><a href="#cite_note-368">[362]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Jeffrey_369-0"><a href="#cite_note-Jeffrey-369">[363]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-370"><a href="#cite_note-370">[364]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">2017 tax bill</a> effectively repealed the ACA's <a href="/wiki/Individual_shared_responsibility_provision" title="Individual shared responsibility provision">individual health insurance mandate</a> in 2019,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-371"><a href="#cite_note-371">[365]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-372"><a href="#cite_note-372">[366]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-373"><a href="#cite_note-373">[367]</a></sup> and a budget bill Trump signed in 2019 repealed the <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_insurance_plan" title="Cadillac insurance plan">Cadillac plan tax</a>, medical device tax, and <a href="/wiki/Tanning_tax" title="Tanning tax">tanning tax</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CadillacRepealed_374-0"><a href="#cite_note-CadillacRepealed-374">[368]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-375"><a href="#cite_note-375">[369]</a></sup> As president, Trump has falsely claimed he saved the coverage of pre-existing conditions provided by ACA, while his administration declined to challenge a lawsuit that would eliminate it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-376"><a href="#cite_note-376">[370]</a></sup> As a 2016 candidate, Trump promised to protect funding for Medicare and other social safety-net programs, but in January 2020 he suggested he was willing to consider cuts to such programs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-377"><a href="#cite_note-377">[371]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_issues">Social issues</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-378"><a href="#cite_note-378">[372]</a></sup> He has said he is committed to appointing "<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Pro-life" title="Pro-life">pro-life</a>" justices.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60min_379-0"><a href="#cite_note-60min-379">[373]</a></sup> He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MEhren2_380-0"><a href="#cite_note-MEhren2-380">[374]</a></sup> but considers the <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">nationwide legality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> a "settled" issue.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60min_379-1"><a href="#cite_note-60min-379">[373]</a></sup> Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-381"><a href="#cite_note-381">[375]</a></sup> in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration's workplace protections for LGBT people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NBCNews_382-0"><a href="#cite_note-NBCNews-382">[376]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump supports a broad interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment</a> and says he is <a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">opposed</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">gun control</a> in general,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-383"><a href="#cite_note-383">[377]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OWSAR_384-0"><a href="#cite_note-OWSAR-384">[378]</a></sup> although his views have shifted over time.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-385"><a href="#cite_note-385">[379]</a></sup> Trump opposes <a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis_by_U.S._jurisdiction" title="Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction">legalizing recreational marijuana</a> but supports legalizing <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical marijuana</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cannabis_386-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cannabis-386">[380]</a></sup> He favors <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">capital punishment</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cop_killers_387-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cop_killers-387">[381]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FullPageAd1989_388-0"><a href="#cite_note-FullPageAd1989-388">[382]</a></sup> as well as the use of <a href="/wiki/Waterboarding" title="Waterboarding">waterboarding</a> and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theguardian.com_389-0"><a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-389">[383]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ABC_News_390-0"><a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-390">[384]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Pardons_and_commutations">Pardons and commutations</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>In August 2017, Trump pardoned former sheriff <a href="/wiki/Joe_Arpaio" title="Joe Arpaio">Joe Arpaio</a>, who was awaiting sentencing for <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_court" title="Contempt of court">contempt of court</a> in a class action that alleged <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-391"><a href="#cite_note-391">[385]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-392"><a href="#cite_note-392">[386]</a></sup> In March 2018, he pardoned former Navy sailor <a href="/wiki/Kristian_Saucier" title="Kristian Saucier">Kristian Saucier</a>, who had been found guilty of taking classified photographs of a submarine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-393"><a href="#cite_note-393">[387]</a></sup> In April 2018 he pardoned <a href="/wiki/Scooter_Libby" title="Scooter Libby">Scooter Libby</a>, a political aide to former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a>, who had been convicted of obstruction of justice, <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a> and making false statements to the FBI.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-394"><a href="#cite_note-394">[388]</a></sup> In May 2018 he granted a posthumous pardon to <a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a>, a black boxer who had been convicted in 1913 for traveling across state lines with his white girlfriend.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-395"><a href="#cite_note-395">[389]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-396"><a href="#cite_note-396">[390]</a></sup> In June 2018 he pardoned conservative commentator <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D'Souza</a>, who had made illegal political campaign contributions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-397"><a href="#cite_note-397">[391]</a></sup> That month he also commuted the life sentence of <a href="/wiki/Alice_Marie_Johnson" title="Alice Marie Johnson">Alice Marie Johnson</a>, a non-violent drug trafficking offender, following a request by celebrity <a href="/wiki/Kim_Kardashian" title="Kim Kardashian">Kim Kardashian</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-398"><a href="#cite_note-398">[392]</a></sup> In February 2020, Trump pardoned white-collar criminals <a href="/wiki/Michael_Milken" title="Michael Milken">Michael Milken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Kerik" title="Bernard Kerik">Bernard Kerik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._DeBartolo_Jr." title="Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.">Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commutation_(law)" title="Commutation (law)">commuted</a> former Illinois governor <a href="/wiki/Rod_Blagojevich" title="Rod Blagojevich">Rod Blagojevich</a>'s 14-year corruption sentence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Commutation_399-0"><a href="#cite_note-Commutation-399">[393]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-400"><a href="#cite_note-400">[394]</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2020, Trump commuted the 40-month prison sentence for his friend and adviser Roger Stone, who had been soon due to report to jail for his actions during the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential elections. The sentencing judge had previously described that Stone was "prosecuted for covering up for the president" – Trump himself. A month before the commutation, Trump had declared that Stone "can sleep well at night!"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-401"><a href="#cite_note-401">[395]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Immigration">Immigration</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration policy of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump's proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Mexico–United States barrier">a more substantial wall</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> to keep out <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrants" title="Illegal immigrants">illegal immigrants</a> and vowed Mexico would pay for it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-402"><a href="#cite_note-402">[396]</a></sup> He pledged to massively deport <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigrant_population_of_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigrant population of the United States">illegal immigrants residing in the United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CBC_August29_2015_403-0"><a href="#cite_note-CBC_August29_2015-403">[397]</a></sup> and criticized <a href="/wiki/Birthright_citizenship_in_the_United_States" title="Birthright citizenship in the United States">birthright citizenship</a> for creating "<a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Anchor_babies" title="Anchor babies">anchor babies</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-404"><a href="#cite_note-404">[398]</a></sup> He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-405"><a href="#cite_note-405">[399]</a></sup> As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a>, though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-406"><a href="#cite_note-406">[400]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has attempted to drastically escalate immigration enforcement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-407"><a href="#cite_note-407">[401]</a></sup> Some of the results are harsher immigration enforcement policies against asylum seekers from Central America than any modern U.S. president before him, and a significantly increased usage of migrant detentions and deportations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-408"><a href="#cite_note-408">[402]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ricciardelli_409-0"><a href="#cite_note-Ricciardelli-409">[403]</a></sup> This was accompanied by the Trump administration's mandating in 2018 that immigration judges must complete 700 cases a year to be evaluated as performing satisfactorily.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-410"><a href="#cite_note-410">[404]</a></sup>
</p><p>In other immigration policies, Trump has from 2018 onwards <a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">deployed nearly 6,000 troops to the U.S. Mexico border</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-411"><a href="#cite_note-411">[405]</a></sup> in 2019 was allowed by the Supreme Court to stop most Central American migrants from seeking U.S. asylum,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-412"><a href="#cite_note-412">[406]</a></sup> and from 2020 used the <a href="/wiki/Public_charge_rule" title="Public charge rule">public charge rule</a> to restrict immigrants using government benefits from getting permanent residency via <a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">green cards</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-413"><a href="#cite_note-413">[407]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-414"><a href="#cite_note-414">[408]</a></sup> Trump has continually reduced the number of allowed refugees into the country; when Trump took office the annual limit was 110,000, in 2019 Trump set a limit of 18,000, a record low for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Refugee_Admissions_Program_(USRAP)" title="United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP)">the U.S. refugee program</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-415"><a href="#cite_note-415">[409]</a></sup> Additional restrictions implemented by the Trump administration caused (potentially long-lasting) bottlenecks in processing refugee applications, resulting in fewer refugees accepted compared to the allowed limits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-416"><a href="#cite_note-416">[410]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Travel_ban">Travel ban</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a> and <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">Executive Order 13780</a></div>
<p>Following the <a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">November 2015 Paris attacks</a>, Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-417"><a href="#cite_note-417">[411]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Barro_418-0"><a href="#cite_note-Barro-418">[412]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-419"><a href="#cite_note-419">[413]</a></sup> He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Scots_420-0"><a href="#cite_note-Scots-420">[414]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-421"><a href="#cite_note-421">[415]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-422"><a href="#cite_note-422">[416]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 27, 2017, Trump signed <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13769" title="Executive Order 13769">Executive Order 13769</a>, which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order took effect immediately and without warning.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-423">[417]</a></sup> Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-424"><a href="#cite_note-424">[418]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-425"><a href="#cite_note-425">[419]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sally_Yates" title="Sally Yates">Sally Yates</a>, the acting <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>, directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-426"><a href="#cite_note-426">[420]</a></sup> Trump immediately dismissed her.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-427"><a href="#cite_note-427">[421]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_Executive_Orders_13769_and_13780" title="Legal challenges to Executive Orders 13769 and 13780">Multiple legal challenges</a> were filed against the order, and on February<span class="nowrap"> </span>5 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-428"><a href="#cite_note-428">[422]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-LiptakStands_429-0"><a href="#cite_note-LiptakStands-429">[423]</a></sup> On March 6, Trump issued <a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">a revised order</a>, which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" title="Permanent residence (United States)">permanent residents</a>, and removed priorities for Christian minorities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chakraborty3/6/17_430-0"><a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty3/6/17-430">[424]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-1"><a href="#cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-423">[417]</a></sup> Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-431"><a href="#cite_note-431">[425]</a></sup> On June 26, 2017, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" title="United States Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a> ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a <i>bona fide</i> relationship with a person or entity in the United States".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TravelBanScotus1_432-0"><a href="#cite_note-TravelBanScotus1-432">[426]</a></sup>
</p><p>The temporary order was replaced by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Presidential_Proclamation_9645" title="Presidential Proclamation 9645">Presidential Proclamation 9645</a> on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guardian.Oct.10.13_433-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian.Oct.10.13-433">[427]</a></sup> After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4, 2017,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-434"><a href="#cite_note-434">[428]</a></sup> and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wagner_435-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-435">[429]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_separation_at_border">Family separation at border</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Trump administration family separation policy</a></div>
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<p>The Trump administration has separated more than 5,400 migrant children from their parents at the U.S.–Mexico border while the families attempted to enter the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-0"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup> The Trump administration sharply increased the number of family separations at the border starting from the summer of 2017, before an official policy was announced in 2018; this was only publicly reported later in January 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-437"><a href="#cite_note-437">[431]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-438"><a href="#cite_note-438">[432]</a></sup>
</p><p>In April 2018, the Trump administration announced and enacted a "<a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">zero tolerance</a>" immigration policy, whereby every adult illegally crossing the border would be criminally prosecuted.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Farivar_439-0"><a href="#cite_note-Farivar-439">[433]</a></sup> This resulted in family separations, as the migrant adults were put in criminal detention for prosecution, while the migrant children were taken away as unaccompanied alien minors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-440"><a href="#cite_note-440">[434]</a></sup> The children would be brought to immigration detention, immigrant shelters, tent camps, or metal cages, with the stated aim of releasing them to relatives or sponsors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-0"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup> Administration officials described the policy as a deterrent against illegal immigration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-1"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup> Previous administrations had no such policy of generally separating migrant families with children.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-2"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup>
</p><p>The policy of family separations sparked public outrage,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-442"><a href="#cite_note-442">[436]</a></sup> and resulted in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Colvin_443-0"><a href="#cite_note-Colvin-443">[437]</a></sup> Trump reacted by falsely asserting that his administration was merely following the law, blaming Democrats, when in fact this was his administration's policy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Davis_444-0"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-444">[438]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-McArdle_445-0"><a href="#cite_note-McArdle-445">[439]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sarlin_446-0"><a href="#cite_note-Sarlin-446">[440]</a></sup> More than 2,300 children were separated as a result of the "zero tolerance policy", the Trump administration revealed in June 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Domonoske_441-3"><a href="#cite_note-Domonoske-441">[435]</a></sup>
</p><p>Although Trump originally argued that the issue could not be solved via executive order, he proceeded to sign an executive order on June 20, 2018, mandating that migrant families be detained together, unless the administration judged that doing so would harm the child.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-447"><a href="#cite_note-447">[441]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-448"><a href="#cite_note-448">[442]</a></sup> On June 26, 2018, a federal judge concluded that the Trump administration had "no system in place to keep track of" the separated children, nor any effective measures for family communication and reunification;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-449"><a href="#cite_note-449">[443]</a></sup> the judge ordered for the families to be reunited, and family separations stopped, except in the cases where the parent(s) are judged unfit to take care of the child, or if there is parental approval.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-450"><a href="#cite_note-450">[444]</a></sup>
</p><p>4,370 children were separated from July 2017 to June 2018, reported the Trump administration in October 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-1"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup> Even after the June 2018 federal judge order, the Trump administration continued to practice family separations, with more than a thousand migrant children separated.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Spagat_436-2"><a href="#cite_note-Spagat-436">[430]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Migrant_detentions">Migrant detentions</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Trump administration migrant detentions</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1534" data-file-width="2446" decoding="async" height="138" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/220px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/330px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png/440px-Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Overcrowded_Families_in_Weslaco_Station-11Jun2019-DHS_OIG.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Overcrowded conditions for migrant families detained in <a href="/wiki/Weslaco,_Texas" title="Weslaco, Texas">Weslaco, Texas</a> were reported by inspectors from the federal government in June 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-OIGjuly2019_451-0"><a href="#cite_note-OIGjuly2019-451">[445]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>The Trump administration has taken a harsher approach than previous administrations regarding migrant detentions, by allowing no exemptions for detention unlike the George W. Bush and Obama administrations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-davisshear_452-0"><a href="#cite_note-davisshear-452">[446]</a></sup> While the Obama administration already employed a high level of detentions and deportations for migrants, the Trump administration took it to a significantly higher level.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ricciardelli_409-1"><a href="#cite_note-Ricciardelli-409">[403]</a></sup> In April 2018, Trump ordered an end to the "<a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release_(immigration)" title="Catch and release (immigration)">catch and release</a>" policy which released illegal immigrants from detention pending a court hearing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Farivar_439-1"><a href="#cite_note-Farivar-439">[433]</a></sup>
</p><p>Government inspectors from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General">Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General</a> conducted spot-checks of migrant detention centers in June 2018, finding that <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> "in many instances" violated federal guidelines for detaining migrant children for too long before passing them to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Refugee_Resettlement" title="Office of Refugee Resettlement">Office of Refugee Resettlement</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-453"><a href="#cite_note-453">[447]</a></sup> Meanwhile, Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection <a href="/wiki/Kevin_McAleenan" title="Kevin McAleenan">Kevin McAleenan</a> said in March 2019 there was a "border security and a humanitarian crisis", with the system for handling migrants already at a "breaking point" due to an increase in migrants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-454"><a href="#cite_note-454">[448]</a></sup> The government inspectors released further reports in May 2019 and July 2019 of migrants being detained under conditions failing federal standards. They reported migrants enduring prolonged detention, "dangerous overcrowding", poor hygiene and food standards.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-455"><a href="#cite_note-455">[449]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-456"><a href="#cite_note-456">[450]</a></sup> In June 2019 and July 2019, lawyers, a certified doctor, and lawmakers visited the migrant detention facilities, reporting a lack of supervision, traumatized children, and many sick migrants respectively.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-457"><a href="#cite_note-457">[451]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-458"><a href="#cite_note-458">[452]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-459"><a href="#cite_note-459">[453]</a></sup>
</p><p>The treatment of the detained migrants resulted in public indignation by July 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-460"><a href="#cite_note-460">[454]</a></sup> Also that month, Trump reacted to criticism of the migrant detentions by declaring that U.S. Border Patrol was doing a "great job", and if the migrants were unhappy about the conditions of the detention facilities, "just tell them not to come".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-461"><a href="#cite_note-461">[455]</a></sup> Meanwhile, Vice President Pence visited an overcrowded facility, where he reacted by saying "this is tough stuff" and the system is "overwhelmed".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-462"><a href="#cite_note-462">[456]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2019, the administration attempted to change the 1997 <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Flores_Agreement" title="Flores Agreement">Flores Agreement</a> that limits detention of migrant families to 20 days; the new policy allowing indefinite detention was blocked before it would go into effect.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-463"><a href="#cite_note-463">[457]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="2018.E2.80.932019_federal_government_shutdown"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="2018–2019_federal_government_shutdown">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19 United States federal government shutdown</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="644" data-file-width="863" decoding="async" height="149" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/300px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg/400px-Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg 2x" width="200"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_visits_San_Diego_border_wall_prototypes.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump examines border wall prototypes in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa,_California" title="Otay Mesa, California">Otay Mesa, California</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>On December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6 billion in federal funds for a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump_border_wall" title="Trump border wall">U.S.–Mexico border wall</a> to partly fulfill his campaign promise.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-464"><a href="#cite_note-464">[458]</a></sup> The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-465"><a href="#cite_note-465">[459]</a></sup> Trump said he would not accept any bill that did not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation Trump would not sign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-466"><a href="#cite_note-466">[460]</a></sup> In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nakamura-190109_467-0"><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-190109-467">[461]</a></sup>
</p><p>The shutdown caused an estimated 380,000 government employees to be <a href="/wiki/Furlough" title="Furlough">furloughed</a>, while an estimated 420,000 government employees worked without getting paid; most of the affected workers missed two paychecks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-468"><a href="#cite_note-468">[462]</a></sup> The shutdown resulted in a permanent loss of $3 billion to the U.S. economy, estimated the <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-469"><a href="#cite_note-469">[463]</a></sup> A plurality of Americans blamed Trump for the shutdown, polls showed; the percentage increased as the shutdown continued, to around 50%. Trump's approval ratings also dropped.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-470"><a href="#cite_note-470">[464]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 25, 2019, the Senate and the House unanimously approved a temporary funding bill that provided no funds for the wall but would provide delayed paychecks to government workers. Trump signed the bill that day, ending the shutdown at 35 days. It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_funding_gaps" title="List of United States federal funding gaps">longest U.S. government shutdown in history</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-471"><a href="#cite_note-471">[465]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-472"><a href="#cite_note-472">[466]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since the government funding was temporary, another shutdown loomed. On February 14, 2019, the Senate and the House approved a funding bill that included $1.375 billion for 55 miles of border fences, in lieu of Trump's intended wall.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-473"><a href="#cite_note-473">[467]</a></sup> Trump signed the bill on February 15, 2019, just hours before another shutdown would begin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="National_emergency_regarding_the_southern_border">National emergency regarding the southern border</span></h4>
<p>On February 15, 2019, after Trump received from Congress only $1.375 billion for border fencing after demanding $5.7 billion for the Trump wall, Trump declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Emergency_Concerning_the_Southern_Border_of_the_United_States" title="National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States">National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States</a>, in the hopes of getting another $6.7 billion of funds for the Trump wall without congressional approval, using funds for military construction, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Drug_interdiction" title="Drug interdiction">drug interdiction</a>, and money from the Treasury.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-1"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup> In doing so, Trump acknowledged that he "didn't need to" declare a national emergency, but he "would rather do it much faster".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wilkie_474-2"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkie-474">[468]</a></sup>
</p><p>Congress twice passed resolutions to block Trump's national emergency declarations, but Trump twice vetoed them, and Congress did not have enough votes override Trump's veto.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-475"><a href="#cite_note-475">[469]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-476"><a href="#cite_note-476">[470]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-477"><a href="#cite_note-477">[471]</a></sup> Trump's decision to divert other government funding to fund the wall resulted in legal challenges. In July 2019, the Supreme Court allowed Trump to use $2.5 billion (originally meant for anti-drug programs) from the Department of Defense to build the Trump wall.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-478"><a href="#cite_note-478">[472]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MQuinn_479-0"><a href="#cite_note-MQuinn-479">[473]</a></sup> In December 2019, a federal judge stopped the Trump administration from using $3.6 billion of military construction funds for the Trump wall.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MQuinn_479-1"><a href="#cite_note-MQuinn-479">[473]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Trump_wall">Trump wall</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a></div>
<p>As a presidential candidate, Trump insisted that along the southern border he would build a wall – not a fence – saying there is a "big difference"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-480"><a href="#cite_note-480">[474]</a></sup> and mentioning "concrete going very high". In January 2018 he again floated the idea of solid concrete.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-481"><a href="#cite_note-481">[475]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2017, the Mexico-U.S. border had 654 miles of primary fencing, 37 miles of secondary fencing and 14 miles of tertiary fencing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-482"><a href="#cite_note-482">[476]</a></sup> Trump's target, from 2015 to 2017, was 1,000 miles of wall.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wallisawall_483-0"><a href="#cite_note-wallisawall-483">[477]</a></sup> The Trump administration set a target of 450 miles of new or renovated barriers by December 2020, with an ultimate goal of 509 miles of new or renovated barriers by August 2021.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-484"><a href="#cite_note-484">[478]</a></sup> Even into 2020, Trump has repeatedly provided false assertions that Mexico is paying for the Trump wall, although American taxpayers are footing the bill from funds being diverted from the U.S. Department of Defense.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-485"><a href="#cite_note-485">[479]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2018, the administration revealed two miles of replacement fences made of steel posts, which it called the first section of Trump's 'wall', although earlier that year Border Patrol had said the project was unrelated to the Trump wall and had been long planned (dating to 2009).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-486"><a href="#cite_note-486">[480]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-487"><a href="#cite_note-487">[481]</a></sup> In December 2018 and January 2019, Trump tweeted out a design of a steel fence, and a picture of a fence, while declaring "the wall is coming".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wallisawall_483-1"><a href="#cite_note-wallisawall-483">[477]</a></sup> In February 2019, Trump said his administration had been "restricted to renovating" existing barriers, "and we need new wall".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-488"><a href="#cite_note-488">[482]</a></sup>
</p><p>By November 2019, the Trump administration had replaced around 78 miles of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a> along the border; these replacement barriers were not walls, but fences made of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Bollards" title="Bollards">bollards</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AlVal_489-0"><a href="#cite_note-AlVal-489">[483]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-490"><a href="#cite_note-490">[484]</a></sup> The administration in November 2019 said it had "just started breaking ground" to build new barriers in areas where no structure existed.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AlVal_489-1"><a href="#cite_note-AlVal-489">[483]</a></sup> By May 2020, the Trump administration had replaced 172 miles of dilapidated or outdated design barriers, and constructed 15 miles of new border barriers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-491"><a href="#cite_note-491">[485]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1867" data-file-width="2800" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/220px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/330px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/-G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg/440px--G7Biarritz_%2848616362963%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:-G7Biarritz_(48616362963).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> and other leaders at the <a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a> in France, 2019</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/220px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/330px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg/440px-Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi%2C_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia%2C_Melania_Trump%2C_and_Donald_Trump%2C_May_2017.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi,_King_Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia,_Melania_Trump,_and_Donald_Trump,_May_2017.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump, King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>, and Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">2017 Riyadh summit</a> in Saudi Arabia</div></div></div>
<p>Trump has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">non-interventionist</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cassidy_492-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cassidy-492">[486]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rucker_493-0"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-493">[487]</a></sup> and an <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/American_nationalist" title="American nationalist">American nationalist</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-0"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-494">[488]</a></sup> He has repeatedly said he supports an "<a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a>" foreign policy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-495"><a href="#cite_note-495">[489]</a></sup> He supports increasing United States military defense spending,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-1"><a href="#cite_note-nationalinterest.org-494">[488]</a></sup> but favors decreasing United States spending on <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and in the Pacific region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-496"><a href="#cite_note-496">[490]</a></sup> He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rucker_493-1"><a href="#cite_note-rucker-493">[487]</a></sup>
</p><p>His foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of <a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">neo-nationalist</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Authoritarian" title="Authoritarian">authoritarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Strongman_(politics)" title="Strongman (politics)">strongmen</a> and criticism of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">democratically-led governments</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-497"><a href="#cite_note-497">[491]</a></sup> Trump has cited China's president <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-498"><a href="#cite_note-498">[492]</a></sup> Philippines president <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-499"><a href="#cite_note-499">[493]</a></sup> Egyptian president <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi" title="Abdel Fattah el-Sisi">Abdel Fattah el-Sisi</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-500"><a href="#cite_note-500">[494]</a></sup> Turkey's president <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Tayyip Erdoğan">Tayyip Erdoğan</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-501"><a href="#cite_note-501">[495]</a></sup> King <a href="/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Salman of Saudi Arabia">Salman of Saudi Arabia</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-502"><a href="#cite_note-502">[496]</a></sup> Italy's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Conte" title="Giuseppe Conte">Giuseppe Conte</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-503"><a href="#cite_note-503">[497]</a></sup> Brazil's president <a href="/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro" title="Jair Bolsonaro">Jair Bolsonaro</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-504"><a href="#cite_note-504">[498]</a></sup> Indian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wapost-modi_505-0"><a href="#cite_note-wapost-modi-505">[499]</a></sup> and Hungarian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n" title="Viktor Orbán">Viktor Orbán</a> as examples of good leaders.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-506"><a href="#cite_note-506">[500]</a></sup> Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice" title="Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a> party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-507"><a href="#cite_note-507">[501]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-508"><a href="#cite_note-508">[502]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span id="ISIS.2C_Syria.2C_and_Afghanistan"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="ISIS,_Syria,_and_Afghanistan">ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan</span></h4>
<p>In April 2017, Trump ordered a <a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">missile strike</a> against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the <a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike_509-0"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike-509">[503]</a></sup> According to investigative journalist <a href="/wiki/Bob_Woodward" title="Bob Woodward">Bob Woodward</a>, Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate <a href="/wiki/President_of_Syria" title="President of Syria">Syrian president</a> <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-510"><a href="#cite_note-510">[504]</a></sup> In April 2018, he announced <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2018_bombing_of_Damascus_and_Homs" title="2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs">missile strikes</a> against Assad's regime, following a suspected chemical attack near <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-511"><a href="#cite_note-511">[505]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-512"><a href="#cite_note-512">[506]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-513"><a href="#cite_note-513">[507]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-514"><a href="#cite_note-514">[508]</a></sup> Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Rojava" title="Rojava">Kurd allies</a> who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-515"><a href="#cite_note-515">[509]</a></sup> One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-516"><a href="#cite_note-516">[510]</a></sup> On January 6, 2019, national security advisor <a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">John Bolton</a> announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America's Kurdish allies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-517"><a href="#cite_note-517">[511]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump actively supported the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen" title="Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen</a> against the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Houthis" title="Houthis">Houthis</a> and signed a $110 billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-prince_518-0"><a href="#cite_note-prince-518">[512]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-519"><a href="#cite_note-519">[513]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Phelps-170520_520-0"><a href="#cite_note-Phelps-170520-520">[514]</a></sup> Trump also praised his relationship with <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s powerful Crown Prince <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-prince_518-1"><a href="#cite_note-prince-518">[512]</a></sup>
</p><p>U.S. troop numbers in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> increased from 8,500 to 14,000, as of January 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-521"><a href="#cite_note-521">[515]</a></sup> reversing his pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-522"><a href="#cite_note-522">[516]</a></sup> U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-523"><a href="#cite_note-523">[517]</a></sup> On February 29, 2020, the Trump administration signed a conditional <a href="/wiki/Afghan_peace_process" title="Afghan peace process">peace agreement with the Taliban</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-524"><a href="#cite_note-524">[518]</a></sup> which calls for the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_U.S._troops_from_Afghanistan" title="Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan">withdrawal of foreign troops</a> in 14 months if the Taliban uphold the terms of the agreement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-525"><a href="#cite_note-525">[519]</a></sup> Trump said "it is time" to bring U.S. soldiers home from Afghanistan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-526"><a href="#cite_note-526">[520]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_(49060819653).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_%2849060819653%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Meets_with_the_President_of_Turkey_(49060819653).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with Turkish president Erdoğan in November 2019</div></div></div>
<p>In October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, the White House acknowledged Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian Civil War">U.S. troops in northern Syria</a> were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area's captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-527"><a href="#cite_note-527">[521]</a></sup> In the following days, Trump suggested the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested they were fighting only for their own financial interests, suggested some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-528"><a href="#cite_note-528">[522]</a></sup>
</p><p>Congress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Syria" title="Kurds in Syria">Kurds</a>, and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Syrian regime.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-529"><a href="#cite_note-529">[523]</a></sup> Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-530"><a href="#cite_note-530">[524]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-531"><a href="#cite_note-531">[525]</a></sup> After the U.S. pullout, <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-532"><a href="#cite_note-532">[526]</a></sup> On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump's withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria for "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-533"><a href="#cite_note-533">[527]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-534"><a href="#cite_note-534">[528]</a></sup>
</p><p>In November 2019, Trump ordered U.S. troops to secure the oil fields in eastern Syria, then said any remaining U.S. troops in Syria were there "only for the oil", and that the U.S. was "keeping the oil". Seizing oil without local government permission would be a war crime of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Pillage" title="Pillage">pillage</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-535"><a href="#cite_note-535">[529]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-536"><a href="#cite_note-536">[530]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Iran">Iran</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93United_States_relations#2017–present:_Trump_administration" title="Iran–United States relations">Iran–United States relations § 2017–present: Trump administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Persian_Gulf_crisis" title="2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis">2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="700" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/220px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/330px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg/440px-Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Demonstrations_in_Iran_over_the_death_of_Qasem_Soleimani.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Demonstrations in Iran over the death of <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> during the U.S attack on the Baghdad airport in Iraq on January 3, 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Trump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime", although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-537"><a href="#cite_note-537">[531]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-538"><a href="#cite_note-538">[532]</a></sup> He has repeatedly criticized the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KatyTurIranInterview_539-0"><a href="#cite_note-KatyTurIranInterview-539">[533]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-0"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[534]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-541"><a href="#cite_note-541">[535]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following Iran's missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-542"><a href="#cite_note-542">[536]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-543"><a href="#cite_note-543">[537]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-544"><a href="#cite_note-544">[538]</a></sup> Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May <a href="/wiki/2017_Brussels_summit" title="2017 Brussels summit">2017 Brussels summit</a>; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-545"><a href="#cite_note-545">[539]</a></sup> On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act</a> (CAATSA) that grouped together <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions_against_Iran" title="United States sanctions against Iran">sanctions against Iran</a>, Russia, and North Korea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-546"><a href="#cite_note-546">[540]</a></sup> On May 18, 2018, Trump announced <a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">the United States' unilateral departure</a> from the JCPOA.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP180508_540-1"><a href="#cite_note-AP180508-540">[534]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Javad_Zarif" title="Javad Zarif">Javad Zarif</a> called "genocidal taunts".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Budryk-190519_547-0"><a href="#cite_note-Budryk-190519-547">[541]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Chamberlain-190519_548-0"><a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-190519-548">[542]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wintour-190520_549-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wintour-190520-549">[543]</a></sup> Trump and Saudi Crown Prince <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mohammad_bin_Salman" title="Mohammad bin Salman">Mohammad bin Salman</a> are allies in the <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">conflict with Iran</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-550"><a href="#cite_note-550">[544]</a></sup> Trump approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> following the <a href="/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_attack" title="2019 Abqaiq–Khurais attack">attack on Saudi oil facilities</a> which the United States has blamed on Iran.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-551"><a href="#cite_note-551">[545]</a></sup>
</p><p>On January 2, 2020, Trump ordered <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike" title="2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike">a targeted U.S. airstrike</a>, which killed Iranian <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">Major General</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps" title="Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps">IRGC</a> <a href="/wiki/Quds_Force" title="Quds Force">Quds Force</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani" title="Qasem Soleimani">Qasem Soleimani</a> and Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis" title="Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis">Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis</a>, as well as eight other people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-552"><a href="#cite_note-552">[546]</a></sup> Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites, or react "in a disproportionate manner" if Iran retaliated; though such attacks by the U.S. would violate international law as war crimes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-553"><a href="#cite_note-553">[547]</a></sup> On January 8, Iran retaliated by launching airstrikes on <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Al_Asad_Air_Base" title="Al Asad Air Base">Al Asad Air Base</a> in Iraq; initially the Trump administration claimed no Americans suffered injuries, then Trump said injuries were not "very serious", but by February 2020, more than a hundred <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Traumatic_brain_injuries" title="Traumatic brain injuries">traumatic brain injuries</a> were diagnosed in U.S. troops.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-554"><a href="#cite_note-554">[548]</a></sup> Iran issues an <a href="/wiki/Interpol_notice" title="Interpol notice">arrest warrant</a> for 36 U.S. political and military officials, including President Trump, for their role in the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-555"><a href="#cite_note-555">[549]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Israel">Israel</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–present)" title="Israel–United States relations">Israel–United States relations § Trump administration (2017–present)</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1000" data-file-width="1500" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23%2C_2017_DSC_3982F_%2834847749905%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_visit_to_Israel_May_22-23,_2017_DSC_3982F_(34847749905).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> at <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>, May 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Trump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-556"><a href="#cite_note-556">[550]</a></sup> He officially <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel</a> on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> in May 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-557"><a href="#cite_note-557">[551]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-558"><a href="#cite_note-558">[552]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-559"><a href="#cite_note-559">[553]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-560"><a href="#cite_note-560">[554]</a></sup> In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">recognizing</a> <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Israel's annexation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-561"><a href="#cite_note-561">[555]</a></sup> a move condemned by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-562"><a href="#cite_note-562">[556]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="China">China</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump's_presidency_(2017–)" title="China–United States relations">China–United States relations § Trump's presidency (2017–)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></div>
<p>Before and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-563"><a href="#cite_note-563">[557]</a></sup> During his presidency, Trump has <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">launched a trade war against China</a>, sanctioned <a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a> for its alleged ties to Iran,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-564"><a href="#cite_note-564">[558]</a></sup> significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-565"><a href="#cite_note-565">[559]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-566"><a href="#cite_note-566">[560]</a></sup> and classified China as a "<a href="/wiki/Currency_manipulator" title="Currency manipulator">currency manipulator</a>".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-567"><a href="#cite_note-567">[561]</a></sup> In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a <a href="/wiki/Second_Cold_War" title="Second Cold War">new cold war</a> between China and the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-568"><a href="#cite_note-568">[562]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-569"><a href="#cite_note-569">[563]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-570"><a href="#cite_note-570">[564]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump said he resisted punishing China for its <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">human rights abuses</a> against ethnic minorities in the northwestern <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> region for fear of jeopardizing U.S.-China trade negotiations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-571"><a href="#cite_note-571">[565]</a></sup> On July 9, 2020, Trump imposed <a href="/wiki/United_States_sanctions" title="United States sanctions">sanctions</a> and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including <a href="/wiki/Chen_Quanguo" title="Chen Quanguo">Chen Quanguo</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-572"><a href="#cite_note-572">[566]</a></sup> a member of China's powerful <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of China">Politburo of the Communist Party</a>, who expanded mass <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_re-education_camps" title="Xinjiang re-education camps">detention camps</a> holding more than a million members of the country's <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_China" title="Islam in China">Muslim</a> minority.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-573"><a href="#cite_note-573">[567]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="North_Korea">North Korea</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="North Korea–United States relations">North Korea–United States relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1150" data-file-width="1725" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/220px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/330px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg/440px-Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Kim_and_Trump_shaking_hands_at_the_red_carpet_during_the_DPRK%E2%80%93USA_Singapore_Summit.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump meets <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a> at <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">the Singapore summit</a>, June 2018.</div></div></div>
<p>In 2017, North Korea's nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-scarier_574-0"><a href="#cite_note-scarier-574">[568]</a></sup> In August 2017, Trump escalated his rhetoric, warning that North Korean threats would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Windrem_575-0"><a href="#cite_note-Windrem-575">[569]</a></sup> North Korea responded by releasing plans for missile tests that would land near <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-576"><a href="#cite_note-576">[570]</a></sup> In September 2017, Trump addressed the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, saying the U.S. would "totally destroy North Korea" if "forced" to defend itself or its allies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-577"><a href="#cite_note-577">[571]</a></sup> Also in September 2017, Trump increased sanctions on North Korea, declared that he wanted North Korea's "complete denuclearization", and engaged in <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Name-calling" title="Name-calling">name-calling</a> with leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-un" title="Kim Jong-un">Kim Jong-un</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Windrem_575-1"><a href="#cite_note-Windrem-575">[569]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-578"><a href="#cite_note-578">[572]</a></sup>
</p><p>In March 2018, Trump immediately agreed to Kim's proposal for a meeting.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-579"><a href="#cite_note-579">[573]</a></sup> On June 12, 2018, <a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Trump and Kim met in Singapore</a>, with Kim affirming his intention "to work toward complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-580"><a href="#cite_note-580">[574]</a></sup>
</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">second Trump–Kim summit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> in February 2019, was terminated abruptly without an agreement; both countries blamed each other and offered differing accounts of the negotiations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-581"><a href="#cite_note-581">[575]</a></sup> On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President <a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a> held <a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">brief talks</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>, marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. Trump and Kim agreed to resume negotiations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-582"><a href="#cite_note-582">[576]</a></sup> Bilateral talks began in Stockholm in October 2019, but broke down after one day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-583"><a href="#cite_note-583">[577]</a></sup> As of May 2020, North Korea has shown no indication that it is willing to unilaterally denuclearize.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-584"><a href="#cite_note-584">[578]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Russia">Russia</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">Russia–United States relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48144045996).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_at_the_G20_%2848144045996%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_at_the_G20_(48144045996).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Putin and Trump at the <a href="/wiki/2019_G20_Osaka_summit" title="2019 G20 Osaka summit">G20 Osaka summit</a>, June 2019</div></div></div>
<p>During his campaign and as president, Trump has repeatedly asserted that he desires better relations with Russia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-585"><a href="#cite_note-585">[579]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-586"><a href="#cite_note-586">[580]</a></sup> He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Military_intervention_against_ISIL" title="Military intervention against ISIL">fight against ISIS</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-587"><a href="#cite_note-587">[581]</a></sup> According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the <a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Russia–United States relations">U.S.–Russian relations</a>, which were already at the lowest level since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-588"><a href="#cite_note-588">[582]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-589"><a href="#cite_note-589">[583]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-590"><a href="#cite_note-590">[584]</a></sup>
</p><p>As president, Trump has criticized Russia about Syria,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-0"><a href="#cite_note-Syria-blame-591">[585]</a></sup> Ukraine,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-592"><a href="#cite_note-592">[586]</a></sup> North Korea,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-593"><a href="#cite_note-593">[587]</a></sup> Venezuela,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-594"><a href="#cite_note-594">[588]</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Poisoning_of_Sergei_and_Yulia_Skripal" title="Poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal">Skripal poisoning</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-595"><a href="#cite_note-595">[589]</a></sup> but has sent mixed messages regarding Crimea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-596"><a href="#cite_note-596">[590]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-597"><a href="#cite_note-597">[591]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-598"><a href="#cite_note-598">[592]</a></sup> He forbade U.S. oil companies from drilling in Russia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-599"><a href="#cite_note-599">[593]</a></sup> Businesses involved in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Nord_Stream_2" title="Nord Stream 2">Nord Stream 2</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_gas_exports" title="List of countries by natural gas exports">gas pipeline</a> from Russia to Germany have been sanctioned by the Trump administration with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Authorization_Act_for_Fiscal_Year_2020" title="National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020">National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020</a> on December 20, 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-600"><a href="#cite_note-600">[594]</a></sup> Trump said the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, owned by Russia's <a href="/wiki/Gazprom" title="Gazprom">Gazprom</a>, could turn Germany into a "hostage of Russia".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-601"><a href="#cite_note-601">[595]</a></sup>
</p><p>Amidst continuing growth of China's missile forces, President Trump announced on October 20, 2018 that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty" title="Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty">Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty</a> due to supposed Russian non-compliance,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-602"><a href="#cite_note-602">[596]</a></sup> a move criticized by the former Soviet President <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, who signed the treaty in 1987 with U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-603"><a href="#cite_note-603">[597]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has repeatedly praised Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>; criticism of Putin by Trump was uncommon.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-0"><a href="#cite_note-BakerAugust10-604">[598]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-1"><a href="#cite_note-Syria-blame-591">[585]</a></sup> As a presidential candidate, Trump continually reiterated that Putin is a strong leader.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-605"><a href="#cite_note-605">[599]</a></sup> When Putin in August 2017 expelled over half of the staff of the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Moscow" title="Embassy of the United States, Moscow">American embassy in Russia</a> in retaliation for <a href="/wiki/Countering_America%27s_Adversaries_Through_Sanctions_Act" title="Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act">Sanctions Act (CAATSA)</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-606"><a href="#cite_note-606">[600]</a></sup> which imposed new sanctions on Russia, President Trump responded by thanking Putin, saying "We'll save a lot of money", instead of criticizing him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-1"><a href="#cite_note-BakerAugust10-604">[598]</a></sup> After Trump met Putin at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki Summit</a> on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin's denial of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election">Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election</a>, rather than accepting the findings of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_intelligence_community" title="United States intelligence community">United States intelligence community</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zurcher_607-0"><a href="#cite_note-zurcher-607">[601]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-608"><a href="#cite_note-608">[602]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-break_609-0"><a href="#cite_note-break-609">[603]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Cuba">Cuba</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Cuba–United States relations">Cuba–United States relations</a></div>
<p>In November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration's <a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">loosening of restrictions</a>. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-610"><a href="#cite_note-610">[604]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Venezuela">Venezuela</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="United States–Venezuela relations">United States–Venezuela relations</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_(49494079201).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_%2849494079201%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_Interim_President_of_the_Bolivarian_Republic_of_Venezuela_to_the_White_House_(49494079201).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump with <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>'s opposition leader and interim president, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, at the White House, February 2020</div></div></div>
<p>On August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of <a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-611"><a href="#cite_note-611">[605]</a></sup> In September 2018, Trump called for "the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-612"><a href="#cite_note-612">[606]</a></sup> On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_presidential_crisis" title="2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis">breaking ties</a> with the United States following Trump's announcement of recognizing <a href="/wiki/Juan_Guaid%C3%B3" title="Juan Guaidó">Juan Guaidó</a>, the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-613"><a href="#cite_note-613">[607]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="NATO">NATO</span></h4>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1365" data-file-width="2048" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/220px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/330px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg/440px-President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference%2C_April_12%2C_2017_%2801%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Donald_Trump_and_Secretary_General_Jens_Stolenberg_Joint_Press_Conference,_April_12,_2017_(01).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump and NATO Secretary General <a href="/wiki/Jens_Stoltenberg" title="Jens Stoltenberg">Jens Stoltenberg</a>, April 2017</div></div></div>
<p>As a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty" title="North Atlantic Treaty">security guarantees to NATO members</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-614"><a href="#cite_note-614">[608]</a></sup> and suggested he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-615"><a href="#cite_note-615">[609]</a></sup> As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-616"><a href="#cite_note-616">[610]</a></sup> however, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-617"><a href="#cite_note-617">[611]</a></sup>
</p><p>In January 2019, <i>The New York Times</i> quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-618"><a href="#cite_note-618">[612]</a></sup> The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-619"><a href="#cite_note-619">[613]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel">Personnel</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Political appointments by Donald Trump</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_Cabinet_meeting_2017-03-13_04.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Cabinet meeting, March 2017</div></div></div>
<p>The Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump's first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Trimble_620-0"><a href="#cite_note-Trimble-620">[614]</a></sup> As of early July 2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 61 percent of Trump's senior aides had left<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wise_-180702_621-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wise_-180702-621">[615]</a></sup> and 141 staffers had left in the past year.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-622"><a href="#cite_note-622">[616]</a></sup> Both figures set a record for recent presidents – more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Keith_623-0"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-623">[617]</a></sup> Notable early departures included National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a> (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Reince_Priebus" title="Reince Priebus">Reince Priebus</a>, replaced by retired Marine general <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kelly" title="John F. Kelly">John F. Kelly</a> on July 28, 2017,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Baker_624-0"><a href="#cite_note-Baker-624">[618]</a></sup> and Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Sean_Spicer" title="Sean Spicer">Sean Spicer</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Keith_623-1"><a href="#cite_note-Keith-623">[617]</a></sup> Close personal aides to Trump such as <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hope_Hicks" title="Hope Hicks">Hope Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">John McEntee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Schiller" title="Keith Schiller">Keith Schiller</a>, have quit or been forced out.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brookings_625-0"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-625">[619]</a></sup> Some, like Hicks and McEntee, later returned to the White House in different posts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-626"><a href="#cite_note-626">[620]</a></sup> Trump has disparaged several of his former top officials as incompetent, stupid, or crazy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-627"><a href="#cite_note-627">[621]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Jeff Sessions</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-628"><a href="#cite_note-628">[622]</a></sup> financier <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Steve_Mnuchin" title="Steve Mnuchin">Steve Mnuchin</a> as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-629"><a href="#cite_note-629">[623]</a></sup> retired Marine Corps general <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/James_Mattis" title="James Mattis">James Mattis</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-630"><a href="#cite_note-630">[624]</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-631"><a href="#cite_note-631">[625]</a></sup> Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-632"><a href="#cite_note-632">[626]</a></sup> and South Carolina governor <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-633"><a href="#cite_note-633">[627]</a></sup>
</p><p>Two of Trump's 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary <a href="/wiki/Tom_Price_(American_politician)" title="Tom Price (American politician)">Tom Price</a> was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-634"><a href="#cite_note-634">[628]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Brookings_625-1"><a href="#cite_note-Brookings-625">[619]</a></sup> EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Hersher-180705_635-0"><a href="#cite_note-Hersher-180705-635">[629]</a></sup> while Interior Secretary <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Ryan Zinke</a> resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-636"><a href="#cite_note-636">[630]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-637"><a href="#cite_note-637">[631]</a></sup> By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-638"><a href="#cite_note-638">[632]</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Dismissal_of_James_Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</span></h4>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Dismissal of James Comey</a></div>
<p>On May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Apuzzo_639-0"><a href="#cite_note-Apuzzo-639">[633]</a></sup> which criticized Comey's conduct in the investigation about <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy#October_2016_–_Additional_investigation" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton's emails</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Guardian-20170509_640-0"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-20170509-640">[634]</a></sup> On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Barrett-20170511_641-0"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-20170511-641">[635]</a></sup> and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theweek-20170511_642-0"><a href="#cite_note-theweek-20170511-642">[636]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to a <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Comey_memo" title="Comey memo">Comey memo</a> of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Flynn" title="Michael Flynn">Michael Flynn</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wilber_643-0"><a href="#cite_note-Wilber-643">[637]</a></sup>
In March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_644-0"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-644">[638]</a></sup> and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-schmidt_645-0"><a href="#cite_note-schmidt-645">[639]</a></sup> He also asked intelligence chiefs <a href="/wiki/Dan_Coats" title="Dan Coats">Dan Coats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Rogers" title="Michael S. Rogers">Michael Rogers</a> to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sciutto_646-0"><a href="#cite_note-Sciutto-646">[640]</a></sup> Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dilanian_647-0"><a href="#cite_note-Dilanian-647">[641]</a></sup> Comey eventually testified on June<span class="nowrap"> </span>8 that, while he was director, the FBI investigations had not targeted Trump himself.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-comeytestimony_644-1"><a href="#cite_note-comeytestimony-644">[638]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-20110608_648-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-20110608-648">[642]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="COVID-19_pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic in the United States</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_%2849627907646%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Signs_the_Congressional_Funding_Bill_for_Coronavirus_Response_(49627907646).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump signs the <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act,_2020" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law on March 6, 2020.</div></div></div>
<p>In December 2019, an outbreak of <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19) was first identified in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China, spreading worldwide within weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WHOpandemic2_649-0"><a href="#cite_note-WHOpandemic2-649">[643]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-650"><a href="#cite_note-650">[644]</a></sup> The first confirmed case in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-651"><a href="#cite_note-651">[645]</a></sup> On January 31, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Health_and_Human_Services_Secretary" title="Health and Human Services Secretary">Health and Human Services Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Azar" title="Alex Azar">Alex Azar</a> announced a partial ban on non-Americans traveling to the U.S. from China, effective February 2.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cloud-200419<ref_652-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cloud-200419<ref-652">[646]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump was slow to address the pandemic, initially dismissing the imminent threat and ignoring calls for action from government health experts and Secretary Azar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cloud-200419_653-0"><a href="#cite_note-Cloud-200419-653">[647]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_4_11_20_654-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-654">[648]</a></sup> Throughout January and February, he rejected persistent public health warnings from officials within his administration, focusing instead on economic and political considerations of the outbreak.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kelly-200321_655-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly-200321-655">[649]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_4_11_20_654-1"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_4_11_20-654">[648]</a></sup> He continued to claim that a vaccine was months away, although HHS and CDC officials had repeatedly told him it would take 12–18 months to develop a vaccine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-656"><a href="#cite_note-656">[650]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Allen-200305_657-0"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-200305-657">[651]</a></sup> Trump also exaggerated the availability of testing for the virus, falsely claiming "anybody that wants a test can get a test," despite the availability of tests being severely limited.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-658"><a href="#cite_note-658">[652]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP-200411_659-0"><a href="#cite_note-AP-200411-659">[653]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 6, Trump signed the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Preparedness_and_Response_Supplemental_Appropriations_Act" title="Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act">Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act</a> into law, which provided $8.3 billion in emergency funding for federal agencies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-660"><a href="#cite_note-660">[654]</a></sup> On March 11, he announced partial travel restrictions for most of Europe, effective March 13.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-661"><a href="#cite_note-661">[655]</a></sup> That same day, he gave his first serious assessment of the virus ("horrible") in a nationwide Oval Office address; he also said the outbreak was "a temporary moment" and that there was no financial crisis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-662"><a href="#cite_note-662">[656]</a></sup> On March 13, he declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">national emergency</a>, freeing up federal resources.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Politico_3_13_2020_663-0"><a href="#cite_note-Politico_3_13_2020-663">[657]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Frum_April_2020_664-0"><a href="#cite_note-Frum_April_2020-664">[658]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-665"><a href="#cite_note-665">[659]</a></sup> In a March 16 press conference, Trump acknowledged for the first time the pandemic was "not under control", the situation was "bad", and that months of disruption to daily lives and a recession might occur.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-666"><a href="#cite_note-666">[660]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_(49890718362).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="2000" data-file-width="3000" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/220px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/330px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg/440px-White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_%2849890718362%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:White_House_Coronavirus_Update_Briefing_(49890718362).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>White House coronavirus update briefing, May 11, 2020</div></div></div>
<p>Beginning in mid-March, Trump held a daily press conference, joined by medical experts and other administration officials,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karni_667-0"><a href="#cite_note-Karni-667">[661]</a></sup> sometimes disagreeing with them by promoting unproven treatments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-668"><a href="#cite_note-668">[662]</a></sup> Trump was the main speaker at the briefings, where he praised his own response to the pandemic, frequently criticized rival presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, and denounced members of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_press_corps" title="White House press corps">White House press corps</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Karni_667-1"><a href="#cite_note-Karni-667">[661]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-669"><a href="#cite_note-669">[663]</a></sup> On April 3, Trump announced that the federal government would use funds from the <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a> to pay hospitals for treatment of uninsured patients infected with the coronavirus.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-670"><a href="#cite_note-670">[664]</a></sup> His repeated use of the terms "Chinese virus" and "China virus" to describe <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> drew criticism from the media, health experts, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), and the Chinese government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-671"><a href="#cite_note-671">[665]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-672"><a href="#cite_note-672">[666]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-673"><a href="#cite_note-673">[667]</a></sup>
</p><p>By early April, as the pandemic worsened and amid criticism of his administration's response, Trump refused to admit any mistakes in his handling the outbreak, instead blaming the media, Democratic state governors, the previous administration, China, and the World Health Organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-674"><a href="#cite_note-674">[668]</a></sup> Although the allegations blaming the WHO were not substantiated, at the end of May 2020 Trump announced that the United States would terminate its relationship with that organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-675"><a href="#cite_note-675">[669]</a></sup> By mid-April 2020, some national news agencies began limiting live coverage of his daily press briefings, with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> reporting that "<a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propagandistic</a> and false statements from Trump alternate with newsworthy pronouncements from members of his <a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">coronavirus task force</a>, particularly coronavirus response coordinator <a href="/wiki/Deborah_Birx" title="Deborah Birx">Deborah Birx</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Allergy_and_Infectious_Diseases" title="National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a> Director <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Anthony_S._Fauci" title="Anthony S. Fauci">Anthony S. Fauci</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-676"><a href="#cite_note-676">[670]</a></sup>
</p><p>On April 22, Trump signed an executive order restricting some forms of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration to the United States</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-677"><a href="#cite_note-677">[671]</a></sup> In April 2020, Republican-connected groups organized <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Protests_in_the_United_States_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests in the United States over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">anti-lockdown protests</a> against the measures state governments were taking to combat the pandemic;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Grauniad-Right_678-0"><a href="#cite_note-Grauniad-Right-678">[672]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-679"><a href="#cite_note-679">[673]</a></sup> Trump encouraged the protests on Twitter,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-680"><a href="#cite_note-680">[674]</a></sup> even though the targeted states did not meet the Trump administration's own guidelines for reopening.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-681"><a href="#cite_note-681">[675]</a></sup> He first supported, then later criticized Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a>'s plan to reopen some nonessential businesses,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-682"><a href="#cite_note-682">[676]</a></sup> which was a key example of Trump often reversing his stances in his communication during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-683"><a href="#cite_note-683">[677]</a></sup> Throughout the spring he increasingly pushed for ending the restrictions as a way to reverse the damage to the country's economy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-684"><a href="#cite_note-684">[678]</a></sup> In early July he began insisting that all states should open schools to in-person education in the fall, despite a July spike in reported cases.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-685"><a href="#cite_note-685">[679]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_(50044008817).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3872" data-file-width="5808" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_%2850044008817%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Visits_with_the_President_of_Poland_(50044008817).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>'s president <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Duda" title="Andrzej Duda">Andrzej Duda</a> was the first foreign leader to travel to the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-686"><a href="#cite_note-686">[680]</a></sup></div></div></div>
<p>For months, Trump refused to wear a face mask at press conferences and most public events, contrary to his own administration's April 2020 guidance that Americans should wear masks in public.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-687"><a href="#cite_note-687">[681]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99days_688-0"><a href="#cite_note-99days-688">[682]</a></sup> By June, Trump had stated that masks were a "double-edged sword", ridiculed Biden for wearing one, continually emphasized that mask-wearing was optional, and suggested that wearing a mask is a political statement against him personally.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-689"><a href="#cite_note-689">[683]</a></sup> Trump first showed himself wearing a face mask in public in July 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed National Military Medical Center</a>, 99 days after the CDC's recommendation that Americans should do so.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99days_688-1"><a href="#cite_note-99days-688">[682]</a></sup>
</p><p>In September 2019, the Trump administration ended a 200-million-dollar early-warning program, <a href="/wiki/PREDICT_(USAID)" title="PREDICT (USAID)">PREDICT</a>, initiated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a> in 2009;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-690"><a href="#cite_note-690">[684]</a></sup> dozens of epidemiologists and wildlife veterinarians working for partner organizations were laid off.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-691"><a href="#cite_note-691">[685]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-692"><a href="#cite_note-692">[686]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-693"><a href="#cite_note-693">[687]</a></sup> The program trained scientists in sixty foreign laboratories, including the Wuhan lab that first identified the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19, to detect and respond to viruses that have the potential to cause pandemics. On April 1, 2020, USAID extended the program for six months.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-694"><a href="#cite_note-694">[688]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-695"><a href="#cite_note-695">[689]</a></sup>
</p><p>The daily coronavirus task force briefings were wound down in late April, after Trump at one of the briefings floated the idea of using bleach injections to treat COVID-19, leading to widespread condemnation by medical professionals for the idea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-696"><a href="#cite_note-696">[690]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-697"><a href="#cite_note-697">[691]</a></sup> In early May, President Trump proposed that the coronavirus task force should be phased out, to accommodate another group centered on reopening the economy. Amid a backlash, Trump publicly said the coronavirus task force would continue on "indefinitely".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-698"><a href="#cite_note-698">[692]</a></sup> By the end of May, the coronavirus task force's meetings were sharply reduced.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-699"><a href="#cite_note-699">[693]</a></sup> Despite record numbers of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. from mid-June onward and an increasing percentage of positive test results, Trump continued to mostly downplay the pandemic, including his claim in early July 2020 that 99% of COVID-19 cases are "totally harmless", a claim which contradicts health officials in the U.S.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-700"><a href="#cite_note-700">[694]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lafayette_Square_protester_removal_and_photo_op">Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></div>
<table class="infobox" style="width:22em;width: 300px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><caption>External video</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" data-file-height="128" data-file-width="128" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" width="16"/> <a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxYmILDya0A" rel="nofollow"><span class="plainlinks">A video timeline of the crackdown on protesters before Trump's photo op</span></a> on YouTube (The Washington Post) (12:12)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" data-file-height="128" data-file-width="128" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" width="16"/> <a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oRQF68psdY" rel="nofollow"><span class="plainlinks">Trump Stands In Front of Church Holding Bible After Threatening Military Action Against Protesters</span></a> on YouTube (NBC) (2:40)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align: left"><img alt="" data-file-height="128" data-file-width="128" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" width="16"/> <a class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ShnqmiKLE8" rel="nofollow"><span class="plainlinks">President Trump walks across Lafayette Park to St. John's Church</span></a> on YouTube <span class="nowrap">(C-SPAN)</span> (7:46)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In a Rose Garden speech on June 1, 2020, Trump threatened that he would deploy the U.S. military in U.S. cities and states not taking "the actions necessary to defend the life and property of their residents" in reaction to <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">mass protests and civil unrest</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" title="Killing of George Floyd">police killing of George Floyd</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-701"><a href="#cite_note-701">[695]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-702"><a href="#cite_note-702">[696]</a></sup> While he was speaking, federal law enforcement officials used batons, rubber bullets, <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray projectiles</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wb_703-0"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stun_grenade" title="Stun grenade">stun grenades</a>, and smoke to remove a largely peaceful crowd from <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square</a>, outside the White House. The removal had been ordered by Attorney General <a href="/wiki/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wb_703-1"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bumpline_704-0"><a href="#cite_note-bumpline-704">[698]</a></sup> Trump then walked to <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Episcopal_Church,_Lafayette_Square" title="St. John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square">St. John's Episcopal Church</a> where the night before a small fire had been set in the basement nursery of its <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Parish_house" title="Parish house">parish house</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-705"><a href="#cite_note-705">[699]</a></sup> He posed for photographs holding a Bible, with Cabinet members and other officials later joining him in photos.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wb_703-2"><a href="#cite_note-wb-703">[697]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bumpline_704-1"><a href="#cite_note-bumpline-704">[698]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-706"><a href="#cite_note-706">[700]</a></sup> Trump, who had not attended the church since his inauguration, did not enter it or inspect the damage to the basement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-707"><a href="#cite_note-707">[701]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clash_708-0"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup>
</p><p>Religious leaders condemned the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-709"><a href="#cite_note-709">[703]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clash_708-1"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup> Many retired military leaders and defense officials condemned Trump's proposal to use the U.S. military against the protesters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-clash_708-2"><a href="#cite_note-clash-708">[702]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-710"><a href="#cite_note-710">[704]</a></sup> The chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>, General <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Mark_A._Milley" title="Mark A. Milley">Mark A. Milley</a>, later apologized for accompanying Trump on the walk and thereby "creat[ing] the perception of the military involved in domestic politics".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-apology_711-0"><a href="#cite_note-apology-711">[705]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_profile">Public profile</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Approval_ratings">Approval ratings</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration</a></div>
<p>Polling in 2019 suggested Trump was the most unpopular president since Harry Truman.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-712"><a href="#cite_note-712">[706]</a></sup> At the end of his second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-713"><a href="#cite_note-713">[707]</a></sup> As of February 2020, his Gallup rating has ranged from a low of 35% approval to a high of 49%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-714"><a href="#cite_note-714">[708]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-715"><a href="#cite_note-715">[709]</a></sup> His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-716"><a href="#cite_note-716">[710]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-717"><a href="#cite_note-717">[711]</a></sup>
</p><p>In Gallup's end-of-year <a href="/wiki/Gallup%27s_most_admired_man_and_woman_poll" title="Gallup's most admired man and woman poll">poll</a> asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gallup1678_718-0"><a href="#cite_note-gallup1678-718">[712]</a></sup> Trump is the first elected president not to be named most admired in his first year in office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-719"><a href="#cite_note-719">[713]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Social_media">Social media</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">Donald Trump on social media</a></div>
<p>Trump's presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump's Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-720"><a href="#cite_note-720">[714]</a></sup>
</p><p>By the end of May 2020, Trump had written about 52,000 tweets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup> Counted through the Trump Twitter Archive, these include 22,115 tweets over seven years before his presidential candidacy, 8,159 tweets during the <span class="frac nowrap">1<span class="visualhide"> </span><sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub></span> years of his candidacy and transition period, and 14,186 tweets over the first three years of his presidency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-722"><a href="#cite_note-722">[716]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-federalist-sidelining_723-0"><a href="#cite_note-federalist-sidelining-723">[717]</a></sup> Since early in his presidency, his tweets have been considered official statements by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-724"><a href="#cite_note-724">[718]</a></sup> employed for announcing policy or personnel changes. In March 2018, Trump fired his Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a> by Twitter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-725"><a href="#cite_note-725">[719]</a></sup>
</p><p>Many of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT-20170427_726-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20170427-726">[720]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WP-20170501_727-0"><a href="#cite_note-WP-20170501-727">[721]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CT-20170624_728-0"><a href="#cite_note-CT-20170624-728">[722]</a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2020, Twitter began tagging some Trump tweets with fact checking warnings<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-1"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Twitter_refutes_729-0"><a href="#cite_note-Twitter_refutes-729">[723]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-first_label_730-0"><a href="#cite_note-first_label-730">[724]</a></sup> and labels for violations of Twitter rules.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-second_label_731-0"><a href="#cite_note-second_label-731">[725]</a></sup> Trump responded by threatening to "strongly regulate" or even "close down" social media platforms.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBCTweets_721-2"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTweets-721">[715]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-lashing_out_732-0"><a href="#cite_note-lashing_out-732">[726]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="False_statements">False statements</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements by Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:332px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1750" data-file-width="2775" decoding="async" height="208" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/330px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/495px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png/660px-2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png 2x" width="330"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:2017-_Donald_Trump_veracity_-_composite_graph.png" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fact-checkers" title="Fact-checkers">Fact-checkers</a> from <i>The Washington Post</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733">[727]</a></sup> the <i>Toronto Star</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TorontoStar_20190605_734-0"><a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar_20190605-734">[728]</a></sup> and CNN<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dale_20200309_735-0"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_20200309-735">[729]</a></sup> compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.</div></div></div>
<p>As president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qiu_736-0"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-736">[730]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KesslerLee_737-0"><a href="#cite_note-KesslerLee-737">[731]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-738"><a href="#cite_note-738">[732]</a></sup> The misinformation has been documented by <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Fact-checker" title="Fact-checker">fact-checkers</a>; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-unprecedenteduntruths_739-0"><a href="#cite_note-unprecedenteduntruths-739">[733]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-0"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-740">[734]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Konnikova_261-1"><a href="#cite_note-Konnikova-261">[257]</a></sup> This behavior was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-741"><a href="#cite_note-741">[735]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-742"><a href="#cite_note-742">[736]</a></sup> His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-1"><a href="#cite_note-Glasser-180803-740">[734]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to <i>The New York Times</i>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Qiu_736-1"><a href="#cite_note-Qiu-736">[730]</a></sup> and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of <i>The Washington Post</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-743"><a href="#cite_note-743">[737]</a></sup> By the <i>Post</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kessler-190429_744-0"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler-190429-744">[738]</a></sup> For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-745"><a href="#cite_note-745">[739]</a></sup> from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-746"><a href="#cite_note-746">[740]</a></sup> The <i>Post</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s reported tally is 20,055 as of July 9, 2020,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-1"><a href="#cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733">[727]</a></sup> with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-747"><a href="#cite_note-747">[741]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some of Trump's falsehoods are inconsequential, such as his claims of a large crowd size during his inauguration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PolitiFact_1/21/2017_748-0"><a href="#cite_note-PolitiFact_1/21/2017-748">[742]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rein_3/6/2017_749-0"><a href="#cite_note-Rein_3/6/2017-749">[743]</a></sup> Others have had more far reaching effects, such as Trump's promotion of unproven antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID‑19 in a press conference and on Twitter in March 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200319washingtonpost_750-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200319washingtonpost-750">[744]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-March19Briefing_751-0"><a href="#cite_note-March19Briefing-751">[745]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-M.Spring_752-0"><a href="#cite_note-M.Spring-752">[746]</a></sup> The claims had consequences worldwide, such as a shortage of these drugs in the United States and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Panic-buying" title="Panic-buying">panic-buying</a> in Africa and South Asia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20200323washingtonpost_753-0"><a href="#cite_note-20200323washingtonpost-753">[747]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-wsj1158498189_754-0"><a href="#cite_note-wsj1158498189-754">[748]</a></sup> The state of <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> obtained nearly a million doses for its hospitals, even though most of them did not want the drug.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Atterbury-Dixon_755-0"><a href="#cite_note-Atterbury-Dixon-755">[749]</a></sup> Other misinformation, such as Trump's retweet of unverified videos of a far-right British nationalist group in November 2017, serves a domestic political purpose, promoting policies on immigration and border security.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AZurcher_756-0"><a href="#cite_note-AZurcher-756">[750]</a></sup> As a matter of principle, Trump does not apologize for his falsehoods.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-JAllen_757-0"><a href="#cite_note-JAllen-757">[751]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite the frequency of Trump's falsehoods, the media have rarely referred to them as "lies".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-0"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-0"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> The word suggests an attempt to deceive, hence if used could be construed as conveying an opinion as to the intent behind the statement.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-1"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-1"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> The word is fraught with political peril and has usually been avoided out of respect for the presidential office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DGreenberg_758-2"><a href="#cite_note-DGreenberg-758">[752]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-2"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> Nevertheless, in August 2018 <i>The Washington Post</i> declared for the first time that some of Trump's misstatements (statements concerning hush money paid to <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> and <i>Playboy</i> model <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a>) were lies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GKessler_760-0"><a href="#cite_note-GKessler-760">[754]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-DBouder_759-3"><a href="#cite_note-DBouder-759">[753]</a></sup> Former Secretary of State for <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, who had never used the word in reference to any previous president, said in June 2020 that Trump "lies all the time".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-SBecket_761-0"><a href="#cite_note-SBecket-761">[755]</a></sup>
</p><p>Some view the nature and frequency of Trump's falsehoods as having profound and corrosive consequences on democracy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-MTomasky_762-0"><a href="#cite_note-MTomasky-762">[756]</a></sup> James Pfiffner, professor of policy and government at George Mason University, wrote in 2019 that Trump lies differently from previous presidents, because he offers "egregious false statements that are demonstrably contrary to well-known facts"; these lies are the "most important" of all Trump lies. By calling facts into question, people will be unable to properly evaluate their government, with beliefs irrationally settled by "political power"; this erodes <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democracy</a>, wrote Pfiffner.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pfiffner_763-0"><a href="#cite_note-Pfiffner-763">[757]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Relationship_with_the_press">Relationship with the press</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump#Relationship_with_the_news_media" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency of Donald Trump § Relationship with the news media</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="800" data-file-width="1200" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/220px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/330px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg/440px-President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_%2833573172373%29.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump%27s_First_100_Days-_45_(33573172373).jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump talking to the press, March 2017</div></div></div>
<p>Throughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Parnes_764-0"><a href="#cite_note-Parnes-764">[758]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ingram-160301_765-0"><a href="#cite_note-Ingram-160301-765">[759]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AN-170124_766-0"><a href="#cite_note-AN-170124-766">[760]</a></sup> Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Dantonio-160710_767-0"><a href="#cite_note-Dantonio-160710-767">[761]</a></sup> Fox News anchor <a href="/wiki/Bret_Baier" title="Bret Baier">Bret Baier</a> and former House speaker <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people's "heads explode".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-768"><a href="#cite_note-768">[762]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-769"><a href="#cite_note-769">[763]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-1"><a href="#cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254">[250]</a></sup> <i>New York Times</i> writer <a href="/wiki/Amy_Chozick" title="Amy Chozick">Amy Chozick</a> wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump's appeal was his media dominance, which enthralls the public. Chozick endorsed the view that with Trump "feeding something every night" there is a "can't miss" nature for media coverage of him, akin to a reality show.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-ChozickNYT_770-0"><a href="#cite_note-ChozickNYT-770">[764]</a></sup>
</p><p>Throughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-1"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-160724-251">[247]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-771"><a href="#cite_note-771">[765]</a></sup> After winning the election, journalist <a href="/wiki/Lesley_Stahl" title="Lesley Stahl">Lesley Stahl</a> recounted Trump saying he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-772"><a href="#cite_note-772">[766]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters' White House press credentials.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:17_773-0"><a href="#cite_note-:17-773">[767]</a></sup> His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto2_774-0"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-774">[768]</a></sup> In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-775"><a href="#cite_note-775">[769]</a></sup> The Trump White House held about a hundred formal press briefings in 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two in 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto2_774-1"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-774">[768]</a></sup>
</p><p>In early 2020, the Trump campaign sued <i>The New York Times</i>, <i>The Washington Post</i>, and CNN for alleged defamation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-776"><a href="#cite_note-776">[770]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-777"><a href="#cite_note-777">[771]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Racial_views">Racial views</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>Trump has made numerous comments and actions that have been characterized both within the U.S. and abroad as racially charged or racist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-778"><a href="#cite_note-778">[772]</a></sup> He has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting: "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-779"><a href="#cite_note-779">[773]</a></sup> Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of <a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>, while others accept it because they share such beliefs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-780"><a href="#cite_note-780">[774]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_781-0"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-781">[775]</a></sup> Scholars have discussed Trump's rhetoric in the context of <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacy</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-782"><a href="#cite_note-782">[776]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-783"><a href="#cite_note-783">[777]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-784"><a href="#cite_note-784">[778]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-785"><a href="#cite_note-785">[779]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-786"><a href="#cite_note-786">[780]</a></sup>
</p><p>Several studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump's political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nation-20170508_781-1"><a href="#cite_note-nation-20170508-781">[775]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vox-20171215_787-0"><a href="#cite_note-vox-20171215-787">[781]</a></sup> Racist and <a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">islamophobic</a> attitudes have been shown to be a powerful indicator of support for Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-788"><a href="#cite_note-788">[782]</a></sup> In a June 2018 <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University" title="Quinnipiac University">Quinnipiac University</a> poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Marcin_789-0"><a href="#cite_note-Marcin-789">[783]</a></sup> Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Quinnipiac-180703_790-0"><a href="#cite_note-Quinnipiac-180703-790">[784]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mahler_81-2"><a href="#cite_note-Mahler-81">[77]</a></sup> He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case" title="Central Park jogger case">Central Park jogger case</a>, even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-791"><a href="#cite_note-791">[785]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">"birther" conspiracy theories</a> alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-792"><a href="#cite_note-792">[786]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-793"><a href="#cite_note-793">[787]</a></sup> In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Madison27April_794-0"><a href="#cite_note-Madison27April-794">[788]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-795"><a href="#cite_note-795">[789]</a></sup> In September 2016, amid pressure, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S. and falsely claimed the rumors had been started by <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> during <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">her 2008 presidential campaign</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nyt-drops_796-0"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-drops-796">[790]</a></sup> In 2017, he reportedly still expressed birther views in private.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-797"><a href="#cite_note-797">[791]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to an analysis in <i><a href="/wiki/Political_Science_Quarterly" title="Political Science Quarterly">Political Science Quarterly</a></i>, Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-798"><a href="#cite_note-798">[792]</a></sup> In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they're bringing crime, they're rapists".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-799"><a href="#cite_note-799">[793]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-800"><a href="#cite_note-800">[794]</a></sup> His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding <a href="/wiki/Trump_University" title="Trump University">Trump University</a> were also criticized as racist.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-801"><a href="#cite_note-801">[795]</a></sup>
</p>
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codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-title="VP9 (360P)" data-shorttitle="VP9 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="479216" data-framerate="29.97"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.360p.webm#t=00:13:11" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="578696" data-framerate="29.97"/></video></div>'><img alt="File:President Trump Gives a Statement on the Infrastructure Discussion.webm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm/220px-seek%3D791-President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm.jpg" style="width:220px;height:124px"/><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm" target="new" title="Play media"><span class="play-btn-large"><span class="mw-tmh-playtext">Play media</span></span></a></div> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:President_Trump_Gives_a_Statement_on_the_Infrastructure_Discussion.webm" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Trump answers questions from reporters about the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> in Charlottesville.</div></div></div>
<p>Trump's comments in reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">2017 Charlottesville far-right rally</a> were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between white supremacist demonstrators and counter-protesters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-802"><a href="#cite_note-802">[796]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a January 2018 <a href="/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zack_803-0"><a href="#cite_note-zack-803">[797]</a></sup> His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-804"><a href="#cite_note-804">[798]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-805"><a href="#cite_note-805">[799]</a></sup>
</p><p>In July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress – all four minority women, three of them native-born Americans – should "<a href="/wiki/Go_back_where_you_came_from" title="Go back where you came from">go back</a>" to the countries they "came from".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-806"><a href="#cite_note-806">[800]</a></sup> Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-807"><a href="#cite_note-807">[801]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/White_nationalist" title="White nationalist">White nationalist</a> publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-808"><a href="#cite_note-808">[802]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Allegations_of_sexual_misconduct">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape">Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape</a></div>
<p>At least twenty-three women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct as of October 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, including his then-wife Ivana. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women's skirts, and walking in on naked women.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-809"><a href="#cite_note-809">[803]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-810"><a href="#cite_note-810">[804]</a></sup> In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-811"><a href="#cite_note-811">[805]</a></sup>
</p><p>In October 2016, two days before the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_debates,_2016#Second_presidential_debate_(Washington_University_in_St._Louis)" title="United States presidential election debates, 2016">second presidential debate</a>, a 2005 "<a href="/wiki/Hot_mic" title="Hot mic">hot mic</a>" recording surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women, saying "when you're a star, they let you do it, you can do anything ... grab 'em by the <a href="/wiki/Pussy#Female_genitalia" title="Pussy">pussy</a>."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NBC080716_812-0"><a href="#cite_note-NBC080716-812">[806]</a></sup> The incident's widespread media exposure led to Trump's first public apology during the campaign,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-813"><a href="#cite_note-813">[807]</a></sup> and caused outrage across the political spectrum.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-814"><a href="#cite_note-814">[808]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Allegations_of_inciting_violence">Allegations of inciting violence</span></h3>
<p>Some research suggests Trump's rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-815"><a href="#cite_note-815">[809]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-816"><a href="#cite_note-816">[810]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-817"><a href="#cite_note-817">[811]</a></sup> During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-818"><a href="#cite_note-818">[812]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-819"><a href="#cite_note-819">[813]</a></sup> Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump's rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-820"><a href="#cite_note-820">[814]</a></sup> In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump's rhetoric in his own defense.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-821"><a href="#cite_note-821">[815]</a></sup> It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-822"><a href="#cite_note-822">[816]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">Donald Trump in popular culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">Donald Trump in music</a></div>
<p>Trump has been the subject of comedians, <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a> cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>Saturday Night Live</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hartman" title="Phil Hartman">Phil Hartman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Hammond" title="Darrell Hammond">Darrell Hammond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alec_Baldwin" title="Alec Baldwin">Alec Baldwin</a>, and in <i><a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Mr._Garrison" title="Mr. Garrison">Mr. Garrison</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Bart_to_the_Future" title="Bart to the Future">Bart to the Future</a>", written during his <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2000" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2000">2000 campaign for the Reform party</a>, anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called <i><a href="/wiki/The_President_Show" title="The President Show">The President Show</a></i> debuted in April 2017 on <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>, while another one called <i><a href="/wiki/Our_Cartoon_President" title="Our Cartoon President">Our Cartoon President</a></i> debuted on <a href="/wiki/Showtime_(TV_network)" title="Showtime (TV network)">Showtime</a> in February 2018.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-823"><a href="#cite_note-823">[817]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump's wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Hip-hop" title="Hip-hop">hip-hop</a> lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_824-0"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-824">[818]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-825"><a href="#cite_note-825">[819]</a></sup> Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-538-hiphop_824-1"><a href="#cite_note-538-hiphop-824">[818]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recognition">Recognition</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>In 1983, Trump received the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund_Tree_of_Life_Award" title="Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award">Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award</a>, after he helped fund two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-826"><a href="#cite_note-826">[820]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto_827-0"><a href="#cite_note-auto-827">[821]</a></sup> In 1986, he received the <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island_Medal_of_Honor" title="Ellis Island Medal of Honor">Ellis Island Medal of Honor</a> in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-828"><a href="#cite_note-828">[822]</a></sup> and in 1995 was awarded the President's Medal from the <a href="/wiki/Freedoms_Foundation" title="Freedoms Foundation">Freedoms Foundation</a> for his support of youth programs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-829"><a href="#cite_note-829">[823]</a></sup> He has been awarded five honorary doctorates, but one was revoked by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon_University" title="Robert Gordon University">Robert Gordon University</a> in 2015 after Trump called for a Muslim ban, citing Trump's speech being "wholly incompatible<span class="nowrap"> </span>... with the ethos and values of the university". The remaining awards are <a href="/wiki/Lehigh_University" title="Lehigh University">Lehigh University</a>'s honorary doctorate of laws in 1988, <a href="/wiki/Wagner_College" title="Wagner College">Wagner College</a>'s honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2004, and <a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">Liberty University</a>'s honorary doctorates of business and law in 2012 and 2017 respectively.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-830"><a href="#cite_note-830">[824]</a></sup>
</p><p>In December 2016, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i> named Trump as its "<a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PersonYear_831-0"><a href="#cite_note-PersonYear-831">[825]</a></sup> but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-832"><a href="#cite_note-832">[826]</a></sup> In the same month, he was named <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Person_of_the_Year" title="Financial Times Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FT_2016_833-0"><a href="#cite_note-FT_2016-833">[827]</a></sup> and was ranked by <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World%27s_Most_Powerful_People" title="Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People">second most powerful person in the world</a> after <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-834"><a href="#cite_note-834">[828]</a></sup> As president, Trump received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_King_Abdulaziz" title="Order of King Abdulaziz">Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud</a> from Saudi Arabia in 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-835"><a href="#cite_note-835">[829]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Investigations">Investigations</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Further information: Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_post-election_transition_following_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">transition</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2017)">January–June 2017</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)">July–December 2017</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)">January–June 2018</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)">July–December 2018</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2019)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2019)">2019</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Timeline_of_investigations_into_Trump_and_Russia_(2020%E2%80%932021)" title="Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (2020–2021)">2020–2021</a>)</div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a> FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">private businesses</a>, personal taxes, and <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">charitable foundation</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AP2018-12-16_74-1"><a href="#cite_note-AP2018-12-16-74">[70]</a></sup> <i>The New York Times</i> reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-NYT_Inv_836-0"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Inv-836">[830]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Hush_payments">Hush payments</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump#Payments_related_to_alleged_affairs" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">Legal affairs of Donald Trump § Payments related to alleged affairs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal#Alleged_affair_with_Donald_Trump" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal § Alleged affair with Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:132px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1728" data-file-width="1152" decoding="async" height="195" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/130px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/195px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg/260px-Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg 2x" width="130"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Stormy_Daniels_2010.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Pornographic film actress <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> in 2010</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/American_Media,_Inc." title="American Media, Inc.">American Media, Inc.</a> (AMI) paid $150,000 to <i><a href="/wiki/Playboy" title="Playboy">Playboy</a></i> model <a href="/wiki/Karen_McDougal" title="Karen McDougal">Karen McDougal</a> in August 2016,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WSJT_837-0"><a href="#cite_note-WSJT-837">[831]</a></sup> and Trump's attorney <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cohen_(lawyer)" title="Michael Cohen (lawyer)">Michael Cohen</a> paid $130,000 to <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film_actor" title="Pornographic film actor">adult film actress</a> <a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels" title="Stormy Daniels">Stormy Daniels</a> in October 2016.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-838"><a href="#cite_note-838">[832]</a></sup> Both women were paid for <a href="/wiki/Non-disclosure_agreement" title="Non-disclosure agreement">non-disclosure agreements</a> regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-839"><a href="#cite_note-839">[833]</a></sup> Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged both payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-840"><a href="#cite_note-840">[834]</a></sup> AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump's electoral chances.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-841"><a href="#cite_note-841">[835]</a></sup> Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen's payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Nelson_842-0"><a href="#cite_note-Nelson-842">[836]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-843"><a href="#cite_note-843">[837]</a></sup> Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-844"><a href="#cite_note-844">[838]</a></sup> Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-845"><a href="#cite_note-845">[839]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-846"><a href="#cite_note-846">[840]</a></sup> In July 2019, a federal judge disclosed that prosecutors had stated in a court filing they had closed the investigation,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-847"><a href="#cite_note-847">[841]</a></sup> but days later the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Manhattan_District_Attorney" title="Manhattan District Attorney">Manhattan District Attorney</a> subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-848"><a href="#cite_note-848">[842]</a></sup> and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-849"><a href="#cite_note-849">[843]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Russian_interference">Russian interference</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump associates and Russian officials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steele_dossier" title="Steele dossier">Steele dossier</a>, and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Trump-Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump-Ukraine scandal">Trump-Ukraine scandal</a></div>
<p>In January 2017, American intelligence agencies – the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">NSA</a>, represented by the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a> – jointly stated with "<a href="/wiki/Analytic_confidence#Levels_of_analytic_confidence_in_national_security_reports" title="Analytic confidence">high confidence</a>" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-850"><a href="#cite_note-850">[844]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Declassified_Report_851-0"><a href="#cite_note-Declassified_Report-851">[845]</a></sup> In March 2017, FBI Director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> told Congress "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government's efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia's efforts."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-852"><a href="#cite_note-852">[846]</a></sup>
</p><p>The connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-853"><a href="#cite_note-853">[847]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-854"><a href="#cite_note-854">[848]</a></sup> One of Trump's campaign managers, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a>, had worked from December 2004 until February 2010 to help pro-Russian politician <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a> win the Ukrainian presidency.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-855"><a href="#cite_note-855">[849]</a></sup> Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Michael_T._Flynn" title="Michael T. Flynn">Michael T. Flynn</a> and political consultant <a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a>, have been connected to Russian officials.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-856"><a href="#cite_note-856">[850]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-many_857-0"><a href="#cite_note-many-857">[851]</a></sup> Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-858"><a href="#cite_note-858">[852]</a></sup>
Members of Trump's campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-859"><a href="#cite_note-859">[853]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Reuters2_860-0"><a href="#cite_note-Reuters2-860">[854]</a></sup> On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kislyak" title="Sergey Kislyak">Sergey Kislyak</a> about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Flynn later resigned in the midst of controversy over whether he misled Pence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-861"><a href="#cite_note-861">[855]</a></sup> <i>The Washington Post</i> reported that Trump had told Kislyak and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Sergei_Lavrov" title="Sergei Lavrov">Sergei Lavrov</a> in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-862"><a href="#cite_note-862">[856]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump and his allies have promoted <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theories_related_to_the_Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal">a conspiracy theory</a> that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election – which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to <a href="/wiki/Frameup" title="Frameup">frame</a> Ukraine.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-863"><a href="#cite_note-863">[857]</a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">Democratic National Committee</a> was hacked, Trump firstly claimed it withheld "its server" from the FBI (in actuality there were more than 140 servers, of which digital copies were given to the FBI); secondly that <a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a>, the company which investigated the servers, was Ukraine-based and Ukrainian-owned (in actuality, CrowdStrike is U.S.-based, with the largest owners being American companies); and thirdly that "the server" was hidden in Ukraine. Members of the Trump administration have spoken out against the conspiracy theories.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-864"><a href="#cite_note-864">[858]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Special_counsel_investigation">Special counsel investigation</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">Mueller Report</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1650" data-file-width="1275" decoding="async" height="285" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-220px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-330px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf/page1-440px-Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf.jpg 2x" width="220"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/Sanitization_(classified_information)" title="Sanitization (classified information)">redacted</a> version of the <i><a href="/wiki/File:Report_On_The_Investigation_Into_Russian_Interference_In_The_2016_Presidential_Election.pdf" title="File:Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election.pdf">Mueller Report</a></i> released by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> on April 18, 2019</div></div></div>
<p>On May 17, 2017, former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Attorney_General" title="United States Deputy Attorney General">Deputy Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Rod_Rosenstein" title="Rod Rosenstein">Rod Rosenstein</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mueller" title="Robert Mueller">Robert Mueller</a>, a former <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Director_of_the_FBI" title="Director of the FBI">director of the FBI</a>, to serve as <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Special_counsel" title="Special counsel">special counsel</a> for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-0"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller_Report-865">[859]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-0"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenstein_5/17/2017-866">[860]</a></sup> thus taking over the existing "<a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a>" FBI investigation into the matter.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-1"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenstein_5/17/2017-866">[860]</a></sup> The special counsel also investigated whether Trump's <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">dismissal of James Comey</a> as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Vitkovskaya_867-0"><a href="#cite_note-Vitkovskaya-867">[861]</a></sup> Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-868"><a href="#cite_note-868">[862]</a></sup> Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign's possible ties to <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-869"><a href="#cite_note-869">[863]</a></sup>
</p><p>Trump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions – in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018 – and close the investigation but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-870"><a href="#cite_note-870">[864]</a></sup> He bemoaned the recusal of his first Attorney General Jeff Sessions regarding Russia matters, and believed Sessions should have stopped the investigation.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-871"><a href="#cite_note-871">[865]</a></sup>
</p><p>On March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and gave <a href="/wiki/Mueller_Report" title="Mueller Report">his report</a> to Attorney General William Barr.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-872"><a href="#cite_note-872">[866]</a></sup> On March 24, Barr sent <a href="/wiki/Barr_letter" title="Barr letter">a four-page letter</a> to Congress summarizing the "principal conclusions" in the report. He quoted Mueller as stating "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him." Barr further wrote that he and Rosenstein did not see sufficient evidence to prove obstruction of justice.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Pramuk_873-0"><a href="#cite_note-Pramuk-873">[867]</a></sup> Trump interpreted Mueller's report as a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-874"><a href="#cite_note-874">[868]</a></sup> Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-875"><a href="#cite_note-875">[869]</a></sup> and some legal analysts called the Barr letter misleading.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-testcomm2_876-0"><a href="#cite_note-testcomm2-876">[870]</a></sup>
</p><p>A redacted version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The first volume found that Russia interfered to favor Trump's candidacy and hinder Clinton's.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-AFPpoints_877-0"><a href="#cite_note-AFPpoints-877">[871]</a></sup> Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-GlobeGraphic_878-0"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeGraphic-878">[872]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TIMErelease_879-0"><a href="#cite_note-TIMErelease-879">[873]</a></sup> The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion",<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-1"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller_Report-865">[859]</a></sup> and it details how Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged foreign interference believing they would politically benefit.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-880"><a href="#cite_note-880">[874]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-881"><a href="#cite_note-881">[875]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-882"><a href="#cite_note-882">[876]</a></sup>
</p><p>The second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WaPoLays_883-0"><a href="#cite_note-WaPoLays-883">[877]</a></sup> The report did not exonerate Trump of obstruction inasmuch as investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-FactCheck11_884-0"><a href="#cite_note-FactCheck11-884">[878]</a></sup> Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Legal_Counsel" title="Office of Legal Counsel">Office of Legal Counsel</a> (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-885"><a href="#cite_note-885">[879]</a></sup> The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-APdilemma_886-0"><a href="#cite_note-APdilemma-886">[880]</a></sup> Congress subsequently launched an <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a>, albeit it ultimately did not press charges related to the Mueller investigation.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Associates">Associates</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Criminal_charges_brought_in_the_Special_Counsel_investigation_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)">Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)</a></div>
<p>On August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman <a href="/wiki/Paul_Manafort" title="Paul Manafort">Paul Manafort</a> was <a href="/wiki/Trials_of_Paul_Manafort" title="Trials of Paul Manafort">convicted</a> on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-887"><a href="#cite_note-887">[881]</a></sup> Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>, Trump's personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Leonnig823_888-0"><a href="#cite_note-Leonnig823-888">[882]</a></sup>
</p><p>On November 29, Trump's former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump's 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build <a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_Moscow" title="Trump Tower Moscow">a Trump Tower in Moscow</a>. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-889"><a href="#cite_note-889">[883]</a></sup>
</p><p>The five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller's investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager <a href="/wiki/Rick_Gates_(political_consultant)" title="Rick Gates (political consultant)">Rick Gates</a>, foreign policy advisor <a href="/wiki/George_Papadopoulos" title="George Papadopoulos">George Papadopoulos</a>, Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-890"><a href="#cite_note-890">[884]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-891"><a href="#cite_note-891">[885]</a></sup>
</p><p>In February 2020, Trump campaign adviser <a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Roger Stone</a> was sentenced to over three years in jail, after being convicted of lying to Congress and witness tampering regarding his attempts to learn more about hacked Democratic emails during the 2016 election. The sentencing judge said Stone "was prosecuted for covering up for the president".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref--200220_892-0"><a href="#cite_note--200220-892">[886]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2019_congressional_investigation">2019 congressional investigation</span></h3>
<p>In March 2019, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/House_Judiciary_Committee" title="House Judiciary Committee">House Judiciary Committee</a> launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-893"><a href="#cite_note-893">[887]</a></sup> Committee chairman <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Jerrold_Nadler" title="Jerrold Nadler">Jerrold Nadler</a> sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump's presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-894"><a href="#cite_note-894">[888]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_895-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-895">[889]</a></sup> Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump's communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fandos-190304_895-1"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-190304-895">[889]</a></sup> The White House refused to comply, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-896"><a href="#cite_note-896">[890]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment">Impeachment</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">See also: <a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></div>
<p>Impeachment and trial is a process under the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> whereby the legislature can remove from office a president, cabinet member, judge, or other civil officer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-897"><a href="#cite_note-897">[891]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="U.S. House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> investigates the case; if the House votes to bring charges, the officer is impeached. There is then a trial in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._Senate" title="U.S. Senate">Senate</a> where a two-thirds vote is required to remove the person from office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-898"><a href="#cite_note-898">[892]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment_by_the_House_of_Representatives">Impeachment by the House of Representatives</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment of Donald Trump</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1796" data-file-width="3197" decoding="async" height="169" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/300px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/450px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg/600px-House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg 2x" width="300"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a class="internal" href="/wiki/File:House_of_Representatives_Votes_to_Adopt_the_Articles_of_Impeachment_Against_Donald_Trump.jpg" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Members of House of Representatives vote on two <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Articles_of_impeachment" title="Articles of impeachment">articles of impeachment</a> <span class="nowrap">(<a class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/755" rel="nofollow">H.Res. 755</a>)</span>, December 18, 2019</div></div></div>
<p>During much of Trump's presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-899"><a href="#cite_note-899">[893]</a></sup> Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019; after the Mueller Report was released in April and special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, this number grew to around 140 representatives.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-900"><a href="#cite_note-900">[894]</a></sup>
</p><p>In August 2019, a <a href="/wiki/Whistleblower_protection_in_the_United_States" title="Whistleblower protection in the United States">whistleblower</a> filed a complaint with the <a href="/wiki/Inspector_General_of_the_Intelligence_Community" title="Inspector General of the Intelligence Community">Inspector General of the Intelligence Community</a> about a July 25 phone call between Trump and President of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelensky" title="Volodymyr Zelensky">Volodymyr Zelensky</a>, during which Trump had pressured Zelensky to investigate <a href="/wiki/CrowdStrike" title="CrowdStrike">CrowdStrike</a> and Democratic presidential primary candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Biden" title="Hunter Biden">Hunter</a>, adding that the White House had attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-undermine_901-0"><a href="#cite_note-undermine-901">[895]</a></sup> The whistleblower further stated that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration which may have included withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019 and canceling Vice President Pence's May 2019 Ukraine trip.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-902"><a href="#cite_note-902">[896]</a></sup> Trump later confirmed having withheld military aid from Ukraine and offered contradicting reasons for the decision.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-903"><a href="#cite_note-903">[897]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-904"><a href="#cite_note-904">[898]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-905"><a href="#cite_note-905">[899]</a></sup>
</p><p>After the whistleblower complaint became known in September 2019, House speaker <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> initiated <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry against Donald Trump">a formal impeachment inquiry</a> on September 24.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Fandos_906-0"><a href="#cite_note-Fandos-906">[900]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Washington_Post_907-0"><a href="#cite_note-The_Washington_Post-907">[901]</a></sup> The Trump administration subsequently released a memorandum of the July 25 phone call, confirming that after Zelensky mentioned purchasing American anti-tank missiles, Trump asked Zelensky to investigate and to discuss these matters with Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-undermine_901-1"><a href="#cite_note-undermine-901">[895]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-abcnews.go.com_908-0"><a href="#cite_note-abcnews.go.com-908">[902]</a></sup> According to the testimony of multiple administration officials and former officials, the events were part of a broader effort to further Trump's personal interests by giving him an advantage in the upcoming presidential election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-909"><a href="#cite_note-909">[903]</a></sup>
</p><p>Among several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, <a href="/wiki/William_B._Taylor_Jr." title="William B. Taylor Jr.">William B. Taylor Jr.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Ukraine" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Ukraine">chargé d'affaires for Ukraine</a>, testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. According to Taylor and others, the goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-910"><a href="#cite_note-910">[904]</a></sup> He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not invite Zelensky to the White House.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:3_911-0"><a href="#cite_note-:3-911">[905]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-:0_912-0"><a href="#cite_note-:0-912">[906]</a></sup> Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Zelensky_Pressure_913-0"><a href="#cite_note-Zelensky_Pressure-913">[907]</a></sup>
</p><p>On December 3, 2019, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a> published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report said Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump's political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-914"><a href="#cite_note-914">[908]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-915"><a href="#cite_note-915">[909]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Intel-Report_916-0"><a href="#cite_note-Intel-Report-916">[910]</a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:<span>8,208</span></sup> The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-917"><a href="#cite_note-917">[911]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-918"><a href="#cite_note-918">[912]</a></sup>
</p><p>On December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Siegel_919-0"><a href="#cite_note-Siegel-919">[913]</a></sup> After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-920"><a href="#cite_note-920">[914]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Impeachment_trial_in_the_Senate">Impeachment trial in the Senate</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment trial of Donald Trump">Impeachment trial of Donald Trump</a></div>
<p>The Senate impeachment trial began on January 16, 2020.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-921"><a href="#cite_note-921">[915]</a></sup> On January 22, the Republican Senate majority rejected amendments proposed by the Democratic minority to call witnesses and subpoena documents; evidence collected during the House impeachment proceedings will be entered into the Senate record automatically unless objected to on a case-by-case basis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-922"><a href="#cite_note-922">[916]</a></sup> For the three days, January 22–24, the impeachment managers for the House presented their case to the Senate. They cited evidence to support charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and asserted that Trump's actions were exactly what the founding fathers had in mind when they included an impeachment process in the Constitution.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-923"><a href="#cite_note-923">[917]</a></sup> Responding over the next three days, the Trump legal team did not deny the facts as presented in the charges, but said Trump had not broken any laws or obstructed Congress.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brazen_924-0"><a href="#cite_note-brazen-924">[918]</a></sup> They argued that the impeachment was "constitutionally and legally invalid" because Trump was not charged with a crime, abuse of power is not an impeachable offense, and Trump therefore should be acquitted immediately.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brazen_924-1"><a href="#cite_note-brazen-924">[918]</a></sup> On January 31, the Senate voted against allowing subpoenas to call witnesses or documents; 51 Republicans formed the majority for this vote.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-925"><a href="#cite_note-925">[919]</a></sup> Thus, this became the first impeachment trial in U.S. history without witness testimony.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-926"><a href="#cite_note-926">[920]</a></sup> On February 5, Trump was acquitted of both charges in a vote nearly along party lines, with Republican <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> being the only senator – and the only senator in U.S. history – to cross party lines by voting to convict on one of the charges.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-927"><a href="#cite_note-927">[921]</a></sup> Following his acquittal, Trump began identifying and removing political appointees and career officials he deemed insufficiently loyal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-928"><a href="#cite_note-928">[922]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Wealth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wealth_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">This estimate is by <i>Forbes</i> in their annual ranking. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Billionaires_Index" title="Bloomberg Billionaires Index">Bloomberg Billionaires Index</a> listed Trump's net worth as $2.97 billion in June 2019,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BBI_62-0"><a href="#cite_note-BBI-62">[58]</a></sup> and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2 billion in April 2019.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WX_63-0"><a href="#cite_note-WX-63">[59]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-electoral-college-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-electoral-college_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>, and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Faithless_electors" title="Faithless electors">faithless electors</a>). Consequently, it is possible for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/President-elect" title="President-elect">president-elect</a> to have received fewer votes from the country's total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_elections_in_which_the_winner_lost_the_popular_vote" title="United States presidential elections in which the winner lost the popular vote">five times since 1824</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> was older upon his second-term inauguration.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-coordination-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coordination_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]' – a term that appears in the appointment order – with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement – tacit or express – between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." <a class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf" rel="nofollow">Mueller Report</a>, vol. I, p. 2</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of <a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1876_United_States_presidential_election" title="1876 United States presidential election">1876</a>, <a href="/wiki/1888_United_States_presidential_election" title="1888 United States presidential election">1888</a>, <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> trailed in <i>both</i> the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden" title="Samuel Tilden">Samuel Tilden</a> in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a <a href="/wiki/Plurality_(voting)" title="Plurality (voting)">plurality</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-299"><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-300"><a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> was the <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of Presidents of the United States">22nd and 24th president</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-311"><a href="#cite_note-311">[306]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA32_32]_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32" rel="nofollow">32</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHorowitz2015">Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/us/politics/donald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Old+Queens+Neighborhood+Contrasts+With+the+Diverse+Area+Around+It&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trumps-old-queens-neighborhood-now-a-melting-pot-was-seen-as-a-cloister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA38_38]_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA38" rel="nofollow">38</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bostonglobe-20150828-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe-20150828_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFViser2015">Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2015/08/28/donald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school/3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL/story.html" rel="nofollow">"Even in college, Donald Trump was brash"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Even+in+college%2C+Donald+Trump+was+brash&rft.date=2015-08-28&rft.aulast=Viser&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2015%2F08%2F28%2Fdonald-trump-was-bombastic-even-wharton-business-school%2F3FO0j1uS5X6S8156yH3YhL%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEhrenfreund2015">Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/03/if-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer" rel="nofollow">"The real reason Donald Trump is so rich"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+real+reason+Donald+Trump+is+so+rich&rft.date=2015-09-03&rft.aulast=Ehrenfreund&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2015%2F09%2F03%2Fif-donald-trump-followed-this-really-basic-advice-hed-be-a-lot-richer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160719213709/https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>. May 20, 1968. pp. 19–21. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.archives.upenn.edu/primdocs/upg/upg7/upg7_1968.pdf" rel="nofollow">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 19, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two+Hundred+and+Twelfth+Commencement+for+the+Conferring+of+Degrees&rft.pages=19-21&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft.date=1968-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.upenn.edu%2Fprimdocs%2Fupg%2Fupg7%2Fupg7_1968.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSelk2018">Selk, Avi (May 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2018/05/20/its-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war/" rel="nofollow">"It's the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+50th+anniversary+of+the+day+Trump+left+college+and+%28briefly%29+faced+the+draft&rft.date=2018-05-20&rft.aulast=Selk&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fretropolis%2Fwp%2F2018%2F05%2F20%2Fits-the-50th-anniversary-of-the-day-trump-left-college-and-nearly-had-to-go-to-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAshford2019">Ashford, Grace (February 27, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/us/politics/trump-school-grades.html" rel="nofollow">"Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Michael+Cohen+Says+Trump+Told+Him+to+Threaten+Schools+Not+to+Release+Grades&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Ashford&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-school-grades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-defer-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-defer_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMontopoli2011">Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+avoided+Vietnam+with+deferments%2C+records+show&rft.date=2011-04-29&rft.aulast=Montopoli&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdonald-trump-avoided-vietnam-with-deferments-records-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/foia/donald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald John Trump's Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a></i>. August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Archives&rft.atitle=Donald+John+Trump%27s+Selective+Service+Draft+Card+and+Selective+Service+Classification+Ledger&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Ffoia%2Fdonald-trump-selective-service-draft-card.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/> – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Whitlock21July-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Whitlock21July_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWhitlock2015"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Whitlock" title="Craig Whitlock">Whitlock, Craig</a> (July 21, 2015). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/questions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war/2015/07/21/257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Questions linger about Trump's draft deferments during Vietnam War"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Questions+linger+about+Trump%27s+draft+deferments+during+Vietnam+War&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft.aulast=Whitlock&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fquestions-linger-about-trumps-draft-deferments-during-vietnam-war%2F2015%2F07%2F21%2F257677bc-2fdd-11e5-8353-1215475949f4_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SE-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SE_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEderPhilipps2016">Eder, Steve; <a href="/wiki/David_Philipps" title="David Philipps">Philipps, Dave</a> (August 1, 2016). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/us/politics/donald-trump-draft-record.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Draft+Deferments%3A+Four+for+College%2C+One+for+Bad+Feet&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Philipps%2C+Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-draft-record.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-emery-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emery_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEmery2016">Emery, David (August 2, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/news/2016/08/02/donald-trumps-draft-deferments/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Draft Deferments"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Snopes.com" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Draft+Deferments&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F08%2F02%2Fdonald-trumps-draft-deferments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGlasser2020"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Glasser" title="Susan Glasser">Glasser, Susan B.</a> (April 30, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trump-and-the-1917-pandemic-that-wasnt" rel="nofollow">"History According to Trump: The President and the 1917 Pandemic That Wasn't"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=History+According+to+Trump%3A+The+President+and+the+1917+Pandemic+That+Wasn%27t&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=Susan+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fletter-from-trumps-washington%2Ftrump-and-the-1917-pandemic-that-wasnt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Blair1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blair1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBlair2001"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (December 4, 2001). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmrwtRTQ3fMC&pg=PA120" rel="nofollow"><i>The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire</i></a>. New York City: <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. p. 120. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-1079-9"><bdi>978-0-7432-1079-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2001-12-04&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-1079-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmrwtRTQ3fMC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-dad-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dad_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBlair2015"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (August 24, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/the-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647" rel="nofollow">"The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=The+Man+Who+Made+Trump+Who+He+Is&rft.date=2015-08-24&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fmagazine%2Fstory%2F2015%2F08%2Fthe-man-who-made-trump-who-he-is-121647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNN_Swedish-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNN_Swedish_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHansler2017">Hansler, Jennifer (November 28, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/politics/trump-family-heritage/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's family denied German heritage for years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+family+denied+German+heritage+for+years&rft.date=2017-11-28&rft.aulast=Hansler&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F11%2F28%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-family-heritage%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMcGrane2016">McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps" rel="nofollow">"The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Ancestral+German+Home+of+the+Trumps&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.aulast=McGrane&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-desk%2Fthe-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pilon-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pilon_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPilon2016"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pilon" title="Mary Pilon">Pilon, Mary</a> (June 24, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/donald-trumps-immigrant-mother" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Immigrant Mother"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Immigrant+Mother&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Pilon&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fdonald-trumps-immigrant-mother&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMcGrane2016">McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps" rel="nofollow">"The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Ancestral+German+Home+of+the+Trumps&rft.date=2016-04-29&rft.aulast=McGrane&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-desk%2Fthe-ancestral-german-home-of-the-trumps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCollman2019">Collman, Ashley (April 11, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10" rel="nofollow">"Meet Donald Trump's siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Meet+Donald+Trump%27s+siblings%2C+the+oldest+of+whom+just+retired+as+a+federal+judge&rft.date=2019-04-11&rft.aulast=Collman&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fdonald-trump-sibling-bios-judge-sister-alcoholic-brother-retirees-2018-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015300_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlair2015">Blair 2015</a>, p. 300.</span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-smoke-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smoke_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHotakainen2016">Hotakainen, Rob (August 8, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/election/article94034152.html" rel="nofollow">"Clinton, Trump both say they've never smoked pot"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/McClatchy" title="McClatchy">McClatchy</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=McClatchy&rft.atitle=Clinton%2C+Trump+both+say+they%27ve+never+smoked+pot&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft.aulast=Hotakainen&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-government%2Felection%2Farticle94034152.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFParker2016"><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Parker" title="Ashley Parker">Parker, Ashley</a> (August 8, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-diet.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Diet: He'll Have Fries With That"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Diet%3A+He%27ll+Have+Fries+With+That&rft.date=2016-08-08&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F09%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-diet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDiamondLiptak2019"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond" title="Jeremy Diamond">Diamond, Jeremy</a>; Liptak, Kevin (February 7, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/trump-health/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Ahead of annual physical, Trump has not followed doctor's orders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <q>Nearly a dozen White House officials and sources close to Trump said they don't believe he's set foot in the fitness room in the White House residence, maintaining his view that exercise would be a waste of the energy he has always touted as one of his best attributes.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ahead+of+annual+physical%2C+Trump+has+not+followed+doctor%27s+orders&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Liptak%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F07%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-health%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMeredithBryer2017">Meredith, Sam; <a href="/wiki/Tania_Bryer" title="Tania Bryer">Bryer, Tania</a> (January 17, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/17/donald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump is the poster child of sleep deprivation: Arianna Huffington"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+the+poster+child+of+sleep+deprivation%3A+Arianna+Huffington&rft.date=2017-01-17&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Bryer%2C+Tania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2017%2F01%2F17%2Fdonald-trump-is-poster-child-of-sleep-deprivation-arianna-huffington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/07/14/donald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump says he gets most of his exercise from golf, then uses cart at Turnberry"</a>. <i>Golf News Net</i>. July 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Golf+News+Net&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+says+he+gets+most+of+his+exercise+from+golf%2C+then+uses+cart+at+Turnberry&rft.date=2018-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegolfnewsnet.com%2Fgolfnewsnetteam%2F2018%2F07%2F14%2Fdonald-trump-exercise-golf-cart-turnberry-110166%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/trump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy/2017/05/12/bb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump thinks that exercising too much uses up the body's finite energy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. May 12, 2017. <q>Trump mostly gave up athletics after college because he 'believed the human body was like a battery, with a finite amount of energy, which exercise only depleted'.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+thinks+that+exercising+too+much+uses+up+the+body%27s+finite+energy&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Fhealth-science%2Ftrump-thinks-that-exercising-too-much-uses-up-the-bodys-finite-energy%2F2017%2F05%2F12%2Fbb0b9bda-365d-11e7-b4ee-434b6d506b37_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHerreria2018">Herreria, Carla (May 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Doctor Says Trump Basically Wrote That Glowing Health Letter: Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 10,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Doctor+Says+Trump+Basically+Wrote+That+Glowing+Health+Letter%3A+Report&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Herreria&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fentry%2Fdr-harold-bornstein-trump-wrote-health-letter_us_5ae8f5f7e4b06748dc8d591f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMarquardtCrook2018">Marquardt, Alex; Crook, Lawrence III (May 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/harold-bornstein-trump-letter/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Bornstein claims Trump dictated the glowing health letter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Bornstein+claims+Trump+dictated+the+glowing+health+letter&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Marquardt&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Crook%2C+Lawrence+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fharold-bornstein-trump-letter%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Schechter-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schechter_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSchecter2018">Schecter, Anna (May 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351" rel="nofollow">"Trump doctor Harold Bornstein says bodyguard, lawyer 'raided' his office, took medical files"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+doctor+Harold+Bornstein+says+bodyguard%2C+lawyer+%27raided%27+his+office%2C+took+medical+files&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.aulast=Schecter&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump%2Ftrump-doc-says-trump-bodyguard-lawyer-raided-his-office-took-n870351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-time-20180117-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time-20180117_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDucharme2018">Ducharme, Jamie (January 17, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://time.com/5105096/donald-trump-physical-exam-transcript/" rel="nofollow">"The White House Doctor Called President Trump's Health 'Excellent'. Here's the Full Summary of His Physical Exam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+White+House+Doctor+Called+President+Trump%27s+Health+%27Excellent%27.+Here%27s+the+Full+Summary+of+His+Physical+Exam&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Ducharme&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5105096%2Fdonald-trump-physical-exam-transcript%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nyt-20180117-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-20180117_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFShearKolata2018"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gina_Kolata" title="Gina Kolata">Kolata, Gina</a> (January 17, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/us/politics/trump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Physical Revealed Serious Heart Concerns, Outside Experts Say"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Physical+Revealed+Serious+Heart+Concerns%2C+Outside+Experts+Say&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Kolata%2C+Gina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F01%2F17%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-physical-heart-health-cholesterol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-obese-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obese_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHowardLiptak2019">Howard, Jacqueline; Liptak, Kevin (February 14, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/14/health/trump-physical-results-2019-bn/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump in 'very good health overall' but obese, according to physical exam results"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+in+%27very+good+health+overall%27+but+obese%2C+according+to+physical+exam+results&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft.au=Liptak%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F14%2Fhealth%2Ftrump-physical-results-2019-bn%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGupta2018"><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gupta" title="Sanjay Gupta">Gupta, Sanjay</a> (February 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/01/17/health/trump-heart-disease-gupta/index.html" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has a common form of heart disease"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+a+common+form+of+heart+disease&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F01%2F17%2Fhealth%2Ftrump-heart-disease-gupta%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-summary-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-summary_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-summary_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRogersAltman2020">Rogers, Katie; Altman, Lawrence K. (June 3, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/us/politics/trump-physical-hydroxychloroquine.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump 'Remains Healthy' After Taking Hydroxychloroquine, His Doctor Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+%27Remains+Healthy%27+After+Taking+Hydroxychloroquine%2C+His+Doctor+Says&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Altman%2C+Lawrence+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F03%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-physical-hydroxychloroquine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-memo-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-memo_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFConley2020"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Conley" title="Sean Conley">Conley, Sean P.</a> (June 3, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://media.arkansasonline.com/news/documents/2020/06/03/Trump_Physical_Exam.pdf" rel="nofollow">"President Donald J. Trump's Periodic Physical Exam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Physician to the President<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Democrat-Gazette" title="Arkansas Democrat-Gazette">Arkansas Democrat-Gazette</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Donald+J.+Trump%27s+Periodic+Physical+Exam&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Conley&rft.aufirst=Sean+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.arkansasonline.com%2Fnews%2Fdocuments%2F2020%2F06%2F03%2FTrump_Physical_Exam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFElizabethRadcliffe1985">Elizabeth, Kastor; Radcliffe, Donnie (February 12, 1985). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/02/12/fahds-night-fanfare-fit-for-a-king/670e92d3-f181-48b9-9ffa-abe2a30ddedf/" rel="nofollow">"Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+lied+to+me+about+his+wealth+to+get+onto+the+Forbes+400.+Here+are+the+tapes.&rft.date=1985-02-12&rft.aulast=Elizabeth&rft.aufirst=Kastor&rft.au=Radcliffe%2C+Donnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1985%2F02%2F12%2Ffahds-night-fanfare-fit-for-a-king%2F670e92d3-f181-48b9-9ffa-abe2a30ddedf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-OBrien2005Oct-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OBrien2005Oct_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFO'Brien2005"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_L._O%27Brien" title="Timothy L. O'Brien">O'Brien, Timothy L.</a> (October 23, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/23/business/yourmoney/whats-he-really-worth.html" rel="nofollow">"What's He Really Worth?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+He+Really+Worth%3F&rft.date=2005-10-23&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Timothy+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F10%2F23%2Fbusiness%2Fyourmoney%2Fwhats-he-really-worth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BBI-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBI_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/donald-j-trump/" rel="nofollow">"Bloomberg Billionaires Index–Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Bloomberg+Billionaires+Index%E2%80%93Donald+Trump&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fbillionaires%2Fprofiles%2Fdonald-j-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WX-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WX_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418084832/https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/" rel="nofollow">"Donald John Trump–Wealth-X Dossier"</a>. <i>Wealth-X</i>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.wealthx.com/dossier/donald-john-trump/" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on April 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wealth-X&rft.atitle=Donald+John+Trump%E2%80%93Wealth-X+Dossier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wealthx.com%2Fdossier%2Fdonald-john-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWalsh2018">Walsh, John (October 3, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10" rel="nofollow">"Trump has fallen 138 spots on Forbes' wealthiest-Americans list, his net worth down over $1 billion, since he announced his presidential bid in 2015"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+has+fallen+138+spots+on+Forbes%27+wealthiest-Americans+list%2C+his+net+worth+down+over+%241+billion%2C+since+he+announced+his+presidential+bid+in+2015&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-forbes-wealthiest-people-in-the-us-list-2018-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGreenberg2018">Greenberg, Jonathan (April 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/trump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes/2018/04/20/ac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump lied to me about his wealth to get onto the Forbes 400. Here are the tapes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+lied+to+me+about+his+wealth+to+get+onto+the+Forbes+400.+Here+are+the+tapes.&rft.date=2018-04-20&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2Ftrump-lied-to-me-about-his-wealth-to-get-onto-the-forbes-400-here-are-the-tapes%2F2018%2F04%2F20%2Fac762b08-4287-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-econ_From-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econ_From_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white" rel="nofollow">"From the Tower to the White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. February 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Mr Trump's performance has been mediocre compared with the stockmarket and property in New York.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=From+the+Tower+to+the+White+House&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Funited-states%2F21693230-enigma-presidential-candidates-business-affairs-tower-white&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSwanson2016">Swanson, Ana (February 29, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/29/the-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire/" rel="nofollow">"The myth and the reality of Donald Trump's business empire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+myth+and+the+reality+of+Donald+Trump%27s+business+empire&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Ana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2016%2F02%2F29%2Fthe-myth-and-the-reality-of-donald-trumps-business-empire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBreuninger2018">Breuninger, Kevin (October 2, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/02/trump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump tumbles down the Forbes 400 as his net worth takes major hit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Trump+tumbles+down+the+Forbes+400+as+his+net+worth+takes+major+hit&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft.aulast=Breuninger&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F10%2F02%2Ftrump-forbes-400-spot-tumbles-as-net-worth-declines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Buettner-190508-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buettner-190508_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBuettnerCraig2019">Buettner, Russ; <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Craig, Susanne</a> (May 8, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/05/07/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html" rel="nofollow">"Decade in the Red: Trump Tax Figures Show Over $1 Billion in Business Losses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Decade+in+the+Red%3A+Trump+Tax+Figures+Show+Over+%241+Billion+in+Business+Losses&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft.aulast=Buettner&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft.au=Craig%2C+Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2019%2F05%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-taxes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Friedersdorf-190508-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Friedersdorf-190508_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFriedersdorf2019"><a href="/wiki/Conor_Friedersdorf" title="Conor Friedersdorf">Friedersdorf, Conor</a> (May 8, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/05/trump-taxes/588967/" rel="nofollow">"The Secret That Was Hiding in Trump's Taxes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Secret+That+Was+Hiding+in+Trump%27s+Taxes&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft.aulast=Friedersdorf&rft.aufirst=Conor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2019%2F05%2Ftrump-taxes%2F588967%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrumpSchwartz200946_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009">Trump & Schwartz 2009</a>, p. 46.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mahler-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mahler_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahler_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mahler_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMahlerEder2016">Mahler, Jonathan; Eder, Steve (August 27, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/28/us/politics/donald-trump-housing-race.html" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>No Vacancies' for Blacks: How Donald Trump Got His Start, and Was First Accused of Bias"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27No+Vacancies%27+for+Blacks%3A+How+Donald+Trump+Got+His+Start%2C+and+Was+First+Accused+of+Bias&rft.date=2016-08-27&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Eder%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F08%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-housing-race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlair2015b[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiduJifCgAAQBAJpgPA250_250]_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlair2015b">Blair 2015b</a>, p. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250" rel="nofollow">250</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRich2018"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Rich" title="Frank Rich">Rich, Frank</a> (April 29, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/04/frank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"The Original Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=The+Original+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2018-04-29&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fdaily%2Fintelligencer%2F2018%2F04%2Ffrank-rich-roy-cohn-the-original-donald-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kessler160303-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler160303_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKessler2016"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a> (March 3, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/03/03/trumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father" rel="nofollow">"Trump's false claim he built his empire with a 'small loan' from his father"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+false+claim+he+built+his+empire+with+a+%27small+loan%27+from+his+father&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2016%2F03%2F03%2Ftrumps-false-claim-he-built-his-empire-with-a-small-loan-from-his-father&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA84_84]_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA84" rel="nofollow">84</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200932–35_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten 2009</a>, pp. 32–35.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGeist1984"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Geist" title="Bill Geist">Geist, William</a> (April 8, 1984). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/magazine/the-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"The Expanding Empire of Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Expanding+Empire+of+Donald+Trump&rft.date=1984-04-08&rft.aulast=Geist&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F04%2F08%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-expanding-empire-of-donald-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TrumpTowerResidence1-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TrumpTowerResidence1_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBurns2016"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Burns_(journalist)" title="Alex Burns (journalist)">Burns, Alexander</a> (December 9, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/nyregion/donald-trump-new-york-protests.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Loves New York. But It Doesn't Love Him Back"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Loves+New+York.+But+It+Doesn%27t+Love+Him+Back.&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fdonald-trump-new-york-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-moved-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moved_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moved_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHaberman2019"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (October 31, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/31/us/politics/trump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump, Lifelong New Yorker, Declares Himself a Resident of Florida"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+Lifelong+New+Yorker%2C+Declares+Himself+a+Resident+of+Florida&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F10%2F31%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-new-york-florida-primary-residence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/12/business/company-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Plaza Hotel bankruptcy plan approved"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. December 12, 1992<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Plaza+Hotel+bankruptcy+plan+approved&rft.date=1992-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F12%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fcompany-news-trump-s-plaza-hotel-bankruptcy-plan-approved.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYT-19950412-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-19950412_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFStoutGilpin1995"><a href="/wiki/David_Stout" title="David Stout">Stout, David</a>; Gilpin, Kenneth (April 12, 1995). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/business/trump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Is Selling Plaza Hotel To Saudi and Asian Investors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Is+Selling+Plaza+Hotel+To+Saudi+and+Asian+Investors&rft.date=1995-04-12&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Gilpin%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F04%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Ftrump-is-selling-plaza-hotel-to-saudi-and-asian-investors.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSatow2019">Satow, Julie (May 23, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-05-23/that-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss" rel="nofollow">"That Time Trump Sold the Plaza Hotel at an $83 Million Loss"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=That+Time+Trump+Sold+the+Plaza+Hotel+at+an+%2483+Million+Loss&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft.aulast=Satow&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2F2019-05-23%2Fthat-time-trump-sold-the-plaza-hotel-at-an-83-million-loss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200981–82_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten 2009</a>, pp. 81–82.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBagli2005">Bagli, Charles V. (June 1, 2005). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/01/nyregion/trump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Group Selling West Side Parcel for $1.8 billion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Group+Selling+West+Side+Parcel+for+%241.8+billion&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.aulast=Bagli&rft.aufirst=Charles+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F06%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-group-selling-west-side-parcel-for-1.8-billion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CP-W-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CP-W_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPeterson-Withorn2018">Peterson-Withorn, Chase (April 23, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/chasewithorn/2018/04/23/donald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago/#2fbdf3da5adc" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Has Gained More Than $100 Million On Mar-a-Lago"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Has+Gained+More+Than+%24100+Million+On+Mar-a-Lago&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft.aulast=Peterson-Withorn&rft.aufirst=Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fchasewithorn%2F2018%2F04%2F23%2Fdonald-trump-has-gained-more-than-100-million-on-mar-a-lago%2F%232fbdf3da5adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-samD10-9-17-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-samD10-9-17_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFDangremond2017">Dangremond, Sam (October 9, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a9606/mar-a-lago-facts/" rel="nofollow">"Here's What We Know About the Membership of Mar-a-Lago"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Town_%26_Country_(magazine)" title="Town & Country (magazine)">Town & Country</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Town+%26+Country&rft.atitle=Here%27s+What+We+Know+About+the+Membership+of+Mar-a-Lago&rft.date=2017-10-09&rft.aulast=Dangremond&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.townandcountrymag.com%2Fsociety%2Fmoney-and-power%2Fa9606%2Fmar-a-lago-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200957–58_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten 2009</a>, pp. 57–58.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKranishFisher2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidx2jUDQAAQBAJpgPA128_128]_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKranishFisher2017">Kranish & Fisher 2017</a>, p. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x2jUDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA128" rel="nofollow">128</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWooten200959–60_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten 2009</a>, pp. 59–60.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGlynn1990">Glynn, Lenny (April 8, 1990). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/business/trump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Taj – Open at Last, With a Scary Appetite"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Taj+%E2%80%93+Open+at+Last%2C+With+a+Scary+Appetite&rft.date=1990-04-08&rft.aulast=Glynn&rft.aufirst=Lenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F04%2F08%2Fbusiness%2Ftrump-s-taj-open-at-last-with-a-scary-appetite.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-UPI9April-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UPI9April_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UPI9April_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/09/Trump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal/7261671169600/" rel="nofollow">"Trump reaches agreement with bondholders on Taj Mahal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>. April 9, 1991<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Trump+reaches+agreement+with+bondholders+on+Taj+Mahal&rft.date=1991-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F04%2F09%2FTrump-reaches-agreement-with-bondholders-on-Taj-Mahal%2F7261671169600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKlein2019">Klein, Betsy (December 31, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/12/31/politics/trump-golfing-vacation/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump spent 1 of every 5 days in 2019 at a golf club"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+spent+1+of+every+5+days+in+2019+at+a+golf+club&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F12%2F31%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-golfing-vacation%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYer_Branding-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYer_Branding_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="May_20,_2019">Cassidy, John (May 10, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/donald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Business Failures Were Very Real"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Business+Failures+Were+Very+Real&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Four-columnists%2Fdonald-trumps-business-failures-were-very-real&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Forbes-20170320-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Forbes-20170320_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWang2017">Wang, Jennifer (March 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/jenniferwang/2017/03/20/these-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money/" rel="nofollow">"From Manila to Hawaii, Meet The Licensing Partners Who Paid Trump The Most"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=From+Manila+to+Hawaii%2C+Meet+The+Licensing+Partners+Who+Paid+Trump+The+Most&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fjenniferwang%2F2017%2F03%2F20%2Fthese-foreign-businessmen-are-paying-donald-trump-the-most-money%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-overseas-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-overseas_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLee2016">Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (August 26, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/26/how-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list/" rel="nofollow">"How many Trump products were made overseas? Here's the complete list"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+many+Trump+products+were+made+overseas%3F+Here%27s+the+complete+list.&rft.date=2016-08-26&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2016%2F08%2F26%2Fhow-many-trump-products-were-made-overseas-heres-the-complete-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-neckties-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neckties_118-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neckties_118-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAnthonySandersFahrenthold2018">Anthony, Zane; Sanders, Kathryn; <a href="/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">Fahrenthold, David A.</a> (April 13, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/whatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire/2018/04/13/2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Whatever happened to Trump neckties? They're over. So is most of Trump's merchandising empire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Whatever+happened+to+Trump+neckties%3F+They%27re+over.+So+is+most+of+Trump%27s+merchandising+empire.&rft.date=2018-04-13&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Zane&rft.au=Sanders%2C+Kathryn&rft.au=Fahrenthold%2C+David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhatever-happened-to-trump-ties-theyre-over-so-is-most-of-trumps-merchandising-empire%2F2018%2F04%2F13%2F2c32378a-369c-11e8-acd5-35eac230e514_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWilliamsNarayanswamy2017">Williams, Aaron; Narayanswamy, Anu (January 25, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/world/trump-worldwide-licensing/" rel="nofollow">"How Trump has made millions by selling his name"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+Trump+has+made+millions+by+selling+his+name&rft.date=2017-01-25&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Narayanswamy%2C+Anu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2Fworld%2Ftrump-worldwide-licensing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHornaday2019">Hornaday, Ann (September 24, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/goingoutguide/movies/a-portrait-of-an-infamous-fixer--and-his-most-famous-pupil--in-wheres-my-roy-cohn/2019/09/24/73013ed0-dca5-11e9-bfb1-849887369476_story.html" rel="nofollow">"A portrait of an infamous fixer – and his most famous pupil – in 'Where's My Roy Cohn?<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+portrait+of+an+infamous+fixer+%E2%80%93+and+his+most+famous+pupil+%E2%80%93+in+%27Where%27s+My+Roy+Cohn%3F%27&rft.date=2019-09-24&rft.aulast=Hornaday&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgoingoutguide%2Fmovies%2Fa-portrait-of-an-infamous-fixer--and-his-most-famous-pupil--in-wheres-my-roy-cohn%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2F73013ed0-dca5-11e9-bfb1-849887369476_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mahler2-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mahler2_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMahlerFlegenheimer2016">Mahler, Jonathan; Flegenheimer, Matt (June 20, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/21/us/politics/donald-trump-roy-cohn.html" rel="nofollow">"What Donald Trump Learned From Joseph McCarthy's Right-Hand Man"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Donald+Trump+Learned+From+Joseph+McCarthy%27s+Right-Hand+Man&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Mahler&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Flegenheimer%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-roy-cohn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDunlap2015">Dunlap, David (July 30, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/times-insider/2015/07/30/1973-meet-donald-trump/" rel="nofollow">"1973"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=1973&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Ftimes-insider%2F2015%2F07%2F30%2F1973-meet-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBrenner2017">Brenner, Julie (June 28, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship" rel="nofollow">"How Donald Trump and Roy Cohn's Ruthless Symbiosis Changed America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanity+Fair&rft.atitle=How+Donald+Trump+and+Roy+Cohn%27s+Ruthless+Symbiosis+Changed+America&rft.date=2017-06-28&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F06%2Fdonald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/pages/interactives/trump-lawsuits/" rel="nofollow">"Dive into Donald Trump's thousands of lawsuits"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Dive+into+Donald+Trump%27s+thousands+of+lawsuits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fpages%2Finteractives%2Ftrump-lawsuits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-USATodayAnalysis-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USATodayAnalysis_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPenzenstadlerPage2016">Penzenstadler, Nick; <a href="/wiki/Susan_Page" title="Susan Page">Page, Susan</a> (June 2, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/06/01/donald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles/84995854/" rel="nofollow">"Exclusive: Trump's 3,500 lawsuits unprecedented for a presidential nominee"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2016</span>. <q>About 100 additional disputes centered on other issues at the casinos. Trump and his enterprises have been named in almost 700 personal-injury claims and about 165 court disputes with government agencies ... Due to his branding value, Trump is determined to defend his name and reputation.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Trump%27s+3%2C500+lawsuits+unprecedented+for+a+presidential+nominee&rft.date=2016-06-02&rft.aulast=Penzenstadler&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Page%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Felections%2F2016%2F06%2F01%2Fdonald-trump-lawsuits-legal-battles%2F84995854%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSmith2017">Smith, Allan (December 8, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12" rel="nofollow">"Trump's long and winding history with Deutsche Bank could now be at the center of Robert Mueller's investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+long+and+winding+history+with+Deutsche+Bank+could+now+be+at+the+center+of+Robert+Mueller%27s+investigation&rft.date=2017-12-08&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-deutsche-bank-mueller-2017-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-48102647" rel="nofollow">"Trump sues Deutsche Bank and Capital One over Democrat subpoenas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. April 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+sues+Deutsche+Bank+and+Capital+One+over+Democrat+subpoenas&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-48102647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFahrentholdBadeWagner2019"><a href="/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">Fahrenthold, David</a>; Bade, Rachael; Wagner, John (April 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records/2019/04/22/a98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump sues in bid to block congressional subpoena of financial records"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+sues+in+bid+to+block+congressional+subpoena+of+financial+records&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.aulast=Fahrenthold&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Bade%2C+Rachael&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-sues-in-bid-to-block-congressional-subpoena-of-financial-records%2F2019%2F04%2F22%2Fa98de3d0-6500-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSavage2019"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Savage" title="Charlie Savage">Savage, Charlie</a> (May 20, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/us/politics/trump-financial-records.html" rel="nofollow">"Accountants Must Turn Over Trump's Financial Records, Lower-Court Judge Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Accountants+Must+Turn+Over+Trump%27s+Financial+Records%2C+Lower-Court+Judge+Rules&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-financial-records.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMerleKranishSonmez2019">Merle, Renae; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a>; Sonmez, Felicia (May 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/judge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records/2019/05/22/28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Judge rejects Trump's request to halt congressional subpoenas for his banking records"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Judge+rejects+Trump%27s+request+to+halt+congressional+subpoenas+for+his+banking+records&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Merle&rft.aufirst=Renae&rft.au=Kranish%2C+Michael&rft.au=Sonmez%2C+Felicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fjudge-rejects-trumps-request-to-halt-congressional-subpoenas-for-his-banking-records%2F2019%2F05%2F22%2F28f9b93a-7ccd-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFlitter2019">Flitter, Emily (May 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/business/deutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html" rel="nofollow">"Deutsche Bank Can Release Trump Records to Congress, Judge Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Deutsche+Bank+Can+Release+Trump+Records+to+Congress%2C+Judge+Rules&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Flitter&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Fdeutsche-bank-trump-subpoena.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHutzler2019">Hutzler, Alexandra (May 21, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/trump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543" rel="nofollow">"Trump's appeal to keep finances away from Democrats goes to court headed by Merrick Garland"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+appeal+to+keep+finances+away+from+Democrats+goes+to+court+headed+by+Merrick+Garland&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.aulast=Hutzler&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ftrump-subpoena-appeal-merrick-garland-court-1431543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFVogel2019">Vogel, Mikhaila (June 10, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.lawfareblog.com/trump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal" rel="nofollow">"Trump Legal Team Files Brief in Mazars Appeal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lawfare_(blog)" title="Lawfare (blog)">Lawfare</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawfare&rft.atitle=Trump+Legal+Team+Files+Brief+in+Mazars+Appeal&rft.date=2019-06-10&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Mikhaila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawfareblog.com%2Ftrump-legal-team-files-brief-mazars-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMerle2019">Merle, Renae (May 28, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/29/house-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals/" rel="nofollow">"House subpoenas for Trump's bank records put on hold while President appeals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=House+subpoenas+for+Trump%27s+bank+records+put+on+hold+while+President+appeals&rft.date=2019-05-28&rft.aulast=Merle&rft.aufirst=Renae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2F05%2F29%2Fhouse-subpoenas-trumps-bank-records-put-hold-while-president-appeals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJanson1987">Janson, Donald (February 23, 1987). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/23/nyregion/trump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Ends His Struggle to Gain Control of Bally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Ends+His+Struggle+to+Gain+Control+of+Bally&rft.date=1987-02-23&rft.aulast=Janson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F02%2F23%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-ends-his-struggle-to-gain-control-of-bally.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-pageantsaleWME-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pageantsaleWME_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. September 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Sells+Miss+Universe+Organization+to+WME-IMG+Talent+Agency&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F09%2F15%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Ftrump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump just sold off the entire Miss Universe Organization"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i>. September 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+just+sold+off+the+entire+Miss+Universe+Organization&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fdonald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDe_Moraes2002"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_de_Moraes" title="Lisa de Moraes">De Moraes, Lisa</a> (June 22, 2002). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2002/06/22/there-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc/2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19/" rel="nofollow">"There She Goes: Pageants Move to NBC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=There+She+Goes%3A+Pageants+Move+to+NBC&rft.date=2002-06-22&rft.aulast=De+Moraes&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F2002%2F06%2F22%2Fthere-she-goes-pageants-move-to-nbc%2F2ba81b9a-bf67-4f3e-b8d6-1c2cc881ed19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Goldmacher-181218-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldmacher-181218_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGoldmacher2018">Goldmacher, Shane (December 18, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/nyregion/ny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Foundation Will Dissolve, Accused of 'Shocking Pattern of Illegality<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Foundation+Will+Dissolve%2C+Accused+of+%27Shocking+Pattern+of+Illegality%27&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft.aulast=Goldmacher&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F18%2Fnyregion%2Fny-ag-underwood-trump-foundation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Katersky-191107-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Katersky-191107_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKatersky2019">Katersky, Aaron (November 7, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/trump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part/story?id=66827235" rel="nofollow">"President Donald Trump ordered to pay $2M to collection of nonprofits as part of civil lawsuit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=President+Donald+Trump+ordered+to+pay+%242M+to+collection+of+nonprofits+as+part+of+civil+lawsuit&rft.date=2019-11-07&rft.aulast=Katersky&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Ftrump-foundation-ordered-pay-2m-collection-nonprofits-part%2Fstory%3Fid%3D66827235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50338231" rel="nofollow">"Judge orders Trump to pay $2m for misusing Trump Foundation funds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. November 8, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Judge+orders+Trump+to+pay+%242m+for+misusing+Trump+Foundation+funds&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-50338231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NPR012018-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR012018_179-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR012018_179-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGeewax2018">Geewax, Marilyn (January 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/01/20/576871315/trump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses" rel="nofollow">"Trump Has Revealed Assumptions About Handling Presidential Wealth, Businesses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Has+Revealed+Assumptions+About+Handling+Presidential+Wealth%2C+Businesses&rft.date=2018-01-20&rft.aulast=Geewax&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F01%2F20%2F576871315%2Ftrump-has-revealed-assumptions-about-handling-presidential-wealth-businesses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BBC041817-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC041817_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC041817_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069298" rel="nofollow">"A list of Trump's potential conflicts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. April 18, 2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=A+list+of+Trump%27s+potential+conflicts&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-38069298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Venook-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Venook_181-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Venook_181-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Venook_181-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFVenook2017">Venook, Jeremy (August 9, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2017/08/donald-trump-conflicts-of-interests/508382/" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Interests vs. America's, Dubai Edition"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Interests+vs.+America%27s%2C+Dubai+Edition&rft.date=2017-08-09&rft.aulast=Venook&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2017%2F08%2Fdonald-trump-conflicts-of-interests%2F508382%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFStone2019">Stone, Peter (July 19, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/donald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest" rel="nofollow">"How Trump's businesses are booming with lobbyists, donors and governments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Trump%27s+businesses+are+booming+with+lobbyists%2C+donors+and+governments&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fjul%2F19%2Fdonald-trump-businesses-hotels-conflict-of-interest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSubramanianCollinsJackson2019">Subramanian, Courtney; Collins, Michael; Jackson, David (October 21, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/21/donald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony/4055162002/" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Phony'. Donald Trump mocks 'emoluments' clause of U.S. Constitution that bans foreign gifts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=%27Phony%27.+Donald+Trump+mocks+%27emoluments%27+clause+of+U.S.+Constitution+that+bans+foreign+gifts&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft.aulast=Subramanian&rft.aufirst=Courtney&rft.au=Collins%2C+Michael&rft.au=Jackson%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F10%2F21%2Fdonald-trump-mocks-constitution-emoluments-clause-phony%2F4055162002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-khashoggi-trump/trump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y" rel="nofollow">"Trump stands by Saudi prince despite journalist Khashoggi's murder"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. November 20, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+stands+by+Saudi+prince+despite+journalist+Khashoggi%27s+murder&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-saudi-khashoggi-trump%2Ftrump-stands-by-saudi-prince-despite-journalist-khashoggis-murder-idUSKCN1NP26Y&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/07/19/republicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump closes the deal, becomes Republican nominee for president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i>. July 19, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Trump+closes+the+deal%2C+becomes+Republican+nominee+for+president&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016%2F07%2F19%2Frepublicans-start-process-to-nominate-trump-for-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37706499" rel="nofollow">"US presidential debate: Trump won't commit to accept election result"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. October 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=US+presidential+debate%3A+Trump+won%27t+commit+to+accept+election+result&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Felection-us-2016-37706499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-20/how-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate/7950418" rel="nofollow">"How US media reacted to the third presidential debate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. October 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=How+US+media+reacted+to+the+third+presidential+debate&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2016-10-20%2Fhow-the-us-media-viewed-the-third-presidential-debate%2F7950418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-37982000" rel="nofollow">"Trump's promises before and after election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. September 19, 2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+promises+before+and+after+election&rft.date=2017-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-37982000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJohnson2017">Johnson, Jenna (April 12, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/04/12/trump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete/" rel="nofollow">"Trump on NATO: 'I said it was obsolete. It's no longer obsolete.<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+on+NATO%3A+%27I+said+it+was+obsolete.+It%27s+no+longer+obsolete.%27&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2017%2F04%2F12%2Ftrump-on-nato-i-said-it-was-obsolete-its-no-longer-obsolete%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFEdwards2018">Edwards, Jason A. (2018). "Make America Great Again: Donald Trump and Redefining the U.S. Role in the World". <i><a href="/wiki/Communication_Quarterly" title="Communication Quarterly">Communication Quarterly</a></i>. <b>66</b> (2): 176. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01463373.2018.1438485" rel="nofollow">10.1080/01463373.2018.1438485</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0146-3373" rel="nofollow">0146-3373</a>. <q>On the campaign trail, Trump repeatedly called North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 'obsolete'.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Make+America+Great+Again%3A+Donald+Trump+and+Redefining+the+U.S.+Role+in+the+World&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=176&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01463373.2018.1438485&rft.issn=0146-3373&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Jason+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:2-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_242-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFMuller2016">Muller, Jan-Werner (2016). <i>What Is Populism?</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. p. 101. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9378-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-9378-4"><bdi>978-0-8122-9378-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Populism%3F&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-9378-4&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Jan-Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKazin2016"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kazin" title="Michael Kazin">Kazin, Michael</a> (March 22, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/how-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html" rel="nofollow">"How Can Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders Both Be 'Populist'?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+Can+Donald+Trump+and+Bernie+Sanders+Both+Be+%27Populist%27%3F&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.aulast=Kazin&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F03%2F27%2Fmagazine%2Fhow-can-donald-trump-and-bernie-sanders-both-be-populist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBecker2016">Becker, Bernie (February 13, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/02/donald-trump-working-class-voters-219231" rel="nofollow">"Trump's 6 populist positions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+6+populist+positions&rft.date=2016-02-13&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Bernie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F02%2Fdonald-trump-working-class-voters-219231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Donaldjtrump.com-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Donaldjtrump.com_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160104052211/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform" rel="nofollow">"Tax Reform"</a>. <i>Donald J. Trump for president website</i>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/tax-reform" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on January 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donald+J.+Trump+for+president+website&rft.atitle=Tax+Reform&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldjtrump.com%2Fpositions%2Ftax-reform&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSharman2016">Sharman, Jon (December 21, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html" rel="nofollow">"Democrats can finally agree with Donald Trump on something"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Democrats+can+finally+agree+with+Donald+Trump+on+something&rft.date=2016-12-21&rft.aulast=Sharman&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-democrats-support-infrastructure-overhaul-pledge-1-trillion-rebuild-president-elect-a7488396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-davida.fahrenthold-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-davida.fahrenthold_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFahrenthold2015"><a href="/wiki/David_Fahrenthold" title="David Fahrenthold">Fahrenthold, David A.</a> (August 17, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/17/20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june/" rel="nofollow">"20 times Donald Trump has changed his mind since June"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=20+times+Donald+Trump+has+changed+his+mind+since+June&rft.date=2015-08-17&rft.aulast=Fahrenthold&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2015%2F08%2F17%2F20-times-donald-trump-has-changed-his-mind-since-june%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-thehillFLIP-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehillFLIP_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHensch2015">Hensch, Mark (July 12, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Meet the Press' tracks Trump's flip-flops"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=%27Meet+the+Press%27+tracks+Trump%27s+flip-flops&rft.date=2015-07-12&rft.aulast=Hensch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fballot-box%2Fpresidential-races%2F247643-meet-the-press-tracks-trumps-flip-flops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-real_Donald-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-real_Donald_249-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNoah2015"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Noah" title="Timothy Noah">Noah, Timothy</a> (July 26, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/will-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607" rel="nofollow">"Will the real Donald Trump please stand up?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Will+the+real+Donald+Trump+please+stand+up%3F&rft.date=2015-07-26&rft.aulast=Noah&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2015%2F07%2Fwill-the-real-donald-trump-please-stand-up-120607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-nbcnews.com-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nbcnews.com_250-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTimm">Timm, Jane C. <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/full-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801" rel="nofollow">"A Full List of Donald Trump's Rapidly Changing Policy Positions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=A+Full+List+of+Donald+Trump%27s+Rapidly+Changing+Policy+Positions&rft.aulast=Timm&rft.aufirst=Jane+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Ffull-list-donald-trump-s-rapidly-changing-policy-positions-n547801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Walsh-160724-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh-160724_251-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWalsh2016"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Walsh" title="Kenneth T. Walsh">Walsh, Kenneth T.</a> (August 15, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-08-15/trump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt" rel="nofollow">"Trump: Media Is 'Dishonest and Corrupt<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <q>'If the disgusting and corrupt media covered me honestly and didn't put false meaning into the words I say, I would be beating Hillary by twenty percent,' Trump also tweeted Sunday.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Media+Is+%27Dishonest+and+Corrupt%27&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-08-15%2Ftrump-media-is-dishonest-and-corrupt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKoppel2016"><a href="/wiki/Ted_Koppel" title="Ted Koppel">Koppel, Ted</a> (July 24, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person/" rel="nofollow">"Trump: "I feel I'm an honest person<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. <q>Well, I think that I'm an honest person<span class="nowrap"> </span>... I feel I'm an honest person. And I don't mind being criticized at all by the media, but I do wanna – you know, I do want them to be straight about it.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+%22I+feel+I%27m+an+honest+person%22&rft.date=2016-07-24&rft.aulast=Koppel&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-i-feel-im-an-honest-person%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Blake-150706-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Blake-150706_253-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBlake2015">Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/06/donald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump is waging war on political correctness. And he's losing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+waging+war+on+political+correctness.+And+he%27s+losing.&rft.date=2015-07-06&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F07%2F06%2Fdonald-trumps-failing-war-on-political-correctness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cillizza-160614-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cillizza-160614_254-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCillizza2016"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (June 14, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/14/this-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise/" rel="nofollow">"This Harvard study is a powerful indictment of the media's role in Donald Trump's rise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+Harvard+study+is+a+powerful+indictment+of+the+media%27s+role+in+Donald+Trump%27s+rise&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2Fthis-harvard-study-is-a-powerful-indictment-of-the-medias-role-in-donald-trumps-rise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-whoppers-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whoppers_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/" rel="nofollow">"The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></i>. December 21, 2015.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=The+%27King+of+Whoppers%27%3A+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-year-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-year_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHolanQiu2015"><a href="/wiki/Angie_Drobnic_Holan" title="Angie Drobnic Holan">Holan, Angie Drobnic</a>; Qiu, Linda (December 21, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2015/dec/21/2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements/" rel="nofollow">"2015 Lie of the Year: the campaign misstatements of Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=2015+Lie+of+the+Year%3A+the+campaign+misstatements+of+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft.aulast=Holan&rft.aufirst=Angie+Drobnic&rft.au=Qiu%2C+Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ftruth-o-meter%2Farticle%2F2015%2Fdec%2F21%2F2015-lie-year-donald-trump-campaign-misstatements%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wapo-false-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-false_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFarhi2016">Farhi, Paul (February 26, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump/2016/02/25/e994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Think Trump's wrong? Fact checkers can tell you how often. (Hint: A lot.)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Think+Trump%27s+wrong%3F+Fact+checkers+can+tell+you+how+often.+%28Hint%3A+A+lot.%29&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft.aulast=Farhi&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fthe-existential-crisis-of-professional-factcheckers-in-the-year-of-trump%2F2016%2F02%2F25%2Fe994f210-db3e-11e5-81ae-7491b9b9e7df_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFStelter2016"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stelter" title="Brian Stelter">Stelter, Brian</a> (September 26, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2016/09/25/media/newspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies/index.html" rel="nofollow">"The weekend America's newspapers called Donald Trump a liar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+weekend+America%27s+newspapers+called+Donald+Trump+a+liar&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Stelter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2016%2F09%2F25%2Fmedia%2Fnewspapers-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-lies%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFChan2016">Chan, Melissa (February 28, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://time.com/4240268/donald-trump-kkk-david-duke/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Refuses to Condemn KKK, Disavow David Duke Endorsement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Refuses+to+Condemn+KKK%2C+Disavow+David+Duke+Endorsement&rft.date=2016-02-28&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4240268%2Fdonald-trump-kkk-david-duke%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWeigel2016"><a href="/wiki/David_Weigel" title="David Weigel">Weigel, David</a> (August 20, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/racial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy/2016/08/20/cd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Racialists' are cheered by Trump's latest strategy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27Racialists%27+are+cheered+by+Trump%27s+latest+strategy&rft.date=2016-08-20&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fracial-realists-are-cheered-by-trumps-latest-strategy%2F2016%2F08%2F20%2Fcd71e858-6636-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNNexplained-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNexplained_275-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKrieg2016">Krieg, Gregory (August 25, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/25/politics/alt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump/" rel="nofollow">"Clinton is attacking the 'Alt-Right' – What is it?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Clinton+is+attacking+the+%27Alt-Right%27+%E2%80%93+What+is+it%3F&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F08%2F25%2Fpolitics%2Falt-right-explained-hillary-clinton-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ft-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ft_276-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSevastopulo">Sevastopulo, Demetri. <a class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Alt-right' movement makes mark on US presidential election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=%27Alt-right%27+movement+makes+mark+on+US+presidential+election&rft.aulast=Sevastopulo&rft.aufirst=Demetri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fe148d930-6cdb-11e6-9ac1-1055824ca907.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFHawley2017">Hawley, George (2017). <i>Making Sense of the Alt-Right</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54600-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-54600-3"><bdi>978-0-231-54600-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-231-54600-3&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWilson2016">Wilson, Jason (November 15, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/nov/15/breitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration" rel="nofollow">"Clickbait scoops and an engaged alt-right: everything to know about Breitbart News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Clickbait+scoops+and+an+engaged+alt-right%3A+everything+to+know+about+Breitbart+News&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2016%2Fnov%2F15%2Fbreitbart-news-alt-right-stephen-bannon-trump-administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BBC.Disavows-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC.Disavows_279-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-38069469" rel="nofollow">"Trump disavows 'alt-right' supporters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. November 23, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Trump+disavows+%27alt-right%27+supporters&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-38069469&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/23/us/politics/trump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's New York Times Interview: Full Transcript"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. November 23, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+New+York+Times+Interview%3A+Full+Transcript&rft.date=2016-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F11%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-new-york-times-interview-transcript.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723053945/https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Executive Branch Personnel Public Financial Disclosure Report (U.S. OGE Form 278e)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/U.S._Office_of_Government_Ethics" title="U.S. Office of Government Ethics">U.S. Office of Government Ethics</a>. July 15, 2015. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://images.businessweek.com/cms/2015-07-22/7-22-15-Report.pdf" rel="nofollow">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 23, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Bloomberg Businessweek</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Executive+Branch+Personnel+Public+Financial+Disclosure+Report+%28U.S.+OGE+Form+278e%29&rft.pub=U.S.+Office+of+Government+Ethics&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimages.businessweek.com%2Fcms%2F2015-07-22%2F7-22-15-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Rappeport-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rappeport_282-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRappeport2016"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rappeport" title="Alan Rappeport">Rappeport, Alan</a> (May 11, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/05/11/donald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Breaks With Recent History by Not Releasing Tax Returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Breaks+With+Recent+History+by+Not+Releasing+Tax+Returns&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.aulast=Rappeport&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffirst-draft%2F2016%2F05%2F11%2Fdonald-trump-breaks-with-recent-history-by-not-releasing-tax-returns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFQiu">Qiu, Linda. <a class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/oct/05/mike-pence/pences-false-claim-trump-hasnt-broken-tax-return-p/" rel="nofollow">"Pence's False claim that Trump 'hasn't broken' tax return promise"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Pence%27s+False+claim+that+Trump+%27hasn%27t+broken%27+tax+return+promise&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ftruth-o-meter%2Fstatements%2F2016%2Foct%2F05%2Fmike-pence%2Fpences-false-claim-trump-hasnt-broken-tax-return-p%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CNNtax26Feb-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNNtax26Feb_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFIsidoreSahadi2016">Isidore, Chris; Sahadi, Jeanne (February 26, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2016/02/26/pf/taxes/trump-tax-returns-audit/" rel="nofollow">"Trump says he can't release tax returns because of audits"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+says+he+can%27t+release+tax+returns+because+of+audits&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft.aulast=Isidore&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Sahadi%2C+Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2016%2F02%2F26%2Fpf%2Ftaxes%2Ftrump-tax-returns-audit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKopan2016"><a href="/wiki/Tal_Kopan" title="Tal Kopan">Kopan, Tal</a> (May 13, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/13/politics/donald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business/" rel="nofollow">"Trump on his tax rate: 'None of your business<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+on+his+tax+rate%3A+%27None+of+your+business%27&rft.date=2016-05-13&rft.aulast=Kopan&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F05%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-tax-rate-none-of-your-business%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nyt-20161010-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-20161010_286-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEderTwohey2016">Eder, Steve; <a href="/wiki/Megan_Twohey" title="Megan Twohey">Twohey, Megan</a> (October 10, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Acknowledges Not Paying Federal Income Taxes for Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Acknowledges+Not+Paying+Federal+Income+Taxes+for+Years&rft.date=2016-10-10&rft.aulast=Eder&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Twohey%2C+Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-taxes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nyt-taxes-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-taxes_287-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBakerDruckerCraigBarstow2017"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)" title="Peter Baker (journalist)">Baker, Peter</a>; Drucker, Jesse; <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Craig" title="Susanne Craig">Craig, Susanne</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Barstow" title="David Barstow">Barstow, David</a> (March 15, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/14/us/politics/donald-trump-taxes.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Wrote Off $100 Million in Business Losses in 2005"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Wrote+Off+%24100+Million+in+Business+Losses+in+2005&rft.date=2017-03-15&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Drucker%2C+Jesse&rft.au=Craig%2C+Susanne&rft.au=Barstow%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F14%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-taxes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-hill-taxes-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hill-taxes_288-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJagoda">Jagoda, Naomi. <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005" rel="nofollow">"WH releases Trump tax info ahead of MSNBC report: He paid $38M in federal taxes in '05"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=WH+releases+Trump+tax+info+ahead+of+MSNBC+report%3A+He+paid+%2438M+in+federal+taxes+in+%2705&rft.aulast=Jagoda&rft.aufirst=Naomi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F324016-wh-releases-trump-tax-info-ahead-of-msnbc-report-made-150m-in-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGordon2019">Gordon, Marcy (April 4, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2" rel="nofollow">"House chairman asks IRS for 6 years of Trump's tax returns"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=House+chairman+asks+IRS+for+6+years+of+Trump%27s+tax+returns&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Marcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F79e6935010f94b399bb5e967ad6c1ec2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSteinPaletta2019">Stein, Jeff; <a href="/wiki/Damian_Paletta" title="Damian Paletta">Paletta, Damian</a> (April 10, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/treasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns/2019/04/10/14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Treasury says it will miss Democrats' deadline for turning over Trump tax returns, casts skepticism over request"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Treasury+says+it+will+miss+Democrats%27+deadline+for+turning+over+Trump+tax+returns%2C+casts+skepticism+over+request&rft.date=2019-04-10&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Paletta%2C+Damian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Ftreasury-says-it-will-miss-democrats-deadline-for-turning-over-trump-tax-returns%2F2019%2F04%2F10%2F14319f9c-5bce-11e9-842d-7d3ed7eb3957_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLorenzo2019">Lorenzo, Aaron (April 23, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/23/donald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760" rel="nofollow">"IRS blows deadline to hand over Trump tax returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=IRS+blows+deadline+to+hand+over+Trump+tax+returns&rft.date=2019-04-23&rft.aulast=Lorenzo&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F04%2F23%2Fdonald-trump-tax-returns-deadline-1288760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRappeport2019"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rappeport" title="Alan Rappeport">Rappeport, Alan</a> (May 6, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html" rel="nofollow">"Steven Mnuchin Refuses to Release Trump's Tax Documents to Congress"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Steven+Mnuchin+Refuses+to+Release+Trump%27s+Tax+Documents+to+Congress&rft.date=2019-05-06&rft.aulast=Rappeport&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-tax-returns-mnuchin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFandos2019"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fandos" title="Nicholas Fandos">Fandos, Nicholas</a> (May 10, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/democrats-trump-tax-returns.html" rel="nofollow">"House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Records"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Ways+and+Means+Chairman+Subpoenas+Trump+Tax+Records&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft.aulast=Fandos&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F05%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdemocrats-trump-tax-returns.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRubin2019">Rubin, Richard (May 17, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/mnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367" rel="nofollow">"Mnuchin Defies Subpoena for President Trump's Tax Returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Mnuchin+Defies+Subpoena+for+President+Trump%27s+Tax+Returns&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fmnuchin-defies-subpoena-for-president-trumps-tax-returns-11558123367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSteinDawsey2019">Stein, Jeff; <a href="/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a> (May 21, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/confidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege/2019/05/21/8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Confidential draft IRS memo says tax returns must be given to Congress unless president invokes executive privilege"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Confidential+draft+IRS+memo+says+tax+returns+must+be+given+to+Congress+unless+president+invokes+executive+privilege&rft.date=2019-05-21&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fconfidential-draft-irs-memo-says-tax-returns-must-be-given-to-congress-unless-president-invokes-executive-privilege%2F2019%2F05%2F21%2F8ed41834-7b1c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEckert2019">Eckert, Toby (May 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/22/steven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270" rel="nofollow">"Mnuchin dismisses IRS memo saying Congress must be given Trump's tax returns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Mnuchin+dismisses+IRS+memo+saying+Congress+must+be+given+Trump%27s+tax+returns&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Eckert&rft.aufirst=Toby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F05%2F22%2Fsteven-mnuchin-irs-trump-tax-returns-1339270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSchmidtAndrews2016">Schmidt, Kiersten; Andrews, Wilson (December 19, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/19/us/elections/electoral-college-results.html" rel="nofollow">"A Historic Number of Electors Defected, and Most Were Supposed to Vote for Clinton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Historic+Number+of+Electors+Defected%2C+and+Most+Were+Supposed+to+Vote+for+Clinton&rft.date=2016-12-19&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Kiersten&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2016%2F12%2F19%2Fus%2Felections%2Felectoral-college-results.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFDesilver2017">Desilver, Drew (December 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/20/why-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones/" rel="nofollow">"Trump's victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+victory+another+example+of+how+Electoral+College+wins+are+bigger+than+popular+vote+ones&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft.aulast=Desilver&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fwhy-electoral-college-landslides-are-easier-to-win-than-popular-vote-ones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFThomas2015">Thomas, G. Scott (2015). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XvxPCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA125" rel="nofollow"><i>Counting the Votes: A New Way to Analyze America's Presidential Elections</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 125. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3883-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-3883-5"><bdi>978-1-4408-3883-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Counting+the+Votes%3A+A+New+Way+to+Analyze+America%27s+Presidential+Elections&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-3883-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=G.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXvxPCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCheney2016"><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Cheney_(journalist)" title="Kyle Cheney (journalist)">Cheney, Kyle</a> (December 14, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/donald-trump-electoral-college-232665" rel="nofollow">"Trump lawyer cites 1876 crisis to rebuke Electoral College suit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+lawyer+cites+1876+crisis+to+rebuke+Electoral+College+suit&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Cheney&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F12%2Fdonald-trump-electoral-college-232665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></i>. December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Election+Commission&rft.atitle=Official+2016+Presidential+General+Election+Results&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftransition.fec.gov%2Fpubrec%2Ffe2016%2Ffederalelections2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTani2016">Tani, Maxwell (November 9, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/election-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070" rel="nofollow">"Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+pulls+off+biggest+upset+in+U.S.+history&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.aulast=Tani&rft.aufirst=Maxwell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F11%2Felection-results-2016-clinton-trump-231070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCohn2016">Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/10/upshot/why-trump-won-working-class-whites.html" rel="nofollow">"Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Trump+Won%3A+Working-Class+Whites&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.aulast=Cohn&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F11%2F10%2Fupshot%2Fwhy-trump-won-working-class-whites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSilver2017"><a href="/wiki/Nate_Silver" title="Nate Silver">Silver, Nate</a> (January 17, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/can-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump/" rel="nofollow">"Can You Trust Trump's Approval Rating Polls?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Can+You+Trust+Trump%27s+Approval+Rating+Polls%3F&rft.date=2017-01-17&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcan-you-trust-polling-in-the-age-of-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMartin2017">Martin, Emmie (January 23, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump is officially the richest US president in history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+is+officially+the+richest+US+president+in+history&rft.date=2017-01-23&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Emmie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fdonald-trump-richest-us-president-in-history-2017-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKurtzlebel2016">Kurtzlebel, Danielle (June 14, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/06/14/481991965/its-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office" rel="nofollow">"It's Trump's Birthday. If He Wins, He'd Be The Oldest President Ever To Take Office"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=It%27s+Trump%27s+Birthday.+If+He+Wins%2C+He%27d+Be+The+Oldest+President+Ever+To+Take+Office&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Kurtzlebel&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F06%2F14%2F481991965%2Fits-trumps-birthday-if-he-wins-hed-be-the-oldest-president-ever-to-take-office&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWeber2016">Weber, Peter (November 9, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/speedreads/660840/donald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump will be the first U.S. president with no government or military experience"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+will+be+the+first+U.S.+president+with+no+government+or+military+experience&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fspeedreads%2F660840%2Fdonald-trump-first-president-no-government-military-experience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-voxexp-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-voxexp_310-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-voxexp_310-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCrockett2016">Crockett, Zachary (November 11, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2016/11/11/13587532/donald-trump-no-experience" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump will be the only US president ever with no political or military experience"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+will+be+the+only+US+president+ever+with+no+political+or+military+experience&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft.aulast=Crockett&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fpolicy-and-politics%2F2016%2F11%2F11%2F13587532%2Fdonald-trump-no-experience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170207004548/http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/" rel="nofollow">"Will Trump Be The 44th Or 45th President? Yes And Yes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. November 10, 2016. Archived from <a class="external text" href="http://ethics.npr.org/memos-from-memmott/will-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes/" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on February 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Will+Trump+Be+The+44th+Or+45th+President%3F+Yes+And+Yes&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethics.npr.org%2Fmemos-from-memmott%2Fwill-trump-be-the-44th-or-45th-president-yes-and-yes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMoyerStarrsLarimer2016">Moyer, Justin Wm.; Starrs, Jenny; Larimer, Sarah (March 11, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/03/10/trump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show/" rel="nofollow">"Trump supporter charged after sucker-punching protester at North Carolina rally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+supporter+charged+after+sucker-punching+protester+at+North+Carolina+rally&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft.aulast=Moyer&rft.aufirst=Justin+Wm.&rft.au=Starrs%2C+Jenny&rft.au=Larimer%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2Ftrump-protester-sucker-punched-at-north-carolina-rally-videos-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSullivanMiller2016">Sullivan, Sean; Miller, Michael E. (June 3, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/03/ugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally/" rel="nofollow">"Ugly, bloody scenes in San Jose as protesters attack Trump supporters outside rally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ugly%2C+bloody+scenes+in+San+Jose+as+protesters+attack+Trump+supporters+outside+rally&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Miller%2C+Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F06%2F03%2Fugly-bloody-scenes-in-san-jose-as-protesters-attack-trump-supporters-outside-rally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDiamond2016"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond_(journalist)" title="Jeremy Diamond (journalist)">Diamond, Jeremy</a> (May 28, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/27/politics/donald-trump-san-diego-protesters/" rel="nofollow">"Pro-Trump, anti-Trump groups clash in San Diego"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Pro-Trump%2C+anti-Trump+groups+clash+in+San+Diego&rft.date=2016-05-28&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F05%2F27%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-san-diego-protesters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCummings2016">Cummings, William (November 11, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/11/10/trump-tweet-professional-protesters-media/93624612/" rel="nofollow">"Trump calls protests 'unfair' in first controversial tweet as president-elect"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Trump+calls+protests+%27unfair%27+in+first+controversial+tweet+as+president-elect&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fonpolitics%2F2016%2F11%2F10%2Ftrump-tweet-professional-protesters-media%2F93624612%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFColson2016">Colson, Thomas (November 11, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://uk.businessinsider.com/trump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11" rel="nofollow">"Trump says protesters have 'passion for our great country' after calling demonstrations 'very unfair<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+says+protesters+have+%27passion+for+our+great+country%27+after+calling+demonstrations+%27very+unfair%27&rft.date=2016-11-11&rft.aulast=Colson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-tweets-that-protesters-have-passion-for-our-great-country-2016-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-USAToday01a-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAToday01a_318-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPrzybylaSchouten2017">Przybyla, Heidi M.; Schouten, Fredreka (January 22, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/21/womens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration/96864158/" rel="nofollow">"At 2.6 million strong, Women's Marches crush expectations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> (online ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=At+2.6+million+strong%2C+Women%27s+Marches+crush+expectations&rft.date=2017-01-22&rft.aulast=Przybyla&rft.aufirst=Heidi+M.&rft.au=Schouten%2C+Fredreka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2017%2F01%2F21%2Fwomens-march-aims-start-movement-trump-inauguration%2F96864158%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBuncombe2017">Buncombe, Andrew (January 22, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/womens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html" rel="nofollow">"We asked ten people why they felt empowered wearing a pink 'pussy' hat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=We+asked+ten+people+why+they+felt+empowered+wearing+a+pink+%27pussy%27+hat&rft.date=2017-01-22&rft.aulast=Buncombe&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fwomens-march-on-washington-pink-pussy-hat-500000-donald-trump-resist-latest-a7540396.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFVarkiani2017">Varkiani, Adrienne Mahsa (January 28, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://thinkprogress.org/muslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e/" rel="nofollow">"Here's your list of all the protests happening against the Muslim Ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ThinkProgress" title="ThinkProgress">ThinkProgress</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ThinkProgress&rft.atitle=Here%27s+your+list+of+all+the+protests+happening+against+the+Muslim+Ban&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft.aulast=Varkiani&rft.aufirst=Adrienne+Mahsa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthinkprogress.org%2Fmuslim-ban-protests-344f6e66022e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span>
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<li id="cite_note-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWestwood2017">Westwood, Sarah (January 22, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things/article/2612632" rel="nofollow">"Trump hints at re-election bid, vowing 'eight years' of 'great things<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/The_Washington_Examiner" title="The Washington Examiner">The Washington Examiner</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=Trump+hints+at+re-election+bid%2C+vowing+%27eight+years%27+of+%27great+things%27&rft.date=2017-01-22&rft.aulast=Westwood&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Ftrump-hints-at-re-election-bid-vowing-eight-years-of-great-things%2Farticle%2F2612632&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-339">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAndrewsParlapiano2017">Andrews, Wilson; Parlapiano, Alicia (December 15, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/15/us/politics/final-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html" rel="nofollow">"What's in the Final Republican Tax Bill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+in+the+Final+Republican+Tax+Bill&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Wilson&rft.au=Parlapiano%2C+Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F12%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffinal-republican-tax-bill-cuts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-340"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-340">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSchlesinger2018">Schlesinger, Jacob M. (November 15, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508" rel="nofollow">"Trump Forged His Ideas on Trade in the 1980s – And Never Deviated"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Trump+Forged+His+Ideas+on+Trade+in+the+1980s+%E2%80%93+And+Never+Deviated&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft.aulast=Schlesinger&rft.aufirst=Jacob+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftrump-forged-his-ideas-on-trade-in-the-1980sand-never-deviated-1542304508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-341"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-341">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFEpsteinNelson2016">Epstein, Reid J.; Nelson, Colleen McCain (June 28, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Lays Out Protectionist Views in Trade Speech"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</span></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal+%3Cspan+style%3D%22font-size%3A0.95em%3B+font-size%3A90%25%3B+color%3A%23555%22%3E%28subscription+required%29%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3APages+containing+links+to+subscription-only+content&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Lays+Out+Protectionist+Views+in+Trade+Speech&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Reid+J.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+Colleen+McCain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fdonald-trump-lays-out-protectionist-views-in-trade-speech-1467145538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-342"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-342">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-calls-nafta-a-disaster/" rel="nofollow">"Trump calls NAFTA a "disaster<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i>. September 25, 2015.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Trump+calls+NAFTA+a+%22disaster%22&rft.date=2015-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-calls-nafta-a-disaster%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-343"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-343">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBradner2017">Bradner, Eric (January 23, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/23/politics/trump-tpp-things-to-know/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's TPP withdrawal: 5 things to know"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+TPP+withdrawal%3A+5+things+to+know&rft.date=2017-01-23&rft.aulast=Bradner&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F01%2F23%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-tpp-things-to-know%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Inman-344"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inman_344-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFInman2018">Inman, Phillip (March 10, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/mar/10/war-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs" rel="nofollow">"The war over steel: Trump tips global trade into new turmoil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+war+over+steel%3A+Trump+tips+global+trade+into+new+turmoil&rft.date=2018-03-10&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2018%2Fmar%2F10%2Fwar-over-steel-trump-tips-global-trade-turmoil-tariffs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-345"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHaberman2016"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (January 7, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/07/donald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Says He Favors Big Tariffs on Chinese Exports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Says+He+Favors+Big+Tariffs+on+Chinese+Exports&rft.date=2016-01-07&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Ffirst-draft%2F2016%2F01%2F07%2Fdonald-trump-says-he-favors-big-tariffs-on-chinese-exports%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-auto1-346"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_346-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLawderBlanchard2018">Lawder, David; Blanchard, Ben (June 16, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-china-ministry/trump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC" rel="nofollow">"Trump sets tariffs on $50 billion in Chinese goods; Beijing strikes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+sets+tariffs+on+%2450+billion+in+Chinese+goods%3B+Beijing+strikes&rft.date=2018-06-16&rft.aulast=Lawder&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trade-china-ministry%2Ftrump-sets-tariffs-on-50-billion-in-chinese-goods-beijing-strikes-back-idUSKBN1JB0KC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Newburger-190512-347"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Newburger-190512_347-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNewburger2019">Newburger, Emma (May 12, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/12/kudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Kudlow acknowledges US will pay for China tariffs, contradicting Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Kudlow+acknowledges+US+will+pay+for+China+tariffs%2C+contradicting+Trump&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft.aulast=Newburger&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F05%2F12%2Fkudlow-says-us-will-pay-for-china-tariffs-contradicting-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-348"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLongStein2019">Long, Heather; Stein, Jeff (October 26, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/10/25/us-deficit-hit-billion-marking-nearly-percent-increase-during-trump-era/" rel="nofollow">"The U.S. deficit hit $984 billion in 2019, soaring during Trump era"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+deficit+hit+%24984+billion+in+2019%2C+soaring+during+Trump+era&rft.date=2019-10-26&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.au=Stein%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2F10%2F25%2Fus-deficit-hit-billion-marking-nearly-percent-increase-during-trump-era%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-349"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-349">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBlake2020">Blake, Aaron (June 12, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/06/11/gops-decision-keep-its-2016-platform-is-well-little-awkward-trump/" rel="nofollow">"The GOP's decision to keep its 2016 platform is, well, a little awkward for Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+GOP%27s+decision+to+keep+its+2016+platform+is%2C+well%2C+a+little+awkward+for+Trump&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fgops-decision-keep-its-2016-platform-is-well-little-awkward-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-350"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRugaber2020">Rugaber, Christopher (May 9, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/908d7a004c316baceb916112c0a35ed0" rel="nofollow">"US unemployment surges to a Depression-era level of 14.7%"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=US+unemployment+surges+to+a+Depression-era+level+of+14.7%25&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Rugaber&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F908d7a004c316baceb916112c0a35ed0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ParkerDavenport-351"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ParkerDavenport_351-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFParkerDavenport2016"><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Parker" title="Ashley Parker">Parker, Ashley</a>; Davenport, Coral (May 26, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/us/politics/donald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Energy Plan: More Fossil Fuels and Fewer Rules"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Energy+Plan%3A+More+Fossil+Fuels+and+Fewer+Rules&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft.au=Davenport%2C+Coral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F27%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-global-warming-energy-policy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-354"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDennis">Dennis, Brandy. <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/07/as-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world" rel="nofollow">"As Syria embraces Paris climate deal, it's the United States against the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=As+Syria+embraces+Paris+climate+deal%2C+it%27s+the+United+States+against+the+world&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=Brandy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fenergy-environment%2Fwp%2F2017%2F11%2F07%2Fas-syria-embraces-paris-climate-deal-its-the-united-states-against-the-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-355"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-355">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTeirstein2019">Teirstein, Zoya (August 26, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://grist.org/article/donald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting/" rel="nofollow">"Donald 'I'm an environmentalist' Trump skips G7 climate meeting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grist_(magazine)" title="Grist (magazine)">Grist</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Grist&rft.atitle=Donald+%27I%27m+an+environmentalist%27+Trump+skips+G7+climate+meeting&rft.date=2019-08-26&rft.aulast=Teirstein&rft.aufirst=Zoya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgrist.org%2Farticle%2Fdonald-im-an-environmentalist-trump-skips-g7-climate-meeting%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-357"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-357">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGardner2019">Gardner, Timothy (December 3, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-energy-brouillette/senate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6" rel="nofollow">"Senate confirms Brouillette, former Ford lobbyist, as energy secretary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+Brouillette%2C+former+Ford+lobbyist%2C+as+energy+secretary&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-energy-brouillette%2Fsenate-confirms-brouillette-former-ford-lobbyist-as-energy-secretary-idUSKBN1Y62E6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-358"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-358">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1" id="CITEREFAdriance2017">Adriance, Sam (February 16, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.natlawreview.com/article/president-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years" rel="nofollow">"President Trump Signs First Congressional Review Act Disapproval Resolution in 16 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Law_Review" title="The National Law Review">The National Law Review</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Law+Review&rft.atitle=President+Trump+Signs+First+Congressional+Review+Act+Disapproval+Resolution+in+16+Years&rft.date=2017-02-16&rft.aulast=Adriance&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natlawreview.com%2Farticle%2Fpresident-trump-signs-first-congressional-review-act-disapproval-resolution-16-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-359"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-359">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFarand2017">Farand, Chloe (March 6, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Disassembles 90 Federal State Regulations in Just Over a Month in White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Disassembles+90+Federal+State+Regulations+in+Just+Over+a+Month+in+White+House&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Farand&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-federal-state-regulations-month-oval-office-white-house-us-president-deregulate-a7614031.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-360"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-360">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html#document/p60/a341284" rel="nofollow">"Trump-Era Trend: Industries Protest. Regulations Rolled Back. A Dozen Examples"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. March 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/DocumentCloud" title="DocumentCloud">DocumentCloud</a>. <q>More than 90 Obama-era federal regulations have been revoked or delayed or enforcement has been suspended, in many cases based on requests from the industries the rules target.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump-Era+Trend%3A+Industries+Protest.+Regulations+Rolled+Back.+A+Dozen+Examples&rft.date=2017-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentcloud.org%2Fdocuments%2F3480299-10-Examples-Industries-Push-Followed-by-Trump.html%23document%2Fp60%2Fa341284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-361"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPlumer2017">Plumer, Brad (January 30, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/1/30/14441430/trump-executive-order-regulations" rel="nofollow">"Trump wants to kill two old regulations for every new one issued. Sort of"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Trump+wants+to+kill+two+old+regulations+for+every+new+one+issued.+Sort+of.&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Plumer&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fscience-and-health%2F2017%2F1%2F30%2F14441430%2Ftrump-executive-order-regulations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-362"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-362">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFThe_White_House,_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary2017"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary" title="White House Office of the Press Secretary">The White House, Office of the Press Secretary</a> (January 30, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/30/presidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling" rel="nofollow">"Presidential Executive Order on Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Presidential+Executive+Order+on+Reducing+Regulation+and+Controlling+Regulatory+Costs&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.au=The+White+House%2C+Office+of+the+Press+Secretary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2017%2F01%2F30%2Fpresidential-executive-order-reducing-regulation-and-controlling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-mcalabresi-363"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mcalabresi_363-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCalabresi2017">Calabresi, Massimo (March 9, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://time.com/4696428/donald-trump-war-state-government/" rel="nofollow">"Inside Donald Trump's War against the State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. <q>Staffed by experts who oversee an open governmental process, they say, the federal bureaucracy exists to protect those who would otherwise be at the mercy of better-organized, better-funded interests.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Inside+Donald+Trump%27s+War+against+the+State&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft.aulast=Calabresi&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4696428%2Fdonald-trump-war-state-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Jeffrey-369"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jeffrey_369-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFYoung2017">Young, Jeffrey (August 31, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/trump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751" rel="nofollow">"Trump Ramps Up Obamacare Sabotage With Huge Cuts To Enrollment Programs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Trump+Ramps+Up+Obamacare+Sabotage+With+Huge+Cuts+To+Enrollment+Programs&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.ca%2Fentry%2Ftrump-obamacare-sabotage-enrollment-cuts_us_59a87bffe4b0b5e530fd5751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-370"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-370">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPradhan2017">Pradhan, Rachana (August 31, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/31/trump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225" rel="nofollow">"Trump administration slashes Obamacare outreach"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+slashes+Obamacare+outreach&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Pradhan&rft.aufirst=Rachana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2017%2F08%2F31%2Ftrump-obamacare-outreach-cuts-242225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-371"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-371">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPear2017"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Pear" title="Robert Pear">Pear, Robert</a> (December 18, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/18/us/politics/tax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html" rel="nofollow">"Without the Insurance Mandate, Health Care's Future May Be in Doubt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Without+the+Insurance+Mandate%2C+Health+Care%27s+Future+May+Be+in+Doubt&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.aulast=Pear&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F12%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftax-cut-obamacare-individual-mandate-repeal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-372"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-372">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSullivan2017">Sullivan, Peter (December 2, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate" rel="nofollow">"Senate GOP repeals ObamaCare mandate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Senate+GOP+repeals+ObamaCare+mandate&rft.date=2017-12-02&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fhealthcare%2F362838-senate-gop-repeals-obamacare-mandate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-373"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-373">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFJost2017"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Jost" title="Timothy Jost">Jost, Timothy</a> (December 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20171220.323429/full/" rel="nofollow">"The Tax Bill And The Individual Mandate: What Happened, And What Does It Mean?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Health_Affairs" title="Health Affairs">Health Affairs</a></i>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429" rel="nofollow">10.1377/hblog20171220.323429</a> (inactive May 9, 2020).</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Tax+Bill+And+The+Individual+Mandate%3A+What+Happened%2C+And+What+Does+It+Mean%3F&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429&rft.aulast=Jost&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthaffairs.org%2Fdo%2F10.1377%2Fhblog20171220.323429%2Ffull%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CadillacRepealed-374"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CadillacRepealed_374-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGolden2019">Golden, Ryan (December 23, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.hrdive.com/news/trump-signs-bill-repealing-aca-cadillac-tax-granting-relief-for-employer/569551/" rel="nofollow">"Trump signs bill repealing ACA Cadillac tax, granting 'relief' for employers"</a>. <i>HR Dive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HR+Dive&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+bill+repealing+ACA+Cadillac+tax%2C+granting+%27relief%27+for+employers&rft.date=2019-12-23&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrdive.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-signs-bill-repealing-aca-cadillac-tax-granting-relief-for-employer%2F569551%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-375"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-375">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/1865/text" rel="nofollow">"Text – H.R.1865 – 116th Congress (2019-2020): Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020"</a>. Congress.gov.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Text+%E2%80%93+H.R.1865+%E2%80%93+116th+Congress+%282019-2020%29%3A+Further+Consolidated+Appropriations+Act%2C+2020&rft.pub=Congress.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F116th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F1865%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-376"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-376">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/health-check/statements/2020/jan/15/donald-trump/trumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta/" rel="nofollow">"Trump's pre-ex claim 'part fantasty, part delusion<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+pre-ex+claim+%27part+fantasty%2C+part+delusion%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Fhealth-check%2Fstatements%2F2020%2Fjan%2F15%2Fdonald-trump%2Ftrumps-claim-he-saved-pre-ex-conditions-part-fanta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-377"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRappeportHaberman2020"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Rappeport" title="Alan Rappeport">Rappeport, Alan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (January 22, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/22/us/politics/medicare-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Opens Door to Cuts to Medicare and Other Entitlement Programs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Opens+Door+to+Cuts+to+Medicare+and+Other+Entitlement+Programs&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Rappeport&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fmedicare-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-378"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWright2016">Wright, David (April 21, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/" rel="nofollow">"Trump: I would change GOP platform on abortion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+I+would+change+GOP+platform+on+abortion&rft.date=2016-04-21&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F04%2F21%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-republican-platform-abortion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60min-379"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-60min_379-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-60min_379-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDe_Vogue2016">De Vogue, Ariane (November 15, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/trump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court/" rel="nofollow">"Trump: Same-sex marriage is 'settled', but Roe v Wade can be changed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Same-sex+marriage+is+%27settled%27%2C+but+Roe+v+Wade+can+be+changed&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft.aulast=De+Vogue&rft.aufirst=Ariane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F11%2F14%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-gay-marriage-abortion-supreme-court%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NBCNews-382"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NBCNews_382-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFO'Hara">O'Hara, Mary Emily. <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/lgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301" rel="nofollow">"LGBTQ Advocates Say Trump's New Executive Order Makes Them Vulnerable to Discrimination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=LGBTQ+Advocates+Say+Trump%27s+New+Executive+Order+Makes+Them+Vulnerable+to+Discrimination&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Mary+Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ffeature%2Fnbc-out%2Flgbtq-advocates-say-trump-s-news-executive-order-makes-them-n740301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-OWSAR-384"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OWSAR_384-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107050849/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights" rel="nofollow">"Second Amendment Rights"</a>. <i>Donald J. Trump for President</i>. Archived from <a class="external text" href="https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights" rel="nofollow">the original</a> on January 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2017</span>. <q>There has been a national background check system in place since 1998 ... Too many states are failing to put criminal and mental health records into the system ... What we need to do is fix the system we have and make it work as intended.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Donald+J.+Trump+for+President&rft.atitle=Second+Amendment+Rights&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.donaldjtrump.com%2Fpositions%2Fsecond-amendment-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-385"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKrieg2016">Krieg, Gregory (June 20, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/donald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando/" rel="nofollow">"The times Trump changed his positions on guns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=The+times+Trump+changed+his+positions+on+guns&rft.date=2016-06-20&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F06%2F20%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-gun-positions-nra-orlando%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cannabis-386"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cannabis_386-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4541840/donald-trump-marijuana" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump on Marijuana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=C-SPAN&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+on+Marijuana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.c-span.org%2Fvideo%2F%3Fc4541840%2Fdonald-trump-marijuana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cop_killers-387"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cop_killers_387-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDiamond2015"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond" title="Jeremy Diamond">Diamond, Jeremy</a> (December 11, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/10/politics/donald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty/" rel="nofollow">"Trump: Death penalty for cop killers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Death+penalty+for+cop+killers&rft.date=2015-12-11&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F12%2F10%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-police-officers-death-penalty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FullPageAd1989-388"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FullPageAd1989_388-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFoderaro1989">Foderaro, Lisa (May 1, 1989). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/01/nyregion/angered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html" rel="nofollow">"Angered by Attack, Trump Urges Return of the Death Penalty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Angered+by+Attack%2C+Trump+Urges+Return+of+the+Death+Penalty&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.aulast=Foderaro&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F05%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Fangered-by-attack-trump-urges-return-of-the-death-penalty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-389"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_389-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMcCarthy">McCarthy, Tom. <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/feb/06/donald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump: I'd bring back 'a hell of a lot worse than waterboarding<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%3A+I%27d+bring+back+%27a+hell+of+a+lot+worse+than+waterboarding%27&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F06%2Fdonald-trump-waterboarding-republican-debate-torture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-ABC_News-390"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABC_News_390-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/video/ted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410" rel="nofollow">"Ted Cruz, Donald Trump Advocate Bringing Back Waterboarding"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i>. February 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ted+Cruz%2C+Donald+Trump+Advocate+Bringing+Back+Waterboarding&rft.date=2016-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Fvideo%2Fted-cruz-donald-trump-advocate-bringing-back-waterboarding-36764410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-391"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-391">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-arpaio-criminal-contempt-20161025-snap-story.html" rel="nofollow">"Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio is officially charged with criminal contempt in racial profiling case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. October 25, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Arizona+Sheriff+Joe+Arpaio+is+officially+charged+with+criminal+contempt+in+racial+profiling+case&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fnationnow%2Fla-na-arpaio-criminal-contempt-20161025-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-392"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-392">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHillyardHelsel2017">Hillyard, Vaughn; Helsel, Phil (August 26, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/trump-grants-pardon-former-sheriff-joe-arpaio-n796191" rel="nofollow">"President Trump Grants Pardon for Former Sheriff Joe Arpaio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=President+Trump+Grants+Pardon+for+Former+Sheriff+Joe+Arpaio&rft.date=2017-08-26&rft.aulast=Hillyard&rft.aufirst=Vaughn&rft.au=Helsel%2C+Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Ftrump-grants-pardon-former-sheriff-joe-arpaio-n796191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-393"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-393">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLucas2018">Lucas, Ryan (March 9, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/03/09/592440282/trump-pardons-ex-navy-sailor-sentenced-for-photos-of-submarine" rel="nofollow">"Trump Pardons Ex-Navy Sailor Sentenced For Photos of Submarine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Pardons+Ex-Navy+Sailor+Sentenced+For+Photos+of+Submarine&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F03%2F09%2F592440282%2Ftrump-pardons-ex-navy-sailor-sentenced-for-photos-of-submarine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-394"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-394">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCaliaPramuk2018">Calia, Mike; Pramuk, Jacob (April 13, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/13/president-trump-plans-to-pardon-former-cheney-chief-of-staff-scooter-libby.html" rel="nofollow">"President Trump pardons former Cheney chief of staff Scooter Libby"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=President+Trump+pardons+former+Cheney+chief+of+staff+Scooter+Libby&rft.date=2018-04-13&rft.aulast=Calia&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Pramuk%2C+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2018%2F04%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-plans-to-pardon-former-cheney-chief-of-staff-scooter-libby.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-395"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-395">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPascoe2009">Pascoe, Peggy (2009). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mrjbk8zc7PgC&pg=PA164&dq=Jack+Johnson" rel="nofollow"><i>What Comes Naturally: Miscegenation Law and the Making of Race in America</i></a>. Oxford, England: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 164–165. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509463-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-509463-3"><bdi>978-0-19-509463-3</bdi></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/221155113" rel="nofollow">221155113</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Comes+Naturally%3A+Miscegenation+Law+and+the+Making+of+Race+in+America&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=164-165&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F221155113&rft.isbn=978-0-19-509463-3&rft.aulast=Pascoe&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMrjbk8zc7PgC%26pg%3DPA164%26dq%3DJack%2BJohnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-396"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-396">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/sports/jack-johnson-pardon-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Pardons Jack Johnson, Heavyweight Boxing Champion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. May 24, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Pardons+Jack+Johnson%2C+Heavyweight+Boxing+Champion&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F05%2F24%2Fsports%2Fjack-johnson-pardon-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-397"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRuckerDawseyWagner2018"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rucker" title="Philip Rucker">Rucker, Philip</a>; <a href="/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a>; Wagner, John (June 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-offers-pardon-to-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-for-campaign-finance-violations/2018/05/31/b4939a08-64d5-11e8-a768-ed043e33f1dc_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+pardons+conservative+pundit+Dinesh+D%27Souza%2C+suggests+others+also+could+receive+clemency&rft.date=2018-06-01&rft.aulast=Rucker&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-offers-pardon-to-conservative-pundit-dinesh-dsouza-for-campaign-finance-violations%2F2018%2F05%2F31%2Fb4939a08-64d5-11e8-a768-ed043e33f1dc_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-398"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWagnerHorwitz2018">Wagner, John; Horwitz, Sari (June 6, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-has-commuted-the-life-sentence-of-alice-marie-johnson-a-woman-whose-case-was-championed-by-kim-kardashian/2018/06/06/ce5bbf20-69a7-11e8-9e38-24e693b38637_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump has commuted the life sentence of Alice Marie Johnson, a woman whose case was championed by Kim Kardashian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+has+commuted+the+life+sentence+of+Alice+Marie+Johnson%2C+a+woman+whose+case+was+championed+by+Kim+Kardashian&rft.date=2018-06-06&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+Sari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-has-commuted-the-life-sentence-of-alice-marie-johnson-a-woman-whose-case-was-championed-by-kim-kardashian%2F2018%2F06%2F06%2Fce5bbf20-69a7-11e8-9e38-24e693b38637_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-415"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-415">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2019/11/04/donald-trump-has-cut-refugee-admissions-to-america-to-a-record-low" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump has cut refugee admissions to America to a record low"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. November 4, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+cut+refugee+admissions+to+America+to+a+record+low&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fgraphic-detail%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fdonald-trump-has-cut-refugee-admissions-to-america-to-a-record-low&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-416"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHesson2019">Hesson, Ted (October 11, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/11/trump-refugee-decrease-immigration-044186" rel="nofollow">"Trump ending U.S. role as worldwide leader on refugees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+ending+U.S.+role+as+worldwide+leader+on+refugees&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft.aulast=Hesson&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F10%2F11%2Ftrump-refugee-decrease-immigration-044186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-417"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFScott2015">Scott, Eugene (December 13, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/politics/donald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union/" rel="nofollow">"Trump: My Muslim friends don't support my immigration ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+My+Muslim+friends+don%27t+support+my+immigration+ban&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F12%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-muslim-ban-state-of-the-union%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Barro-418"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barro_418-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarro2015">Barro, Josh (December 15, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/16/upshot/how-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html" rel="nofollow">"How Unpopular Is Trump's Muslim Ban? Depends How You Ask"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <q>Donald J. Trump's proposal to bar Muslim noncitizens from entering the United States ...</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+Unpopular+Is+Trump%27s+Muslim+Ban%3F+Depends+How+You+Ask&rft.date=2015-12-15&rft.aulast=Barro&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F12%2F16%2Fupshot%2Fhow-unpopular-is-trumps-muslim-ban-depends-how-you-ask.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-419"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-419">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFColvinBarrow2015">Colvin, Jill; Barrow, Bill (December 14, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2015-12-14/trump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's supporters see plenty of sense in views that his critics denounce"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. <q>He said American citizens, including Muslim members of the military, would be exempt, as would certain world leaders and athletes coming to the U.S. to compete.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+supporters+see+plenty+of+sense+in+views+that+his+critics+denounce&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.aulast=Colvin&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft.au=Barrow%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Farticles%2F2015-12-14%2Ftrump-supporters-shrug-off-the-fuss-say-he-gets-it&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Scots-420"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scots_420-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJohnson2016">Johnson, Jenna (June 25, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump now says Muslim ban only applies to those from terrorism-heavy countries"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. <q>[A] reporter asked Trump if [he] would be OK with a Muslim from Scotland coming into the United States and he said it 'wouldn't bother me'. Afterward, [spokeswoman] Hicks said in an email that Trump's ban would now just apply to Muslims in terror states ...</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Trump+now+says+Muslim+ban+only+applies+to+those+from+terrorism-heavy+countries&rft.date=2016-06-25&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fpolitics%2Fct-donald-trump-muslim-ban-20160625-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-421"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-421">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDetrow2016">Detrow, Scott (June 13, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2016/06/13/481910989/trump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism" rel="nofollow">"Trump Calls To Ban Immigration From Countries With 'Proven History Of Terrorism<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>. <q>I will suspend immigration from areas of the world where there's a proven history of terrorism against the United States, Europe or our allies until we fully understand how to end these threats.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Trump+Calls+To+Ban+Immigration+From+Countries+With+%27Proven+History+Of+Terrorism%27&rft.date=2016-06-13&rft.aulast=Detrow&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2016%2F06%2F13%2F481910989%2Ftrump-expands-immigration-ban-to-countries-with-proven-history-of-terrorism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-422"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-422">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPark2016">Park, Haeyoun (July 22, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/07/22/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Vows to Stop Immigration From Nations 'Compromised' by Terrorism. How Could It Work?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Vows+to+Stop+Immigration+From+Nations+%27Compromised%27+by+Terrorism.+How+Could+It+Work%3F&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Haeyoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2016%2F07%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-immigration-ban-how-could-it-work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BBC.March.6.17-423"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC.March.6.17_423-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39183153" rel="nofollow">"Trump signs new travel ban directive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. March 6, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+new+travel+ban+directive&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-39183153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-424"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-424">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGrinbergPark2017">Grinberg, Emanuella; Park, Madison (January 30, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/29/politics/us-immigration-protests/" rel="nofollow">"2nd day of protests over Trump's immigration policies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=2nd+day+of+protests+over+Trump%27s+immigration+policies&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Grinberg&rft.aufirst=Emanuella&rft.au=Park%2C+Madison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F01%2F29%2Fpolitics%2Fus-immigration-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-425"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-425">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/28/airports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump" rel="nofollow">"US airports on frontline as Donald Trump's travel ban causes chaos and protests"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. January 28, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+airports+on+frontline+as+Donald+Trump%27s+travel+ban+causes+chaos+and+protests&rft.date=2017-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2017%2Fjan%2F28%2Fairports-us-immigration-ban-muslim-countries-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-426"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-426">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPerezDiamond2017">Perez, Evan; <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond_(journalist)" title="Jeremy Diamond (journalist)">Diamond, Jeremy</a> (January 30, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/01/30/politics/donald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump fires acting AG after she declines to defend travel ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+fires+acting+AG+after+she+declines+to+defend+travel+ban&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Evan&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F01%2F30%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-immigration-order-department-of-justice%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-427"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-427">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFShearLandlerApuzzoLichtblau2017"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Landler" title="Mark Landler">Landler, Mark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matt_Apuzzo" title="Matt Apuzzo">Apuzzo, Matt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eric_Lichtblau" title="Eric Lichtblau">Lichtblau, Eric</a> (January 30, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/30/us/politics/trump-immigration-ban-memo.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Fires Acting Attorney General Who Defied Him"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Fires+Acting+Attorney+General+Who+Defied+Him&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Landler%2C+Mark&rft.au=Apuzzo%2C+Matt&rft.au=Lichtblau%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F30%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-immigration-ban-memo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-428"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-428">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarrettFrosch2017">Barrett, Devlin; Frosch, Dan (February 4, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/legal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216" rel="nofollow">"Federal Judge Temporarily Halts Trump Order on Immigration, Refugees"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Federal+Judge+Temporarily+Halts+Trump+Order+on+Immigration%2C+Refugees&rft.date=2017-02-04&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft.au=Frosch%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Flegal-feud-over-trump-immigration-order-turns-to-visa-revocations-1486153216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-LiptakStands-429"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LiptakStands_429-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLiptak2017"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Liptak" title="Adam Liptak">Liptak, Adam</a> (February 5, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/05/us/politics/trumps-travel-ban.html" rel="nofollow">"Where Trump's Travel Ban Stands"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+Trump%27s+Travel+Ban+Stands&rft.date=2017-02-05&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F02%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrumps-travel-ban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-481"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-481">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFYenLongWoodward">Yen, Hope; Long, Colleen; Woodward, Calvin. <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/d47a6370e5dd41289f86fc9d5e19c3d5" rel="nofollow">"Trump's shift on concrete wall, tariff myth"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+shift+on+concrete+wall%2C+tariff+myth&rft.aulast=Yen&rft.aufirst=Hope&rft.au=Long%2C+Colleen&rft.au=Woodward%2C+Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fd47a6370e5dd41289f86fc9d5e19c3d5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-485"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-485">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWoodward2020">Woodward, Calvin (March 1, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/28e60e866f6d32cdadedd126e292eba7" rel="nofollow">"AP FACT CHECK: Trump revives false claim on wall at CPAC"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=AP+FACT+CHECK%3A+Trump+revives+false+claim+on+wall+at+CPAC&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.aulast=Woodward&rft.aufirst=Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F28e60e866f6d32cdadedd126e292eba7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-491"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-491">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFValverde2020">Valverde, Miriam (May 20, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2020/may/20/donald-trump/facts-donald-trumps-claim-182-miles-border-wall-co/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump stated on May 19, 2020 in a speech: "On the Southern border, as you know, the wall is going up, it's going up very rapidly. We're at 182 miles.<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PolitiFact&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+stated+on+May+19%2C+2020+in+a+speech%3A+%22On+the+Southern+border%2C+as+you+know%2C+the+wall+is+going+up%2C+it%27s+going+up+very+rapidly.+We%27re+at+182+miles.%22&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft.aulast=Valverde&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politifact.com%2Ffactchecks%2F2020%2Fmay%2F20%2Fdonald-trump%2Ffacts-donald-trumps-claim-182-miles-border-wall-co%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cassidy-492"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cassidy_492-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1" id="CITEREFCassidy2016">Cassidy, John (February 29, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/donald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Is Transforming the G.O.P. Into a Populist, Nativist Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Is+Transforming+the+G.O.P.+Into+a+Populist%2C+Nativist+Party&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fjohn-cassidy%2Fdonald-trump-is-transforming-the-g-o-p-into-a-populist-nativist-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-rucker-493"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rucker_493-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rucker_493-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRuckerCosta2016"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rucker" title="Philip Rucker">Rucker, Philip</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Costa_(journalist)" title="Robert Costa (journalist)">Costa, Robert</a> (March 21, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/03/21/donald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post/" rel="nofollow">"Trump questions need for NATO, outlines noninterventionist foreign policy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+questions+need+for+NATO%2C+outlines+noninterventionist+foreign+policy&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft.aulast=Rucker&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Costa%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2016%2F03%2F21%2Fdonald-trump-reveals-foreign-policy-team-in-meeting-with-the-washington-post%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nationalinterest.org-494"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nationalinterest.org_494-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDueck2015">Dueck, Colin (November 3, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-american-nationalist-14237" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump, American Nationalist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Interest&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%2C+American+Nationalist&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft.aulast=Dueck&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Ffeature%2Fdonald-trump-american-nationalist-14237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-495"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-495">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAmanpour2016"><a href="/wiki/Christiane_Amanpour" title="Christiane Amanpour">Amanpour, Christiane</a> (July 22, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/22/opinions/donald-trump-speech-amanpour/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's speech: 'America first', but an America absent from the world"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+speech%3A+%27America+first%27%2C+but+an+America+absent+from+the+world&rft.date=2016-07-22&rft.aulast=Amanpour&rft.aufirst=Christiane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F07%2F22%2Fopinions%2Fdonald-trump-speech-amanpour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-496"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-496">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2016/03/aipac-and-foreign-policy" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump reveals his isolationist foreign-policy instincts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. May 22, 2016.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+reveals+his+isolationist+foreign-policy+instincts&rft.date=2016-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fdemocracyinamerica%2F2016%2F03%2Faipac-and-foreign-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-497"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-497">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFCarothersBrown2019">Carothers, Thomas; Brown, Frances Z. (October 1, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/10/01/can-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381" rel="nofollow">"Can U.S. Democracy Policy Survive Trump?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=Can+U.S.+Democracy+Policy+Survive+Trump%3F&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft.aulast=Carothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Brown%2C+Frances+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2F2018%2F10%2F01%2Fcan-u.s.-democracy-policy-survive-trump-pub-77381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-498"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-498">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/us-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power/a-42817441" rel="nofollow">"US President Donald Trump praises China's Xi Jinping for consolidating grip on power"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. March 4, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=US+President+Donald+Trump+praises+China%27s+Xi+Jinping+for+consolidating+grip+on+power&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fus-president-donald-trump-praises-chinas-xi-jinping-for-consolidating-grip-on-power%2Fa-42817441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-499"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-499">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLemireColvin2017">Lemire, Jonathan; Colvin, Jill (November 13, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/3857619/donald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump repeatedly praises Philippines' President Duterte during Asia trip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+repeatedly+praises+Philippines%27+President+Duterte+during+Asia+trip&rft.date=2017-11-13&rft.aulast=Lemire&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Colvin%2C+Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F3857619%2Fdonald-trump-praises-philippines-duterte%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-500"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-500">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRevesz2017">Revesz, Rachael (May 21, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump praises Egypt President al-Sisi and plans trip to Cairo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+praises+Egypt+President+al-Sisi+and+plans+trip+to+Cairo&rft.date=2017-05-21&rft.aulast=Revesz&rft.aufirst=Rachael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-praises-egypt-president-abdel-fattah-al-sisi-safety-visit-cairo-saudi-arabia-meeting-a7747171.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-506"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-506">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCalamur2018">Calamur, Krishnadev (March 4, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/trump-xi-jinping-dictators/554810/" rel="nofollow">"Nine Notorious Dictators, Nine Shout-Outs From Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Nine+Notorious+Dictators%2C+Nine+Shout-Outs+From+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2018-03-04&rft.aulast=Calamur&rft.aufirst=Krishnadev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2018%2F03%2Ftrump-xi-jinping-dictators%2F554810%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-507"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-507">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGera2017">Gera, Vanessa (July 24, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e" rel="nofollow">"Amid protests, Polish leader puts brakes on judicial shakeup"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Amid+protests%2C+Polish+leader+puts+brakes+on+judicial+shakeup&rft.date=2017-07-24&rft.aulast=Gera&rft.aufirst=Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2F661a8708f4454d6ab3a0d11e7d896c7e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-508"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-508">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMaizland2017">Maizland, Lindsay (July 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/world/2017/7/20/16003480/poland-supreme-court-democracy-trump" rel="nofollow">"Trump praised Poland as a defender of the West. But their democracy is unraveling"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Trump+praised+Poland+as+a+defender+of+the+West.+But+their+democracy+is+unraveling&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft.aulast=Maizland&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2F7%2F20%2F16003480%2Fpoland-supreme-court-democracy-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike-509"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnewssyriawartrumpsmissilestrike_509-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-39529605" rel="nofollow">"Syria war: Trump's missile strike attracts US praise – and barbs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. April 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Syria+war%3A+Trump%27s+missile+strike+attracts+US+praise+%E2%80%93+and+barbs&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-39529605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-510"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-510">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45425413" rel="nofollow">"Trump denies he wanted Syria leader killed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. September 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Trump+denies+he+wanted+Syria+leader+killed&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-45425413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-511"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-511">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJoyce2018">Joyce, Kathleen (April 14, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/us-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime" rel="nofollow">"US strikes Syria after suspected chemical attack by Assad regime"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=US+strikes+Syria+after+suspected+chemical+attack+by+Assad+regime&rft.date=2018-04-14&rft.aulast=Joyce&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fus-strikes-syria-after-suspected-chemical-attack-by-assad-regime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-512"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-512">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLandlerCooperSchmitt2018"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Landler" title="Mark Landler">Landler, Mark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helene_Cooper" title="Helene Cooper">Cooper, Helene</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eric_P._Schmitt" title="Eric P. Schmitt">Schmitt, Eric</a> (December 19, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/us/politics/trump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump withdraws U.S. Forces From Syria, Declaring 'We Have Won Against ISIS<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+withdraws+U.S.+Forces+From+Syria%2C+Declaring+%27We+Have+Won+Against+ISIS%27&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft.aulast=Landler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Helene&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F19%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-syria-turkey-troop-withdrawal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-513"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-513">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46628811" rel="nofollow">"Syria conflict: Trump's withdrawal plan shocks allies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. December 20, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Syria+conflict%3A+Trump%27s+withdrawal+plan+shocks+allies&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-46628811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-514"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-514">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBorgerChulov2018"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Borger" title="Julian Borger">Borger, Julian</a>; Chulov, Martin (December 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/19/us-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump" rel="nofollow">"Trump shocks allies and advisers with plan to pull US troops out of Syria"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trump+shocks+allies+and+advisers+with+plan+to+pull+US+troops+out+of+Syria&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft.au=Chulov%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2018%2Fdec%2F19%2Fus-troops-syria-withdrawal-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-515"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-515">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCooper2018"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Cooper" title="Helene Cooper">Cooper, Helene</a> (December 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/20/us/politics/jim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Jim Mattis, Defense Secretary, Resigns in Rebuke of Trump's Worldview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jim+Mattis%2C+Defense+Secretary%2C+Resigns+in+Rebuke+of+Trump%27s+Worldview&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F20%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjim-mattis-defense-secretary-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-516"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-516">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDemirjian2019"><a href="/wiki/Karoun_Demirjian" title="Karoun Demirjian">Demirjian, Karoun</a> (January 6, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/bolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed/2019/01/06/ee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Contradicting Trump, Bolton says no withdrawal from Syria until ISIS destroyed, Kurds' safety guaranteed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Contradicting+Trump%2C+Bolton+says+no+withdrawal+from+Syria+until+ISIS+destroyed%2C+Kurds%27+safety+guaranteed&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft.aulast=Demirjian&rft.aufirst=Karoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fbolton-promises-no-troop-withdrawal-from-syria-until-isis-contained-kurds-safety-guaranteed%2F2019%2F01%2F06%2Fee219bba-11c5-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-517"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-517">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSangerWeilandSchmitt2019"><a href="/wiki/David_E._Sanger" title="David E. Sanger">Sanger, David E.</a>; Weiland, Noah; <a href="/wiki/Eric_P._Schmitt" title="Eric P. Schmitt">Schmitt, Eric</a> (January 6, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/06/world/middleeast/bolton-syria-pullout.html" rel="nofollow">"Bolton Puts Conditions on Syria Withdrawal, Suggesting a Delay of Months or Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bolton+Puts+Conditions+on+Syria+Withdrawal%2C+Suggesting+a+Delay+of+Months+or+Years&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.au=Weiland%2C+Noah&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fbolton-syria-pullout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-prince-518"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prince_518-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prince_518-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381" rel="nofollow">"Trump praises arms sales as he meets Saudi crown prince"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i>. March 20, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+praises+arms+sales+as+he+meets+Saudi+crown+prince&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F94204940-2c47-11e8-9b4b-bc4b9f08f381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-519"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-519">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/us-news/senate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874" rel="nofollow">"Senate Votes Down Ending Trump's Support for Saudi-led War in Yemen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>. May 21, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Senate+Votes+Down+Ending+Trump%27s+Support+for+Saudi-led+War+in+Yemen&rft.date=2018-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fus-news%2Fsenate-votes-down-ending-trump-s-support-for-saudi-led-war-in-yemen-1.5931874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Phelps-170520-520"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phelps-170520_520-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPhelpsStruyk2017">Phelps, Jordyn; Struyk, Ryan (May 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia/story?id=47531180" rel="nofollow">"Trump signs $110 billion arms deal with Saudi Arabia on 'a tremendous day<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+%24110+billion+arms+deal+with+Saudi+Arabia+on+%27a+tremendous+day%27&rft.date=2017-05-20&rft.aulast=Phelps&rft.aufirst=Jordyn&rft.au=Struyk%2C+Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Ftrump-signs-110-billion-arms-deal-saudi-arabia%2Fstory%3Fid%3D47531180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-521"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-521">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJaffeRyan2018">Jaffe, Greg; <a href="/wiki/Missy_Ryan" title="Missy Ryan">Ryan, Missy</a> (January 21, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/up-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring/2018/01/21/153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Up to 1,000 more U.S. troops could be headed to Afghanistan this spring"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Up+to+1%2C000+more+U.S.+troops+could+be+headed+to+Afghanistan+this+spring&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Missy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fup-to-1000-more-us-troops-could-be-headed-to-afghanistan-this-spring%2F2018%2F01%2F21%2F153930b6-fd1b-11e7-a46b-a3614530bd87_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-538"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-538">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKranish2019"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a> (May 27, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran/2019/05/27/94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump says he is not seeking 'regime change' in Iran"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+says+he+is+not+seeking+%27regime+change%27+in+Iran&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft.aulast=Kranish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Ftrump-says-he-is-not-seeking-regime-change-in-iran%2F2019%2F05%2F27%2F94d3053a-808d-11e9-933d-7501070ee669_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-KatyTurIranInterview-539"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KatyTurIranInterview_539-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTur2015"><a href="/wiki/Katy_Tur" title="Katy Tur">Tur, Katy</a> (July 14, 2015). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Weighs in on Iran Deal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Weighs+in+on+Iran+Deal&rft.date=2015-07-14&rft.aulast=Tur&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2016-election%2Fdonald-trump-weighs-iran-deal-n391926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-546"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-546">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0" rel="nofollow">"Iran says new U.S. sanctions violate nuclear deal, vows 'proportional reaction<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. August 2, 2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iran+says+new+U.S.+sanctions+violate+nuclear+deal%2C+vows+%27proportional+reaction%27&rft.date=2017-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-nuclear-usa-sanctions-idUSKBN1AI2N0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-585"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-585">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFlores2017">Flores, Reena (January 7, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/donald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump urges 'good relationship' with Russia in tweets"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+urges+%27good+relationship%27+with+Russia+in+tweets&rft.date=2017-01-07&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Reena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdonald-trump-urges-good-relationship-with-russia-in-tweets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-586"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-586">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBerry2017">Berry, Lynn (January 29, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-gop-russia-sanctions/" rel="nofollow">"GOP warns Trump not to lift Russia sanctions after call with Putin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=GOP+warns+Trump+not+to+lift+Russia+sanctions+after+call+with+Putin&rft.date=2017-01-29&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Ftrump-gop-russia-sanctions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-587"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-587">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/trump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea/" rel="nofollow">"Trump suggests U.S. accept Russia's annexation of Crimea"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. August 1, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Trump+suggests+U.S.+accept+Russia%27s+annexation+of+Crimea&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Frundown%2Ftrump-suggests-us-accept-russias-annexation-crimea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-588"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-588">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCarroll2018">Carroll, Oliver (January 19, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html" rel="nofollow">"US–Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=US%E2%80%93Russia+relations+fail+to+improve+in+Trump%27s+first+year+and+they+are+likely+to+get+worse&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-589"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-589">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFOsborne2017">Osborne, Samuel (April 12, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html" rel="nofollow">"Vladimir Putin says US–Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+says+US%E2%80%93Russia+relations+are+worse+since+Donald+Trump+took+office&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fdonald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-590"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-590">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSmith2018">Smith, Alexander (March 30, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/u-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391" rel="nofollow">"U.S.-Russian relations worst Ambassador Antonov can remember"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=U.S.-Russian+relations+worst+Ambassador+Antonov+can+remember&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fu-s-russian-relations-worst-ambassador-antonov-can-remember-n861391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Syria-blame-591"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Syria-blame_591-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNussbaum2018">Nussbaum, Matthew (April 8, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/08/trump-putin-syria-attack-508223" rel="nofollow">"Trump blames Putin for backing 'Animal Assad<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+blames+Putin+for+backing+%27Animal+Assad%27&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F04%2F08%2Ftrump-putin-syria-attack-508223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-592"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-592">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRamptonSobczak2017">Rampton, Roberta; Sobczak, Pawel (July 6, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-usa-trump/trump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q" rel="nofollow">"Trump criticizes Russia, calls for defense of Western civilization"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+criticizes+Russia%2C+calls+for+defense+of+Western+civilization&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Rampton&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft.au=Sobczak%2C+Pawel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-poland-usa-trump%2Ftrump-criticizes-russia-calls-for-defense-of-western-civilization-idUSKBN19R02Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-593"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-593">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHollandRamptonMason2018">Holland, Steve; Rampton, Roberta; Mason, Jeff (January 17, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-exclusive/exclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO" rel="nofollow">"Exclusive: Trump accuses Russia of helping North Korea evade sanctions; says U.S. needs more missile defense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Trump+accuses+Russia+of+helping+North+Korea+evade+sanctions%3B+says+U.S.+needs+more+missile+defense&rft.date=2018-01-17&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Rampton%2C+Roberta&rft.au=Mason%2C+Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-exclusive%2Fexclusive-trump-accuses-russia-of-helping-north-korea-evade-sanctions-says-u-s-needs-more-missile-defense-idUSKBN1F62KO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-594"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-594">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-47739503" rel="nofollow">"Venezuela crisis: Russia hits out at 'boorish' Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. March 28, 2019.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Venezuela+crisis%3A+Russia+hits+out+at+%27boorish%27+Trump&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-47739503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-595"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-595">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDiamondMalloyDewan2018"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond" title="Jeremy Diamond">Diamond, Jeremy</a>; Malloy, Allie; Dewan, Angela (March 26, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/26/politics/us-expel-russian-diplomats/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump expelling 60 Russian diplomats in wake of UK nerve agent attack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+expelling+60+Russian+diplomats+in+wake+of+UK+nerve+agent+attack&rft.date=2018-03-26&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Malloy%2C+Allie&rft.au=Dewan%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F03%2F26%2Fpolitics%2Fus-expel-russian-diplomats%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-596"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-596">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPager2016">Pager, Tyler (July 27, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/trump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292" rel="nofollow">"Trump to look at recognizing Crimea as Russian territory, lifting sanctions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump+to+look+at+recognizing+Crimea+as+Russian+territory%2C+lifting+sanctions&rft.date=2016-07-27&rft.aulast=Pager&rft.aufirst=Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F07%2Ftrump-crimea-sanctions-russia-226292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-597"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-597">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPanetta2018">Panetta, Grace (June 14, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6" rel="nofollow">"Trump reportedly claimed to leaders at the G7 that Crimea is part of Russia because everyone there speaks Russian"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Trump+reportedly+claimed+to+leaders+at+the+G7+that+Crimea+is+part+of+Russia+because+everyone+there+speaks+Russian&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft.aulast=Panetta&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ftrump-claims-crimea-is-part-of-russia-since-people-speak-russian-g7-summit-2018-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-598"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-598">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-ukraine/trump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY" rel="nofollow">"Trump expects Russia to return Crimea to Ukraine: White House"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. February 14, 2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+expects+Russia+to+return+Crimea+to+Ukraine%3A+White+House&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-russia-ukraine%2Ftrump-expects-russia-to-return-crimea-to-ukraine-white-house-idUSKBN15T2IY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-599"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-599">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBorakEgan2017">Borak, Donna; Egan, Matt (April 21, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2017/04/21/news/companies/trump-exxon-russia-sanctions/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump denies Exxon permission to drill for oil in Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+denies+Exxon+permission+to+drill+for+oil+in+Russia&rft.date=2017-04-21&rft.aulast=Borak&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.au=Egan%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2017%2F04%2F21%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Ftrump-exxon-russia-sanctions%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-600"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-600">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20191221-trump-approves-sanctions-builders-of-russia-to-europe-gas-pipelines-energy-security-germany-turkey-eu" rel="nofollow">"Trump approves sanctions on builders of Russia-to-Europe gas pipelines"</a>. France24. December 20, 2019.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+approves+sanctions+on+builders+of+Russia-to-Europe+gas+pipelines&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20191221-trump-approves-sanctions-builders-of-russia-to-europe-gas-pipelines-energy-security-germany-turkey-eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-601"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-601">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50875935" rel="nofollow">"Nord Stream 2: Trump approves sanctions on Russia gas pipeline"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. December 21, 2019.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nord+Stream+2%3A+Trump+approves+sanctions+on+Russia+gas+pipeline&rft.date=2019-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-50875935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-602"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-602">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPengelly2018">Pengelly, Martin (October 20, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/20/trump-us-nuclear-arms-treaty-russia" rel="nofollow">"Trump says US will withdraw from nuclear arms treaty with Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trump+says+US+will+withdraw+from+nuclear+arms+treaty+with+Russia&rft.date=2018-10-20&rft.aulast=Pengelly&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Foct%2F20%2Ftrump-us-nuclear-arms-treaty-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-603"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-603">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45931231" rel="nofollow">"Russia nuclear treaty: Gorbachev warns Trump plan will undermine disarmament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. October 21, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia+nuclear+treaty%3A+Gorbachev+warns+Trump+plan+will+undermine+disarmament&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-45931231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-BakerAugust10-604"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BakerAugust10_604-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBaker2017"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)" title="Peter Baker (journalist)">Baker, Peter</a> (August 10, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/10/world/europe/putin-trump-embassy-russia.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Praises Putin Instead of Critiquing Cuts to U.S. Embassy Staff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Praises+Putin+Instead+of+Critiquing+Cuts+to+U.S.+Embassy+Staff&rft.date=2017-08-10&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F10%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-trump-embassy-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-605"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-605">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFViebeckMarkonDeYoung2016">Viebeck, Elise; <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Markon" title="Jerry Markon">Markon, Jerry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karen_DeYoung" title="Karen DeYoung">DeYoung, Karen</a> (November 14, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/11/14/trump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists/" rel="nofollow">"Trump, Putin agree in phone call to improve 'unsatisfactory' relations between their countries, Kremlin says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump%2C+Putin+agree+in+phone+call+to+improve+%27unsatisfactory%27+relations+between+their+countries%2C+Kremlin+says&rft.date=2016-11-14&rft.aulast=Viebeck&rft.aufirst=Elise&rft.au=Markon%2C+Jerry&rft.au=DeYoung%2C+Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpowerpost%2Fwp%2F2016%2F11%2F14%2Ftrump-faces-backlash-over-appointing-bannon-as-a-top-aide-a-choice-critics-say-will-empower-white-nationalists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-606"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-606">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/02/politics/donald-trump-russia-sanctions-bill/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump signs bill approving new sanctions against Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. August 3, 2017.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+signs+bill+approving+new+sanctions+against+Russia&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F08%2F02%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-russia-sanctions-bill%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-zurcher-607"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zurcher_607-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFZurcher2018">Zurcher, Anthony (July 16, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44830012" rel="nofollow">"Trump-Putin summit: After Helsinki, the fallout at home"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Trump-Putin+summit%3A+After+Helsinki%2C+the+fallout+at+home&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft.aulast=Zurcher&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-44830012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-608"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-608">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCalamur2018">Calamur, Krishnadev (July 16, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/07/trump-putin/565238/" rel="nofollow">"Trump Sides With the Kremlin, Against the U.S. Government"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Trump+Sides+With+the+Kremlin%2C+Against+the+U.S.+Government&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft.aulast=Calamur&rft.aufirst=Krishnadev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2018%2F07%2Ftrump-putin%2F565238%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-break-609"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-break_609-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFox2018">Fox, Lauren (July 16, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/16/politics/congress-reaction-trump-putin-comments/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Top Republicans in Congress break with Trump over Putin comments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Top+Republicans+in+Congress+break+with+Trump+over+Putin+comments&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F07%2F16%2Fpolitics%2Fcongress-reaction-trump-putin-comments%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-610"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-610">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDeYoung2017"><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeYoung" title="Karen DeYoung">DeYoung, Karen</a> (November 8, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/white-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade/2017/11/08/a5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html" rel="nofollow">"White House implements new Cuba policy restricting travel and trade"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=White+House+implements+new+Cuba+policy+restricting+travel+and+trade&rft.date=2017-11-08&rft.aulast=DeYoung&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fwhite-house-implements-new-cuba-policy-restricting-travel-and-trade%2F2017%2F11%2F08%2Fa5597dee-c49b-11e7-aae0-cb18a8c29c65_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-611"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-611">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFJohnsonWagner2017">Johnson, Jenna; Wagner, John (August 11, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/08/11/trump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela/" rel="nofollow">"Trump won't 'rule out a military option' in Venezuela"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+won%27t+%27rule+out+a+military+option%27+in+Venezuela&rft.date=2017-08-11&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2017%2F08%2F11%2Ftrump-wont-rule-out-a-military-option-in-venezuela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-612"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-612">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWroughtonEllsworth2018">Wroughton, Lesley; Ellsworth, Brian (September 25, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-venezuela/u-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC" rel="nofollow">"U.S. sanctions Venezuela officials, Trump slams Maduro"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+sanctions+Venezuela+officials%2C+Trump+slams+Maduro&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft.aulast=Wroughton&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft.au=Ellsworth%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-venezuela%2Fu-s-sanctions-venezuela-officials-trump-slams-maduro-idUSKCN1M51WC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-613"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-613">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-24/venezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states/10744854" rel="nofollow">"Venezuela's President breaks diplomatic relations with US over Donald Trump's support of Opposition Leader"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>/<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">AP</a>. January 24, 2019.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Venezuela%27s+President+breaks+diplomatic+relations+with+US+over+Donald+Trump%27s+support+of+Opposition+Leader&rft.date=2019-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-01-24%2Fvenezuela-breaking-diplomatic-ties-with-united-states%2F10744854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-614"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-614">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSangerHaberman2016"><a href="/wiki/David_E._Sanger" title="David E. Sanger">Sanger, David E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (July 20, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/21/us/politics/donald-trump-issues.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Sets Conditions for Defending NATO Allies Against Attack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Sets+Conditions+for+Defending+NATO+Allies+Against+Attack&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-issues.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-615"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-615">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2016/05/whats-trumps-position-on-nato/" rel="nofollow">"What's Trump's Position on NATO?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=What%27s+Trump%27s+Position+on+NATO%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2016%2F05%2Fwhats-trumps-position-on-nato%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-616"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-616">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655" rel="nofollow">"Trump supports NATO, but Senate holds up expansion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. March 1, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Trump+supports+NATO%2C+but+Senate+holds+up+expansion&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fdonald-trump-senate-nato-russia-republicans-562655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-618"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-618">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarnesCooper2019">Barnes, Julian E.; <a href="/wiki/Helene_Cooper" title="Helene Cooper">Cooper, Helene</a> (January 14, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-president-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Discussed Pulling U.S. From NATO, Aides Say Amid New Concerns Over Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Discussed+Pulling+U.S.+From+NATO%2C+Aides+Say+Amid+New+Concerns+Over+Russia&rft.date=2019-01-14&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Julian+E.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Helene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F14%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fnato-president-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-619"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-619">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMorin2019">Morin, Rebecca (January 17, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/trump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846" rel="nofollow">"Trump: We will be with NATO '100 percent<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+We+will+be+with+NATO+%27100+percent%27&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft.aulast=Morin&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2019%2F01%2F17%2Ftrump-nato-alliance-pentagon-1108846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Trimble-620"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trimble_620-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTrimble2017">Trimble, Megan (December 28, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2017-12-28/trumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years" rel="nofollow">"Trump White House Has Highest Turnover in 40 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Trump+White+House+Has+Highest+Turnover+in+40+Years&rft.date=2017-12-28&rft.aulast=Trimble&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational-news%2Farticles%2F2017-12-28%2Ftrumps-white-house-has-highest-turnover-rate-in-40-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Wise_-180702-621"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wise_-180702_621-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWise2018">Wise, Justin (July 2, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover" rel="nofollow">"AP: Trump admin sets record for White House turnover"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=AP%3A+Trump+admin+sets+record+for+White+House+turnover&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2F395222-ap-trump-admin-sets-record-for-white-house-turnover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-622"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-622">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396" rel="nofollow">"Trump White House sets turnover records, analysis shows"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. July 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+White+House+sets+turnover+records%2C+analysis+shows&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house%2Ftrump-white-house-sets-turnover-records-analysis-shows-n888396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Keith-623"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Keith_623-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Keith_623-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKeith">Keith, Tamara. <a class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/03/07/591372397/white-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left" rel="nofollow">"White House Staff Turnover Was Already Record-Setting. Then More Advisers Left"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=White+House+Staff+Turnover+Was+Already+Record-Setting.+Then+More+Advisers+Left&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F03%2F07%2F591372397%2Fwhite-house-staff-turnover-was-already-record-setting-then-more-advisers-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Baker-624"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baker_624-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBakerHaberman"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)" title="Peter Baker (journalist)">Baker, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a>. <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/us/politics/reince-priebus-white-house-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Reince Priebus Pushed Out After Rocky Tenure as Trump Chief of Staff"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reince+Priebus+Pushed+Out+After+Rocky+Tenure+as+Trump+Chief+of+Staff&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F28%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Freince-priebus-white-house-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Brookings-625"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_625-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookings_625-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.brookings.edu/research/tracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration/" rel="nofollow">"Tracking Turnover in the Trump Administration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a></i>. March 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brookings+Institution&rft.atitle=Tracking+Turnover+in+the+Trump+Administration&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fresearch%2Ftracking-turnover-in-the-trump-administration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-626"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-626">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRogersCook2020">Rogers, Katie; Cook, Annie (April 23, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/us/politics/coronavirus-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Home Alone at the White House: A Sour President, With TV His Constant Companion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Home+Alone+at+the+White+House%3A+A+Sour+President%2C+With+TV+His+Constant+Companion&rft.date=2020-04-23&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Cook%2C+Annie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcoronavirus-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-627"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-627">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCillizza2020">Cillizza, Chris (June 19, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/06/19/politics/trump-mulvaney-bolton-hiring/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump makes terrible hires, according to Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+makes+terrible+hires%2C+according+to+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2020-06-19&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F06%2F19%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-mulvaney-bolton-hiring%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-628"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-628">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLichtblau2016"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Lichtblau" title="Eric Lichtblau">Lichtblau, Eric</a> (November 18, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/us/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html" rel="nofollow">"Jeff Sessions, as Attorney General, Could Overhaul Department He's Skewered"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jeff+Sessions%2C+as+Attorney+General%2C+Could+Overhaul+Department+He%27s+Skewered&rft.date=2016-11-18&rft.aulast=Lichtblau&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F11%2F19%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fjeff-sessions-donald-trump-attorney-general.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-629"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-629">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-38141686" rel="nofollow">"Former US banker Steve Mnuchin confirms he will be US treasury secretary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. November 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Former+US+banker+Steve+Mnuchin+confirms+he+will+be+US+treasury+secretary&rft.date=2016-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-38141686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-630"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-630">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLamothe">Lamothe, Dan. <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 1,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+has+chosen+retired+Marine+Gen.+James+Mattis+for+secretary+of+defense&rft.aulast=Lamothe&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Ftrump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense%2F2016%2F12%2F01%2F6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-631"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-631">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFShearHaberman2016"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a> (December 12, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/12/us/politics/rex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Rex Tillerson, Exxon C.E.O., chosen as Secretary of State"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rex+Tillerson%2C+Exxon+C.E.O.%2C+chosen+as+Secretary+of+State&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Haberman%2C+Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F12%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Frex-tillerson-secretary-of-state-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-632"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-632">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGabriel2016">Gabriel, Trip (December 5, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/05/us/politics/ben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Chooses Ben Carson to Lead HUD"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Chooses+Ben+Carson+to+Lead+HUD&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Trip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F12%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fben-carson-housing-urban-development-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Grauniad-Right-678"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grauniad-Right_678-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWilson2020">Wilson, Jason (April 17, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/17/far-right-coronavirus-protests-restrictions" rel="nofollow">"The rightwing groups behind wave of protests against Covid-19 restrictions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+rightwing+groups+behind+wave+of+protests+against+Covid-19+restrictions&rft.date=2020-04-17&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fapr%2F17%2Ffar-right-coronavirus-protests-restrictions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-694"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-694">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBaumgaertnerRainey2020">Baumgaertner, Emily; Rainey, James (April 2, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/science/story/2020-04-02/coronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection" rel="nofollow">"Trump administration ended pandemic early-warning program to detect coronaviruses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+ended+pandemic+early-warning+program+to+detect+coronaviruses&rft.date=2020-04-02&rft.aulast=Baumgaertner&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.au=Rainey%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fscience%2Fstory%2F2020-04-02%2Fcoronavirus-trump-pandemic-program-viruses-detection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-695"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-695">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCohen2020">Cohen, Zachary (April 10, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/10/politics/trump-usaid-prevent-program-coronavirus/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump administration shuttered pandemic monitoring program, then scrambled to extend it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+shuttered+pandemic+monitoring+program%2C+then+scrambled+to+extend+it&rft.date=2020-04-10&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F04%2F10%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-usaid-prevent-program-coronavirus%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-696"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-696">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAratani2020">Aratani, Lauren (May 5, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/05/white-house-coronavirus-taskforce-winding-down-why" rel="nofollow">"Why is the White House winding down the coronavirus taskforce?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+White+House+winding+down+the+coronavirus+taskforce%3F&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Aratani&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F05%2Fwhite-house-coronavirus-taskforce-winding-down-why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-697"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-697">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52563577" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus: Trump says virus task force to focus on reopening economy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. May 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+Trump+says+virus+task+force+to+focus+on+reopening+economy&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-52563577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-698"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-698">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLiptak2020">Liptak, Kevin (May 6, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/06/politics/trump-task-force-vaccine/index.html" rel="nofollow">"In reversal, Trump says task force will continue 'indefinitely' – eyes vaccine czar"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=In+reversal%2C+Trump+says+task+force+will+continue+%27indefinitely%27+%E2%80%93+eyes+vaccine+czar&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F06%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-task-force-vaccine%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-699"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-699">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAcostaLiptakWestwood2020"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Acosta" title="Jim Acosta">Acosta, Jim</a>; Liptak, Kevin; Westwood, Sarah (May 29, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/28/politics/donald-trump-coronavirus-task-force/index.html" rel="nofollow">"As US deaths top 100,000, Trump's coronavirus task force is curtailed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=As+US+deaths+top+100%2C000%2C+Trump%27s+coronavirus+task+force+is+curtailed&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft.aulast=Acosta&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Liptak%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Westwood%2C+Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F28%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-coronavirus-task-force%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-700"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-700">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBlake2020">Blake, Aaron (July 6, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/06/trump-throws-caution-wind-coronavirus/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump, coronavirus truther"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump%2C+coronavirus+truther&rft.date=2020-07-06&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F07%2F06%2Ftrump-throws-caution-wind-coronavirus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-702"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-702">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKanno-YoungsBenner2020"><a href="/wiki/Zolan_Kanno-Youngs" title="Zolan Kanno-Youngs">Kanno-Youngs, Zolan</a>; Benner, Katie (June 2, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/02/us/politics/trump-law-enforcement-protests.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Deploys the Full Might of Federal Law Enforcement to Crush Protests"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Deploys+the+Full+Might+of+Federal+Law+Enforcement+to+Crush+Protests&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.aulast=Kanno-Youngs&rft.aufirst=Zolan&rft.au=Benner%2C+Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-law-enforcement-protests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wb-703"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wb_703-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wb_703-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wb_703-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLeonnigZapotoskyDawseyTan2020"><a href="/wiki/Carol_D._Leonnig" title="Carol D. Leonnig">Leonnig, Carol D.</a>; Zapotosky, Matt; <a href="/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a>; Tan, Rebecca (June 2, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/barr-personally-ordered-removal-of-protesters-near-white-house-leading-to-use-of-force-against-largely-peaceful-crowd/2020/06/02/0ca2417c-a4d5-11ea-b473-04905b1af82b_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Barr personally ordered removal of protesters near White House, leading to use of force against largely peaceful crowd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Barr+personally+ordered+removal+of+protesters+near+White+House%2C+leading+to+use+of+force+against+largely+peaceful+crowd&rft.date=2020-06-02&rft.aulast=Leonnig&rft.aufirst=Carol+D.&rft.au=Zapotosky%2C+Matt&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft.au=Tan%2C+Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fbarr-personally-ordered-removal-of-protesters-near-white-house-leading-to-use-of-force-against-largely-peaceful-crowd%2F2020%2F06%2F02%2F0ca2417c-a4d5-11ea-b473-04905b1af82b_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-709"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-709">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFStablefordWilson2020">Stableford, Dylan; Wilson, Christopher (June 3, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/religious-leaders-condemn-gassing-protesters-to-clear-street-for-trump-192800782.html" rel="nofollow">"Religious leaders condemn teargassing protesters to clear street for Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=Religious+leaders+condemn+teargassing+protesters+to+clear+street+for+Trump&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Freligious-leaders-condemn-gassing-protesters-to-clear-street-for-trump-192800782.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-710"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-710">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/252914f8a989a740544be6d4992d044c" rel="nofollow">"Scores of retired military leaders publicly denounce Trump"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>. June 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Scores+of+retired+military+leaders+publicly+denounce+Trump&rft.date=2020-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F252914f8a989a740544be6d4992d044c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-apology-711"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-apology_711-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLamothe2020">Lamothe, Dan (June 11, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/06/11/pentagons-top-general-apologizes-appearing-alongside-trump-lafayette-square/" rel="nofollow">"Pentagon's top general apologizes for appearing alongside Trump in Lafayette Square/"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Pentagon%27s+top+general+apologizes+for+appearing+alongside+Trump+in+Lafayette+Square%2F&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Lamothe&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fpentagons-top-general-apologizes-appearing-alongside-trump-lafayette-square%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-712"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-712">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBernstein2019">Bernstein, Jonathan (May 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-05-22/donald-trump-should-worry-about-his-approval-rating" rel="nofollow">"Trump Should Worry About His Approval Rating"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Trump+Should+Worry+About+His+Approval+Rating&rft.date=2019-05-22&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2019-05-22%2Fdonald-trump-should-worry-about-his-approval-rating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-713"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-713">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKwong2019">Kwong, Jessica (January 16, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump Approval Rating Average in First Two Years is Lowest For Any President Since World War II"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+Approval+Rating+Average+in+First+Two+Years+is+Lowest+For+Any+President+Since+World+War+II&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.aulast=Kwong&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fdonald-trump-average-approval-rating-first-two-years-lowest-any-president-1293785&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-714"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-714">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/245567/trump-approval-stable-approval-prior-presidents.aspx" rel="nofollow">"Trump Approval More Stable Than Approval for Prior Presidents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a></i>. December 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Trump+Approval+More+Stable+Than+Approval+for+Prior+Presidents&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.gallup.com%2Fopinion%2Fpolling-matters%2F245567%2Ftrump-approval-stable-approval-prior-presidents.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-715"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-715">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSamuels2020">Samuels, Brett (February 24, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/481360-trump-hits-highest-gallup-approval-rating-of-his-presidency" rel="nofollow">"Trump hits highest Gallup approval rating of his presidency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Trump+hits+highest+Gallup+approval+rating+of+his+presidency&rft.date=2020-02-24&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F481360-trump-hits-highest-gallup-approval-rating-of-his-presidency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-716"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-716">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSkelley2019">Skelley, Geoffrey (March 28, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/trumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal/" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Approval Rating Is Incredibly Steady. Is That Weird Or The New Normal?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Approval+Rating+Is+Incredibly+Steady.+Is+That+Weird+Or+The+New+Normal%3F&rft.date=2019-03-28&rft.aulast=Skelley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Ftrumps-approval-rating-is-incredibly-steady-is-that-weird-or-the-new-normal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-717"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-717">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/presidential-approval-poll-tracker-n1102776" rel="nofollow">"Trump's approval rating steady despite impeachment: NBC News/Wall Street Journal polls"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. December 17, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+approval+rating+steady+despite+impeachment%3A+NBC+News%2FWall+Street+Journal+polls&rft.date=2019-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fwhite-house%2Fpresidential-approval-poll-tracker-n1102776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-725"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-725">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSingletary">Singletary, Michelle. <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/03/15/trump-dumped-secretary-of-state-rex-tillerson-in-a-tweet-whats-the-worst-way-youve-been-fired/" rel="nofollow">"Trump dumped Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in a tweet. What's the worst way you've been fired?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+dumped+Secretary+of+State+Rex+Tillerson+in+a+tweet.+What%27s+the+worst+way+you%27ve+been+fired%3F&rft.aulast=Singletary&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fget-there%2Fwp%2F2018%2F03%2F15%2Ftrump-dumped-secretary-of-state-rex-tillerson-in-a-tweet-whats-the-worst-way-youve-been-fired%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYT-20170427-726"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20170427_726-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFQiu2017">Qiu, Linda (April 27, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html" rel="nofollow">"Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fact-Checking+President+Trump+Through+His+First+100+Days&rft.date=2017-04-27&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-WP-20170501-727"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WP-20170501_727-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerLee2017"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (May 1, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/" rel="nofollow">"Fact Checker Analysis – President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Fact+Checker+Analysis+%E2%80%93+President+Trump%27s+first+100+days%3A+The+fact+check+tally&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Lee%2C+Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fpresident-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-CT-20170624-728"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CT-20170624_728-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDrinkardWoodward2017">Drinkard, Jim; Woodward, Calvin (June 24, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/factcheck/ct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html" rel="nofollow">"Fact check: Trump's missions unaccomplished despite his claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Fact+check%3A+Trump%27s+missions+unaccomplished+despite+his+claims&rft.date=2017-06-24&rft.aulast=Drinkard&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Woodward%2C+Calvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fpolitics%2Ffactcheck%2Fct-fact-check-trump-missions-20170624-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Twitter_refutes-729"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Twitter_refutes_729-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCongerAlba2020">Conger, Kate; Alba, Davey (May 26, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/technology/twitter-trump-mail-in-ballots.html" rel="nofollow">"Twitter Refutes Inaccuracies in Trump's Tweets About Mail-In Voting"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Twitter+Refutes+Inaccuracies+in+Trump%27s+Tweets+About+Mail-In+Voting&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.aulast=Conger&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Alba%2C+Davey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F26%2Ftechnology%2Ftwitter-trump-mail-in-ballots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-first_label-730"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-first_label_730-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDwoskin2020">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (May 27, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/26/trump-twitter-label-fact-check/" rel="nofollow">"Twitter labels Trump's tweets with a fact check for the first time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter+labels+Trump%27s+tweets+with+a+fact+check+for+the+first+time&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F26%2Ftrump-twitter-label-fact-check%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-second_label-731"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-second_label_731-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDwoskin2020">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (May 30, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/29/inside-twitter-trump-label/" rel="nofollow">"Twitter's decision to label Trump`s tweets was two years in the making"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Twitter%27s+decision+to+label+Trump%60s+tweets+was+two+years+in+the+making&rft.date=2020-05-30&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F29%2Finside-twitter-trump-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-lashing_out-732"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lashing_out_732-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDwoskin2020">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (June 14, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/27/trump-twitter-label/" rel="nofollow">"Trump lashes out at social media companies after Twitter labels tweets with fact checks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+lashes+out+at+social+media+companies+after+Twitter+labels+tweets+with+fact+checks&rft.date=2020-06-14&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Ftechnology%2F2020%2F05%2F27%2Ftrump-twitter-label%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kessler.FMC-733"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kessler.FMC_733-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (July 13, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-20000-false-or-misleading-claims/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has made more than 20,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+20%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2020-07-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F07%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-20000-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-TorontoStar_20190605-734"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar_20190605_734-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDale2019"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dale" title="Daniel Dale">Dale, Daniel</a> (June 5, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2019/06/05/donald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump has now said more than 5,000 false things as president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+now+said+more+than+5%2C000+false+things+as+president&rft.date=2019-06-05&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fanalysis%2F2019%2F06%2F05%2Fdonald-trump-has-now-said-more-than-5000-false-claims-as-president.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dale_20200309-735"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dale_20200309_735-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDale2020">Dale, Daniel (March 9, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ddale8/status/1237083913496989702" rel="nofollow">"Trump is averaging about 59 false claims per week since ... July 8, 2019"</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+is+averaging+about+59+false+claims+per+week+since+...+July+8%2C+2019.&rft.date=2020-03-09&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fddale8%2Fstatus%2F1237083913496989702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/> (<a class="external text" href="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/ESsA5nTXYAA562e?format=png" rel="nofollow">direct link to chart image</a>)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Qiu-736"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_736-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qiu_736-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFQiu2017">Qiu, Linda (April 29, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/29/us/politics/fact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html" rel="nofollow">"Fact-Checking President Trump Through His First 100 Days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fact-Checking+President+Trump+Through+His+First+100+Days&rft.date=2017-04-29&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F04%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffact-checking-president-trump-through-his-first-100-days.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-KesslerLee-737"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KesslerLee_737-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerLee2017"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (May 1, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/05/01/president-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump's first 100 days: The fact check tally"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump%27s+first+100+days%3A+The+fact+check+tally&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Lee%2C+Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fpresident-trumps-first-100-days-the-fact-check-tally%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-738"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-738">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFQiu2017">Qiu, Linda (June 22, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/22/us/politics/factcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html" rel="nofollow">"In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+One+Rally%2C+12+Inaccurate+Claims+From+Trump&rft.date=2017-06-22&rft.aulast=Qiu&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F06%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ffactcheck-donald-trump-iowa-rally.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-unprecedenteduntruths-739"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unprecedenteduntruths_739-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<ul><li><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFMcGranahan2017">McGranahan, Carole (May 2017). "An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage". <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/American_Ethnologist" title="American Ethnologist">American Ethnologist</a></i>. <b>44</b> (2): 243–248. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Famet.12475" rel="nofollow">10.1111/amet.12475</a>. <q>It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Ethnologist&rft.atitle=An+anthropology+of+lying%3A+Trump+and+the+political+sociality+of+moral+outrage&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=243-248&rft.date=2017-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Famet.12475&rft.aulast=McGranahan&rft.aufirst=Carole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFStolberg2017"><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Gay_Stolberg" title="Sheryl Gay Stolberg">Stolberg, Sheryl Gay</a> (August 7, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/us/politics/lies-trump-obama-mislead.html" rel="nofollow">"Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer <a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> once called 'the conflict between truth and politics' to an entirely new level.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Many+Politicians+Lie.+But+Trump+Has+Elevated+the+Art+of+Fabrication.&rft.date=2017-08-07&rft.aulast=Stolberg&rft.aufirst=Sheryl+Gay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F08%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Flies-trump-obama-mislead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKessler2018"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a> (December 30, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/30/year-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day/" rel="nofollow">"A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2019</span>. <q>'When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?' presidential historian <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Michael_R._Beschloss" title="Michael R. Beschloss">Michael R. Beschloss</a> said of Trump in 2018.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+year+of+unprecedented+deception%3A+Trump+averaged+15+false+claims+a+day+in+2018&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F12%2F30%2Fyear-unprecedented-deception-trump-averaged-false-claims-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarabak2017">Barabak, Mark Z. (February 6, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html" rel="nofollow">"There's a long history of presidential untruths. Here's why Donald Trump is 'in a class by himself<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2019</span>. <q>White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations – on matters large and wincingly small – place him 'in a class by himself', as Texas A&M's <a href="/wiki/George_C._Edwards_III" title="George C. Edwards III">George Edwards</a> put it.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=There%27s+a+long+history+of+presidential+untruths.+Here%27s+why+Donald+Trump+is+%27in+a+class+by+himself%27&rft.date=2017-02-06&rft.aulast=Barabak&rft.aufirst=Mark+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-trump-presidential-lies-2017-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFDale2017"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dale" title="Daniel Dale">Dale, Daniel</a> (December 22, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/world/analysis/2017/12/22/donald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn't worked"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>'We've had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we've never had a serial liar before. And that's what we're dealing with here,' said <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Brinkley" title="Douglas Brinkley">Douglas Brinkley</a>, the prominent Rice University presidential historian.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump+has+spent+a+year+lying+shamelessly.+It+hasn%27t+worked&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fanalysis%2F2017%2F12%2F22%2Fdonald-trump-has-spent-a-year-lying-shamelessly-it-hasnt-worked.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFCillizza2018"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cillizza" title="Chris Cillizza">Cillizza, Chris</a> (May 9, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2018/05/01/politics/donald-trump-3000/index.html" rel="nofollow">"President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We've never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth ... The sheer rate of Trump's untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=President+Trump+lied+more+than+3%2C000+times+in+466+days&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.aulast=Cillizza&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F05%2F01%2Fpolitics%2Fdonald-trump-3000%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFSkjeseth2017">Skjeseth, Heidi Taksdal (2017). <a class="external text" href="https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-10/Taksdal%20Skjeseth%2C%20All%20the%20President%27s%20Lies%20-%20Media%20Coverage%20of%20lies%20in%20the%20US%20and%20France.pdf" rel="nofollow">"All the president's lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Journalism" title="Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism">Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism</a></i>. <q>...<span class="nowrap"> </span>a president who is delivering untruths on an unprecedented scale. Mr Trump did this both while running for president, and he has continued to do so in office. There is no precedent for this amount of untruths in the U.S.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Journalism&rft.atitle=All+the+president%27s+lies%3A+Media+coverage+of+lies+in+the+US+and+France&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Skjeseth&rft.aufirst=Heidi+Taksdal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2017-10%2FTaksdal%2520Skjeseth%252C%2520All%2520the%2520President%2527s%2520Lies%2520-%2520Media%2520Coverage%2520of%2520lies%2520in%2520the%2520US%2520and%2520France.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFStern2019">Stern, Donnel (May 9, 2019). "Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference". <i>Psychoanalytic Dialogues</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 189–196. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996" rel="nofollow">10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996</a>. <q>Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Poisoned_the_well" title="Poisoned the well">poisoned the well</a> [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychoanalytic+Dialogues&rft.atitle=Constructivism+in+the+Age+of+Trump%3A+Truth%2C+Lies%2C+and+Knowing+the+Difference&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=189-196&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10481885.2019.1587996&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Donnel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGrosz2019">Grosz, Stephen (January 9, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/b752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e" rel="nofollow">"The real reason Donald Trump lies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2019</span>. <q>We all lie, but we don't lie like President Trump. He is the most extravagant, reckless, inexhaustible fibber of our era.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+real+reason+Donald+Trump+lies&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Grosz&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fb752121c-127a-11e9-a581-4ff78404524e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-Glasser-180803-740"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glasser-180803_740-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGlasser2018"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Glasser" title="Susan Glasser">Glasser, Susan</a> (August 3, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-trumps-washington/trumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose" rel="nofollow">"It's True: Trump Is Lying More, and He's Doing It on Purpose"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=It%27s+True%3A+Trump+Is+Lying+More%2C+and+He%27s+Doing+It+on+Purpose&rft.date=2018-08-03&rft.aulast=Glasser&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fletter-from-trumps-washington%2Ftrumps-escalating-war-on-the-truth-is-on-purpose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-741"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-741">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFinnegan">Finnegan, Michael. <a class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html" rel="nofollow">"Scope of Trump's falsehoods unprecedented for a modern presidential candidate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Scope+of+Trump%27s+falsehoods+unprecedented+for+a+modern+presidential+candidate&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fpolitics%2Fla-na-pol-trump-false-statements-20160925-snap-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-742"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-742">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.factcheck.org/2015/12/the-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump/" rel="nofollow">"The 'King of Whoppers': Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FactCheck.org" title="FactCheck.org">FactCheck.org</a></i>. December 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2019</span>. <q>In the 12 years of FactCheck.org's existence, we've never seen his match.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FactCheck.org&rft.atitle=The+%27King+of+Whoppers%27%3A+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2015-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factcheck.org%2F2015%2F12%2Fthe-king-of-whoppers-donald-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-743"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-743">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLeeKesslerKelly2017">Lee, Michelle Ye Hee; <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Kelly, Meg (October 10, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/10/10/president-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has made 1,318 false or misleading claims over 263 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+1%2C318+false+or+misleading+claims+over+263+days&rft.date=2017-10-10&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Ye+Hee&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Glenn&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Ffact-checker%2Fwp%2F2017%2F10%2F10%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-1318-false-or-misleading-claims-over-263-days&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Kessler-190429-744"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kessler-190429_744-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2019"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (April 29, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/29/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has made more than 10,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+10%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F04%2F29%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-745"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-745">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (November 2, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/02/president-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has made 6,420 false or misleading claims over 649 days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+6%2C420+false+or+misleading+claims+over+649+days&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F11%2F02%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-false-or-misleading-claims-over-days%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-746"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-746">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (September 13, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/09/13/president-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump has made more than 5,000 false or misleading claims"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+has+made+more+than+5%2C000+false+or+misleading+claims&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F09%2F13%2Fpresident-trump-has-made-more-than-false-or-misleading-claims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-747"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-747">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Kessler_(journalist)" title="Glenn Kessler (journalist)">Kessler, Glenn</a>; Rizzo, Salvador; Kelly, Meg (January 20, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/01/20/president-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years/" rel="nofollow">"President Trump made 16,241 false or misleading claims in his first three years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=President+Trump+made+16%2C241+false+or+misleading+claims+in+his+first+three+years&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft.au=Rizzo%2C+Salvador&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F01%2F20%2Fpresident-trump-made-16241-false-or-misleading-claims-his-first-three-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Rein_3/6/2017-749"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rein_3/6/2017_749-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRein2017">Rein, Lisa (March 6, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/" rel="nofollow">"Here are the photos that show Obama's inauguration crowd was bigger than Trump's"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307222653/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2017/03/06/here-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps/" rel="nofollow">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Here+are+the+photos+that+show+Obama%27s+inauguration+crowd+was+bigger+than+Trump%27s&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Rein&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpowerpost%2Fwp%2F2017%2F03%2F06%2Fhere-are-the-photos-that-show-obamas-inauguration-crowd-was-bigger-than-trumps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200319washingtonpost-750"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200319washingtonpost_750-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNisen2020">Nisen, Max (March 19, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/trump-is-overhyping-unproven-coronavirus-drugs/2020/03/19/ed1ff4e2-6a1a-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Is Overhyping Unproven Coronavirus Drugs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+Is+Overhyping+Unproven+Coronavirus+Drugs&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft.aulast=Nisen&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Ftrump-is-overhyping-unproven-coronavirus-drugs%2F2020%2F03%2F19%2Fed1ff4e2-6a1a-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-March19Briefing-751"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-March19Briefing_751-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-6/" rel="nofollow">"Remarks by President Trump, Vice President Pence, and Members of the Coronavirus Task Force in Press Briefing"</a>. White House<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remarks+by+President+Trump%2C+Vice+President+Pence%2C+and+Members+of+the+Coronavirus+Task+Force+in+Press+Briefing&rft.pub=White+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefings-statements%2Fremarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-6%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-M.Spring-752"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M.Spring_752-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFSpring2020">Spring, Marianna (May 27, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-52731624" rel="nofollow">"Coronavirus: The human cost of virus misinformation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Coronavirus%3A+The+human+cost+of+virus+misinformation&rft.date=2020-05-27&rft.aulast=Spring&rft.aufirst=Marianna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fstories-52731624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20200323washingtonpost-753"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20200323washingtonpost_753-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRowland2020">Rowland, Christopher (March 23, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/20/hospitals-doctors-are-wiping-out-supplies-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment/" rel="nofollow">"As Trump touts an unproven coronavirus treatment, supplies evaporate for patients who need those drugs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=As+Trump+touts+an+unproven+coronavirus+treatment%2C+supplies+evaporate+for+patients+who+need+those+drugs&rft.date=2020-03-23&rft.aulast=Rowland&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2020%2F03%2F20%2Fhospitals-doctors-are-wiping-out-supplies-an-unproven-coronavirus-treatment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-wsj1158498189-754"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wsj1158498189_754-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFParkinsonGauthier-Villars2020">Parkinson, Joe; Gauthier-Villars, David (March 23, 2020). <span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-claim-that-malaria-drugs-treat-coronavirus-sparks-warnings-shortages-11584981897" rel="nofollow">"Trump Claim That Malaria Drugs Treat Coronavirus Sparks Warnings, Shortages"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Trump+Claim+That+Malaria+Drugs+Treat+Coronavirus+Sparks+Warnings%2C+Shortages&rft.date=2020-03-23&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Gauthier-Villars%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ftrump-claim-that-malaria-drugs-treat-coronavirus-sparks-warnings-shortages-11584981897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Atterbury-Dixon-755"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Atterbury-Dixon_755-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFAtterburyDixon2020">Atterbury, Andrew; Dixon, Matt (June 11, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2020/06/11/florida-ordered-1-million-doses-of-a-trump-touted-drug-hospitals-didnt-want-it-1292638" rel="nofollow">"Florida ordered 1M doses of a Trump-touted drug. Hospitals didn't want it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Florida+ordered+1M+doses+of+a+Trump-touted+drug.+Hospitals+didn%27t+want+it&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Atterbury&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Dixon%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstates%2Fflorida%2Fstory%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fflorida-ordered-1-million-doses-of-a-trump-touted-drug-hospitals-didnt-want-it-1292638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-DBouder-759"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DBouder_759-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBouder_759-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBouder_759-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DBouder_759-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBouder2018">Bouder, David (August 29, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/88675d3fdd674c7c9ec70f170f6e4a1a/News-media-hesitate-to-use-'lie'-for-Trump's-misstatements" rel="nofollow">"News media hesitate to use 'lie' for Trump's misstatements"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=News+media+hesitate+to+use+%27lie%27+for+Trump%27s+misstatements&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.aulast=Bouder&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F88675d3fdd674c7c9ec70f170f6e4a1a%2FNews-media-hesitate-to-use-%27lie%27-for-Trump%27s-misstatements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-GKessler-760"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GKessler_760-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKessler2018">Kessler, Glenn (August 23, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/08/23/not-just-misleading-not-merely-false-lie/" rel="nofollow">"Not just misleading. Not merely false. A lie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Not+just+misleading.+Not+merely+false.+A+lie.&rft.date=2018-08-23&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2018%2F08%2F23%2Fnot-just-misleading-not-merely-false-lie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SBecket-761"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SBecket_761-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBecket2020">Becket, Stefan (June 7, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/colin-powell-endorsement-joe-biden-trump-cnn/" rel="nofollow">"Colin Powell announces he'll vote for Biden, saying Trump "lies all the time<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Colin+Powell+announces+he%27ll+vote+for+Biden%2C+saying+Trump+%22lies+all+the+time%22&rft.date=2020-06-07&rft.aulast=Becket&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcolin-powell-endorsement-joe-biden-trump-cnn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-MTomasky-762"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MTomasky_762-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFTomasky2020"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tomasky" title="Michael Tomasky">Tomasky, Michael</a> (June 11, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/opinion/trump-lies.html" rel="nofollow">"Why Does Trump Lie?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Does+Trump+Lie%3F&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Tomasky&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fopinion%2Ftrump-lies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Pfiffner-763"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pfiffner_763-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPfiffner2019">Pfiffner, James P. (2019). "The Lies of Donald Trump: A Taxonomy". In Lamb, Charles M.; Neiheisel, Jacob R. (eds.). <a class="external text" href="https://pfiffner.gmu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Pfiffner-The-Lies-of-Donald-Trump-A-Taxonomy.pdf" rel="nofollow"><i>Presidential Leadership and the Trump Presidency: Executive Power and Democratic Government</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–40. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-18979-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-18979-2"><bdi>978-3-030-18979-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lies+of+Donald+Trump%3A+A+Taxonomy&rft.btitle=Presidential+Leadership+and+the+Trump+Presidency%3A+Executive+Power+and+Democratic+Government&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17-40&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-3-030-18979-2&rft.aulast=Pfiffner&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpfiffner.gmu.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F11%2FPfiffner-The-Lies-of-Donald-Trump-A-Taxonomy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Parnes-764"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Parnes_764-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFParnes2018">Parnes, Amy (April 28, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press" rel="nofollow">"Trump's love-hate relationship with the press"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+love-hate+relationship+with+the+press&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Parnes&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fadministration%2F385245-trumps-love-hate-relationship-with-the-press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Ingram-160301-765"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ingram-160301_765-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFIngram2016">Ingram, Mathew (March 1, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://fortune.com/2016/03/01/media-love-hate-trump/" rel="nofollow">"Love and Hate: The Media's Co-Dependent Relationship With Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Love+and+Hate%3A+The+Media%27s+Co-Dependent+Relationship+With+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Ingram&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2016%2F03%2F01%2Fmedia-love-hate-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-AN-170124-766"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AN-170124_766-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFlanagan2017">Flanagan, Ben (January 24, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.arabnews.com/node/1043476/science-technology" rel="nofollow">"Trump's love-hate relationship with media intensifies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arab_News" title="Arab News">Arab News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+love-hate+relationship+with+media+intensifies&rft.date=2017-01-24&rft.aulast=Flanagan&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1043476%2Fscience-technology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dantonio-160710-767"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dantonio-160710_767-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation interview cs1" id="CITEREFD'Antonio2016">D'Antonio, Michael (July 10, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/10/opinions/donald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Who is Donald Trump?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i> (Interview)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Who+is+Donald+Trump%3F&rft.date=2016-07-10&rft.aulast=D%27Antonio&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2016%2F07%2F10%2Fopinions%2Fdonald-trump-biography-michael-dantonio%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-768"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-768">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFFeldman2018">Feldman, Josh (July 24, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.mediaite.com/tv/bret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself/" rel="nofollow">"Bret Baier: Trump Likes Trolling the Left to Watch 'Heads Explode', Even If He Contradicts Himself"</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bret+Baier%3A+Trump+Likes+Trolling+the+Left+to+Watch+%27Heads+Explode%27%2C+Even+If+He+Contradicts+Himself&rft.date=2018-07-24&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaite.com%2Ftv%2Fbret-baier-trump-likes-trolling-the-left-to-watch-heads-explode-even-if-he-contradicts-himself%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-769"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-769">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFLeibovich2018"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Leibovich" title="Mark Leibovich">Leibovich, Mark</a> (August 7, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/07/magazine/paul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html" rel="nofollow">"This Is the Way Paul Ryan's Speakership Ends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Is+the+Way+Paul+Ryan%27s+Speakership+Ends&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft.aulast=Leibovich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F07%2Fmagazine%2Fpaul-ryan-speakership-end-trump.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-847"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-847">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMustian2019">Mustian, Jim (July 19, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/0543a381b39a42d09c27567274477983" rel="nofollow">"Why no hush-money charges against Trump? Feds are silent"</a>. <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/AP_News" title="AP News">AP News</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Why+no+hush-money+charges+against+Trump%3F+Feds+are+silent&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft.aulast=Mustian&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F0543a381b39a42d09c27567274477983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-848"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-848">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFProtessRashbaum2019">Protess, Ben; Rashbaum, William K. (August 1, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/01/nyregion/trump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html" rel="nofollow">"Manhattan D.A. Subpoenas Trump Organization Over Stormy Daniels Hush Money"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Manhattan+D.A.+Subpoenas+Trump+Organization+Over+Stormy+Daniels+Hush+Money&rft.date=2019-08-01&rft.aulast=Protess&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Rashbaum%2C+William+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-cohen-stormy-daniels-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-849"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-849">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRashbaumProtess2019">Rashbaum, William K.; Protess, Ben (September 16, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/16/nyregion/trump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html" rel="nofollow">"8 Years of Trump Tax Returns Are Subpoenaed by Manhattan D.A."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=8+Years+of+Trump+Tax+Returns+Are+Subpoenaed+by+Manhattan+D.A.&rft.date=2019-09-16&rft.aulast=Rashbaum&rft.aufirst=William+K.&rft.au=Protess%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-tax-returns-cy-vance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-850"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-850">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRosenberg2017"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rosenberg" title="Matthew Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Matthew</a> (July 6, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/us/politics/trump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Misleads on Russian Meddling: Why 17 Intelligence Agencies Don't Need to Agree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Misleads+on+Russian+Meddling%3A+Why+17+Intelligence+Agencies+Don%27t+Need+to+Agree&rft.date=2017-07-06&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F07%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-russia-intelligence-agencies-cia-fbi-nsa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Declassified_Report-851"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Declassified_Report_851-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/06/us/politics/document-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html" rel="nofollow">"Intelligence Report on Russian Hacking"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. January 6, 2017. p. ii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2017</span>. <q>We assess Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Clinton</a>, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Intelligence+Report+on+Russian+Hacking&rft.pages=ii&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F01%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdocument-russia-hacking-report-intelligence-agencies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-852"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-852">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBerman2017">Berman, Russell (March 20, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/its-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia/520134/" rel="nofollow">"It's Official: The FBI Is Investigating Trump's Links to Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=It%27s+Official%3A+The+FBI+Is+Investigating+Trump%27s+Links+to+Russia&rft.date=2017-03-20&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fpolitics%2Farchive%2F2017%2F03%2Fits-official-the-fbi-is-investigating-trumps-links-to-russia%2F520134%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-853"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-853">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMcCarthy2016">McCarthy, Tom (December 13, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/13/donald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack" rel="nofollow">"Trump's relationship with Russia – what we know and what comes next"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+relationship+with+Russia+%E2%80%93+what+we+know+and+what+comes+next&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2016%2Fdec%2F13%2Fdonald-trump-russia-vladimir-putin-us-election-hack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-854"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-854">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBump2017">Bump, Philip (March 3, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2017/03/03/the-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia/" rel="nofollow">"The web of relationships between Team Trump and Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+web+of+relationships+between+Team+Trump+and+Russia&rft.date=2017-03-03&rft.aulast=Bump&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwp%2F2017%2F03%2F03%2Fthe-web-of-relationships-between-team-trump-and-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-855"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-855">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPhillips2016">Phillips, Amber (August 19, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/08/19/paul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained/" rel="nofollow">"Paul Manafort's complicated ties to Ukraine, explained"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Paul+Manafort%27s+complicated+ties+to+Ukraine%2C+explained&rft.date=2016-08-19&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Amber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-fix%2Fwp%2F2016%2F08%2F19%2Fpaul-manaforts-complicated-ties-to-ukraine-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-856"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-856">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRisen2019">Risen, James (January 26, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/01/26/roger-stone-made-his-name-as-a-dirty-trickster-but-the-trump-russia-coverup-may-finally-bring-him-down/" rel="nofollow">"Roger Stone Made His Name as a Dirty Trickster, but the Trump-Russia Cover-Up May Finally Bring Him Down"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Roger+Stone+Made+His+Name+as+a+Dirty+Trickster%2C+but+the+Trump-Russia+Cover-Up+May+Finally+Bring+Him+Down&rft.date=2019-01-26&rft.aulast=Risen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2019%2F01%2F26%2Froger-stone-made-his-name-as-a-dirty-trickster-but-the-trump-russia-coverup-may-finally-bring-him-down%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-many-857"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-many_857-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFNesbit2016">Nesbit, Jeff (August 15, 2016). <a class="external text" href="https://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/" rel="nofollow">"Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Donald+Trump%27s+Many%2C+Many%2C+Many%2C+Many+Ties+to+Russia&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.aulast=Nesbit&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4433880%2Fdonald-trump-ties-to-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-858"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-858">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFWilliams2017">Williams, Katie Bo (May 24, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump" rel="nofollow">"NYT: Russians discussed using Manafort, Flynn to influence Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=NYT%3A+Russians+discussed+using+Manafort%2C+Flynn+to+influence+Trump&rft.date=2017-05-24&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Katie+Bo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fnational-security%2F335035-nyt-russians-discussed-using-manafort-flynn-to-influence-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-859"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-859">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGraham2019">Graham, David A. (November 15, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/11/we-still-dont-know-what-happened-between-trump-and-russia/602116/" rel="nofollow">"We Still Don't Know What Happened Between Trump and Russia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=We+Still+Don%27t+Know+What+Happened+Between+Trump+and+Russia&rft.date=2019-11-15&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2019%2F11%2Fwe-still-dont-know-what-happened-between-trump-and-russia%2F602116%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Reuters2-860"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters2_860-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFParkerLandayStrobel2017">Parker, Ned; Landay, Jonathan; Strobel, Warren (May 18, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106" rel="nofollow">"Exclusive: Trump campaign had at least 18 undisclosed contacts with Russians: sources"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Trump+campaign+had+at+least+18+undisclosed+contacts+with+Russians%3A+sources&rft.date=2017-05-18&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.au=Landay%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Strobel%2C+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-trump-russia-contacts-idUSKCN18E106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-861"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-861">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMurrayBorgerDiamond2017"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Murray_(journalist)" title="Sara Murray (journalist)">Murray, Sara</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Borger" title="Gloria Borger">Borger, Gloria</a>; <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Jeremy_Diamond_(journalist)" title="Jeremy Diamond (journalist)">Diamond, Jeremy</a> (February 14, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/13/politics/michael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser/" rel="nofollow">"Flynn resigns amid controversy over Russia contacts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Flynn+resigns+amid+controversy+over+Russia+contacts&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Borger%2C+Gloria&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2017%2F02%2F13%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-flynn-white-house-national-security-adviser%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-862"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-862">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHarrisDawseyNakashima2019"><a href="/wiki/Shane_Harris" title="Shane Harris">Harris, Shane</a>; <a href="/wiki/Josh_Dawsey" title="Josh Dawsey">Dawsey, Josh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Nakashima" title="Ellen Nakashima">Nakashima, Ellen</a> (September 26, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/trump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election/2019/09/27/b20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump told Russian officials in 2017 he wasn't concerned about Moscow's interference in U.S. election"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+told+Russian+officials+in+2017+he+wasn%27t+concerned+about+Moscow%27s+interference+in+U.S.+election&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft.au=Dawsey%2C+Josh&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Ftrump-told-russian-officials-in-2017-he-wasnt-concerned-about-moscows-interference-in-us-election%2F2019%2F09%2F27%2Fb20a8bc8-e159-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-863"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-863">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarnesRosenberg2019">Barnes, Julian E.; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rosenberg" title="Matthew Rosenberg">Rosenberg, Matthew</a> (November 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/22/us/politics/ukraine-russia-interference.html" rel="nofollow">"Charges of Ukrainian Meddling? A Russian Operation, U.S. Intelligence Says"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Charges+of+Ukrainian+Meddling%3F+A+Russian+Operation%2C+U.S.+Intelligence+Says&rft.date=2019-11-22&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Julian+E.&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F11%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fukraine-russia-interference.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-864"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-864">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPelley2020"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Pelley" title="Scott Pelley">Pelley, Scott</a> (February 16, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-crowdstrike-ukraine-server-conspiracy-theory-60-minutes-2020-02-16/" rel="nofollow">"Why President Trump asked Ukraine to look into a DNC "server" and CrowdStrike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Why+President+Trump+asked+Ukraine+to+look+into+a+DNC+%22server%22+and+CrowdStrike&rft.date=2020-02-16&rft.aulast=Pelley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftrump-crowdstrike-ukraine-server-conspiracy-theory-60-minutes-2020-02-16%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mueller_Report-865"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_Report_865-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" id="CITEREFMueller2019">Mueller, Robert S. III (March 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf" rel="nofollow">"Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Justice. <q>The Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election in sweeping and systematic fashion. [...] In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign 'coordinat[ed]' – a term that appears in the appointment order – with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, 'coordination' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement – tacit or express – between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+On+The+Investigation+Into+Russian+Interference+In+The+2016+Presidential+Election&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2019-03&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Robert+S.+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fstorage%2Freport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Rosenstein_5/17/2017-866"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosenstein_5/17/2017_866-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFRosenstein2017">Rosenstein, Rod (May 17, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html" rel="nofollow">"Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rod+Rosenstein%27s+Letter+Appointing+Mueller+Special+Counsel&rft.date=2017-05-17&rft.aulast=Rosenstein&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F05%2F17%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fdocument-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Vitkovskaya-867"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vitkovskaya_867-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFVitkovskaya2017">Vitkovskaya, Julie (June 16, 2017). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/06/15/the-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here/" rel="nofollow">"Trump Is Officially under Investigation. How Did We Get Here?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Trump is officially under investigation<span class="nowrap"> </span>... Special counsel investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice ... The president is being investigated ...</q></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Trump+Is+Officially+under+Investigation.+How+Did+We+Get+Here%3F&rft.date=2017-06-16&rft.aulast=Vitkovskaya&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2017%2F06%2F15%2Fthe-president-is-under-investigation-for-obstruction-of-justice-how-did-we-get-here%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-868"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-868">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBump2018">Bump, Philip (January 11, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/politics/wp/2018/01/11/trump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times/" rel="nofollow">"Analysis | Trump and the White House have denied Russian collusion more than 140 times"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Analysis+%7C+Trump+and+the+White+House+have+denied+Russian+collusion+more+than+140+times&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.aulast=Bump&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fwp%2F2018%2F01%2F11%2Ftrump-and-the-white-house-have-denied-russian-collusion-more-than-140-times%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-869"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-869">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKeating2018"><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Keating" title="Joshua Keating">Keating, Joshua</a> (March 8, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html" rel="nofollow">"It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=It%27s+Not+Just+a+%22Russia%22+Investigation+Anymore&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Keating&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2018%2F03%2Fmueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-870"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-870">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHabermanSchmidt2018"><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Haberman" title="Maggie Haberman">Haberman, Maggie</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Schmidt" title="Michael S. Schmidt">Schmidt, Michael S.</a> (April 10, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/10/us/politics/trump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Sought to Fire Mueller in December"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Sought+to+Fire+Mueller+in+December&rft.date=2018-04-10&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-sought-to-fire-mueller-in-december.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-871"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-871">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKeneallyMallin2018">Keneally, Meghan; Mallin, Alexander (August 1, 2018). <a class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt/story?id=56962100" rel="nofollow">"Trump to Sessions: Shut down Russia probe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_News" title="ABC News">ABC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Trump+to+Sessions%3A+Shut+down+Russia+probe&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft.aulast=Keneally&rft.aufirst=Meghan&rft.au=Mallin%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Ftrump-sessions-twitter-stop-rigged-witch-hunt%2Fstory%3Fid%3D56962100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-872"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-872">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBreuninger2019">Breuninger, Kevin (March 22, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html" rel="nofollow">"Mueller probe ends: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Mueller+probe+ends%3A+Special+counsel+submits+Russia+report+to+Attorney+General+William+Barr&rft.date=2019-03-22&rft.aulast=Breuninger&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F03%2F22%2Frobert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Pramuk-873"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pramuk_873-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFPramukKimball2019">Pramuk, Jacob; Kimball, Spencer (March 24, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/24/attorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump did not collude with Russia, says Mueller, and is cleared of obstruction by the attorney general"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Trump+did+not+collude+with+Russia%2C+says+Mueller%2C+and+is+cleared+of+obstruction+by+the+attorney+general&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft.aulast=Pramuk&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft.au=Kimball%2C+Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F03%2F24%2Fattorney-general-william-barr-to-release-mueller-russia-probe-findings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-874"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-874">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-us-canada-47687956/mueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump" rel="nofollow">"Mueller report a 'complete exoneration' – Donald Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. March 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mueller+report+a+%27complete+exoneration%27+%E2%80%93+Donald+Trump&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-us-canada-47687956%2Fmueller-report-a-complete-exoneration-donald-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-875"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-875">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2019">Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt (April 30, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/mueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe/2019/04/30/d3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Mueller complained that Barr's letter did not capture 'context' of Trump probe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mueller+complained+that+Barr%27s+letter+did+not+capture+%27context%27+of+Trump+probe&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Devlin&rft.au=Zapotosky%2C+Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fmueller-complained-that-barrs-letter-did-not-capture-context-of-trump-probe%2F2019%2F04%2F30%2Fd3c8fdb6-6b7b-11e9-a66d-a82d3f3d96d5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-891"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-891">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46449950" rel="nofollow">"Mueller investigation: No jail time sought for Trump ex-adviser Michael Flynn"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Online" title="BBC Online">BBC Online</a></i>. December 5, 2018.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Online&rft.atitle=Mueller+investigation%3A+No+jail+time+sought+for+Trump+ex-adviser+Michael+Flynn&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-46449950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note--200220-892"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref--200220_892-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/roger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court/2020/02/19/2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Roger Stone sentenced to three years and four months in prison, as Trump predicts 'exoneration' for his friend"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. February 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Roger+Stone+sentenced+to+three+years+and+four+months+in+prison%2C+as+Trump+predicts+%27exoneration%27+for+his+friend&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fpublic-safety%2Froger-stone-sentence-due-thursday-in-federal-court%2F2020%2F02%2F19%2F2e01bfc8-4c38-11ea-9b5c-eac5b16dafaa_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-893"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-893">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/house-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html" rel="nofollow">"House Judiciary Committee launches probe into possible obstruction by Trump"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a></i>. March 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=House+Judiciary+Committee+launches+probe+into+possible+obstruction+by+Trump&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fhouse-judiciary-committee-launches-probe-191841170.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-894"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-894">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/house-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html" rel="nofollow">"US: House panel to widen Trump probe, request documents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i>. March 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=US%3A+House+panel+to+widen+Trump+probe%2C+request+documents&rft.date=2019-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F03%2Fhouse-panel-widen-trump-probe-request-documents-190303172658255.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-896"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-896">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHerbBrown2019">Herb, Jeremy; <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Brown_(journalist)" title="Pamela Brown (journalist)">Brown, Pamela</a> (March 21, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/21/politics/trump-putin-white-house-rejects/index.html" rel="nofollow">"White House rejects Dem requests for info on Putin communications"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=White+House+rejects+Dem+requests+for+info+on+Putin+communications&rft.date=2019-03-21&rft.aulast=Herb&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Brown%2C+Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F03%2F21%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-putin-white-house-rejects%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-898"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-898">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/articleii" rel="nofollow">"Article 2, United States Constitution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Legal_Information_Institute" title="Legal Information Institute">Legal Information Institute</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Article+2%2C+United+States+Constitution&rft.pub=Legal+Information+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fconstitution%2Farticleii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-899"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-899">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFMcPherson2019">McPherson, Lindsey (May 24, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.rollcall.com/news/congress/reluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go" rel="nofollow">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Reluctant impeachment': Will Pelosi ever be swayed to go there?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roll+Call&rft.atitle=%27Reluctant+impeachment%27%3A+Will+Pelosi+ever+be+swayed+to+go+there%3F&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=McPherson&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollcall.com%2Fnews%2Fcongress%2Freluctant-impeachment-will-pelosi-ever-swayed-go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-900"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-900">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBump2019">Bump, Philip (September 25, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/09/24/most-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now/" rel="nofollow">"The most important number in the impeachment fight keeps getting smaller"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+most+important+number+in+the+impeachment+fight+keeps+getting+smaller&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.aulast=Bump&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F09%2F24%2Fmost-important-number-impeachment-fight-right-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-922"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-922">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFGregorian2020">Gregorian, Dareh (January 22, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/trump-impeachment-inquiry/senate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861" rel="nofollow">"Senate passes McConnell impeachment rules after nearly 13 hours of debate"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Senate+passes+McConnell+impeachment+rules+after+nearly+13+hours+of+debate&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Gregorian&rft.aufirst=Dareh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-impeachment-inquiry%2Fsenate-passes-mcconnell-impeachment-rules-after-nearly-13-hours-debate-n1119861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-923"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-923">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFKimWagnerDemirjian2019"><a href="/wiki/Seung_Min_Kim" title="Seung Min Kim">Kim, Seung Min</a>; Wagner, John; <a href="/wiki/Karoun_Demirjian" title="Karoun Demirjian">Demirjian, Karoun</a> (January 23, 2019). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments/2020/01/23/3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html" rel="nofollow">"Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Democrats+detail+abuse-of-power+charge+against+Trump+as+Republicans+complain+of+repetitive+arguments&rft.date=2019-01-23&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Seung+Min&rft.au=Wagner%2C+John&rft.au=Demirjian%2C+Karoun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fdemocrats-detail-abuse-of-power-charge-against-trump-as-republicans-complain-of-repetitive-arguments%2F2020%2F01%2F23%2F3fb149b4-3e05-11ea-8872-5df698785a4e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-brazen-924"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brazen_924-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brazen_924-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFShearFandos2020"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Shear" title="Michael D. Shear">Shear, Michael D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fandos" title="Nicholas Fandos">Fandos, Nicholas</a> (January 22, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/18/us/politics/house-trump-impeachment.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Defense Team Calls Impeachment Charges 'Brazen' as Democrats Make Legal Case"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Defense+Team+Calls+Impeachment+Charges+%27Brazen%27+as+Democrats+Make+Legal+Case&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Fandos%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F01%2F18%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhouse-trump-impeachment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-925"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-925">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFHerbMattinglyRajuFox2020">Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; <a href="/wiki/Manu_Raju" title="Manu Raju">Raju, Manu</a>; Fox, Lauren (January 31, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/31/politics/senate-impeachment-trial-last-day/index.html" rel="nofollow">"Senate impeachment trial: Wednesday acquittal vote scheduled after effort to have witnesses fails"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Senate+impeachment+trial%3A+Wednesday+acquittal+vote+scheduled+after+effort+to+have+witnesses+fails&rft.date=2020-01-31&rft.aulast=Herb&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Mattingly%2C+Phil&rft.au=Raju%2C+Manu&rft.au=Fox%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F01%2F31%2Fpolitics%2Fsenate-impeachment-trial-last-day%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-926"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-926">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBookbinder2020">Bookbinder, Noah (January 9, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/01/09/senate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one/" rel="nofollow">"The Senate has conducted 15 impeachment trials. It heard witnesses in every one"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Senate+has+conducted+15+impeachment+trials.+It+heard+witnesses+in+every+one.&rft.date=2020-01-09&rft.aulast=Bookbinder&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Foutlook%2F2020%2F01%2F09%2Fsenate-has-conducted-15-impeachment-trials-it-heard-witnesses-every-one%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-927"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-927">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFFandos2020"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Fandos" title="Nicholas Fandos">Fandos, Nicholas</a> (February 5, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/05/us/politics/trump-acquitted-impeachment.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Acquitted+of+Two+Impeachment+Charges+in+Near+Party-Line+Vote&rft.date=2020-02-05&rft.aulast=Fandos&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F05%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-acquitted-impeachment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-928"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-928">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1" id="CITEREFBaker2020"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Baker_(journalist)" title="Peter Baker (journalist)">Baker, Peter</a> (February 22, 2020). <a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/22/us/politics/trump-disloyalty-turnover.html" rel="nofollow">"Trump's Efforts to Remove the Disloyal Heightens Unease Across His Administration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump%27s+Efforts+to+Remove+the+Disloyal+Heightens+Unease+Across+His+Administration&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-disloyalty-turnover.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Works_cited">Works cited</span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBarrett2016"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Barrett" title="Wayne Barrett">Barrett, Wayne</a> (2016) [First published 1992]. <i>Trump: The Deals and the Downfall</i> (First Regan Art Paperback ed.). <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-682450-79-6"><bdi>978-1-682450-79-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Deals+and+the+Downfall&rft.edition=First+Regan+Art+Paperback&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-682450-79-6&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/> Paperback title: <i>The greatest show on Earth – The deals, the downfall, the reinvention</i>.</li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBlair2015a"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015a). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ig1ZCgAAQBAJ" rel="nofollow"><i>Donald Trump: The Candidate</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-2937-1"><bdi>978-1-4391-2937-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+The+Candidate&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-2937-1&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dig1ZCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBlair2015b"><a href="/wiki/Gwenda_Blair" title="Gwenda Blair">Blair, Gwenda</a> (2015b) [First published 2001]. <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJifCgAAQBAJ" rel="nofollow"><i>The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-3936-9"><bdi>978-1-5011-3936-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trumps%3A+Three+Generations+That+Built+an+Empire&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-3936-9&rft.aulast=Blair&rft.aufirst=Gwenda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJifCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFGallup1990"><a href="/wiki/George_Gallup_Jr." title="George Gallup Jr.">Gallup, George Jr.</a> (1990). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7Tf_1GzlHEC" rel="nofollow"><i>The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8420-2344-3"><bdi>978-0-8420-2344-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallup+Poll%3A+Public+Opinion+1989&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8420-2344-3&rft.aulast=Gallup&rft.aufirst=George+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7Tf_1GzlHEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPacelle2001">Pacelle, Mitchell (2001). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/empire00mitc" rel="nofollow"><i>Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon</i></a></span>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-23865-2"><bdi>978-0-471-23865-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empire%3A+A+Tale+of+Obsession%2C+Betrayal%2C+and+the+Battle+for+an+American+Icon&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-471-23865-2&rft.aulast=Pacelle&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fempire00mitc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFKranishFisher2017"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kranish" title="Michael Kranish">Kranish, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Marc_Fisher" title="Marc Fisher">Fisher, Marc</a> (2017) [First published 2016]. <a href="/wiki/Trump_Revealed" title="Trump Revealed"><i>Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-5652-6"><bdi>978-1-5011-5652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump+Revealed%3A+The+Definitive+Biography+of+the+45th+President&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-5011-5652-6&rft.aulast=Kranish&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFO'DonnellRutherford1991">O'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991) [First published 1991]. <a href="/wiki/Trumped!_(book)" title="Trumped! (book)"><i>Trumped!</i></a>. Crossroad Press Trade Edition. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1946025-26-5"><bdi>978-1946025-26-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trumped%21&rft.pub=Crossroad+Press+Trade+Edition&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-1946025-26-5&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rft.au=Rutherford%2C+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009">Trump, Donald J.; <a href="/wiki/Tony_Schwartz_(author)" title="Tony Schwartz (author)">Schwartz, Tony</a> (2009) [First published 1987]. <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumpartofdeal0000trum" rel="nofollow"><i>Trump: The Art of the Deal</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-446-35325-0"><bdi>978-0-446-35325-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trump%3A+The+Art+of+the+Deal&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-446-35325-0&rft.aulast=Trump&rft.aufirst=Donald+J.&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrumpartofdeal0000trum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFWooten2009">Wooten, Sara (2009). <a class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NIPOonZnkDEC" rel="nofollow"><i>Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV</i></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Enslow_Publishers" title="Enslow Publishers">Enslow Publishers</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7660-2890-6"><bdi>978-0-7660-2890-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Donald+Trump%3A+From+Real+Estate+to+Reality+TV&rft.pub=Enslow+Publishers&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7660-2890-6&rft.aulast=Wooten&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNIPOonZnkDEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADonald+Trump"></span><link href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291" rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style"/></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br/> <b>Donald Trump</b> <hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em">
By Donald Trump</th></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Donald+Trump&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president-trump" rel="nofollow">Trump's profile on WhiteHouse.gov</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump</a> on Twitter (personal)</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607230" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/donald-trump" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump collected news and commentary</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170223112959/https://topics.wsj.com/person/T/Donald-Trump/159" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump collected news and commentary</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?donaldtrump" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trumparchive" rel="nofollow">Donald Trump</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="https://interviews.televisionacademy.com/people/donald-j-trump" rel="nofollow">Talking About Donald Trump</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Interviews:_An_Oral_History_of_Television" title="The Interviews: An Oral History of Television">The Interviews: An Oral History of Television</a></li></ul>
<div aria-labelledby="Donald_Trump" class="navbox" role="navigation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" scope="col"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Donald_Trump" title="Template:Donald Trump"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;" title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:Donald Trump"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;" title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Donald_Trump&action=edit"><abbr style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;" title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Donald_Trump" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Donald Trump</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_45th_President_of_the_United_States_(2017–present)_*_Owner_of_The_Trump_Organization_(Chairman/President:_1971–2017)_*_Executive_producer_of_The_Apprentice_(Host:_2004–2015)">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">45th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2017–present)</span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap">Owner of <a href="/wiki/The_Trump_Organization" title="The Trump Organization">The Trump Organization</a></span> (Chairman/President: 1971–2017)</li>
<li><span class="nowrap">Executive producer of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i> (Host: 2004–2015)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidency of Donald Trump">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">Election</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International reactions to the 2016 United States presidential election">Reactions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="Presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency">Timeline</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_Donald_Trump%27s_presidency" title="First 100 days of Donald Trump's presidency">first 100 days</a></li>
<li>2017
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2018
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2019
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li>
<li>2020
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">domestic trips</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020)">2020</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international trips</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">Polls</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="Cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet" title="Formation of Donald Trump's Cabinet">formation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">withdrawn</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Appointments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">ambassadors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">economic advisors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">federal judges</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Neil Gorsuch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Brett Kavanaugh</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="United States Attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">short tenures</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">U.S. Attorneys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">Inspectors General</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">James Comey</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Pardons and commutations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">Joe Arpaio</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">proclamations</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Government shutdowns
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–19 United States federal government shutdown">2018–19</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump">Impeachment</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><img alt="" data-file-height="2096" data-file-width="1520" decoding="async" height="138" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="100"/><br/><br/><a class="image" href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg"><img alt="Seal of the President of the United States.svg" data-file-height="2425" data-file-width="2424" decoding="async" height="100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" width="100"/></a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Life and<br/>politics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Business career of Donald Trump">Business career</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump">legal affairs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_of_Donald_Trump" title="Wealth of Donald Trump">wealth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">tax returns</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Media_career_of_Donald_Trump" title="Media career of Donald Trump">Media career</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apprentice_(American_TV_series)" title="The Apprentice (American TV series)">The Apprentice</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_golf" title="Donald Trump and golf">Golf</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump">Honors and awards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Political positions</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Economic policy of Donald Trump">Economy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration">Environment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris withdrawal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration">Foreign policy</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_(2015%E2%80%9316)" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump (2015–16)">positions as candidate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China–United States trade war</a></li>
<li>Israel–Palestine
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran deal withdrawal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li>
<li>North Korea summits
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">family separation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">travel ban</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">wall</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Protests against Donald Trump">Protests</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_protests_against_Donald_Trump" title="Timeline of protests against Donald Trump">timeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Disorderly_conduct_at_Donald_Trump_rally" title="Disorderly conduct at Donald Trump rally">assassination attempt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts to impeach</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lawsuits_involving_Donald_Trump" title="List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump">Lawsuits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veracity_of_statements_by_Donald_Trump" title="Veracity of statements by Donald Trump">Veracity of statements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Donald_Trump" title="Bibliography of Donald Trump">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Deal" title="Trump: The Art of the Deal">Trump: The Art of the Deal</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_Surviving_at_the_Top" title="Trump: Surviving at the Top">Trump: Surviving at the Top</a></i> (1990)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump:_The_Art_of_the_Comeback" title="Trump: The Art of the Comeback">Trump: The Art of the Comeback</a></i> (1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_America_We_Deserve" title="The America We Deserve">The America We Deserve</a></i> (2000)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Trump_101" title="Trump 101">Trump 101</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Want_You_to_Be_Rich" title="Why We Want You to Be Rich">Why We Want You to Be Rich</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Think_Big_and_Kick_Ass" title="Think Big and Kick Ass">Think Big and Kick Ass</a></i> (2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Time_to_Get_Tough" title="Time to Get Tough">Time to Get Tough</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Midas_Touch_(book)" title="Midas Touch (book)">Midas Touch</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Crippled_America" title="Crippled America">Crippled America</a></i> (2015)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Donald_Trump#Inaugural_address" title="Inauguration of Donald Trump">Inaugural address</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/February_2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2017 Donald Trump speech to joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_speech_in_Warsaw,_Poland" title="Donald Trump's speech in Warsaw, Poland">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oval_Office_address" title="Oval Office address">Oval Office address</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2019_Oval_Office_address" title="January 2019 Oval Office address">2019</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/March_2020_Oval_Office_Address" title="March 2020 Oval Office Address">2020</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign">2000 presidential campaign</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">2016 presidential campaign</a>
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>"</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_for_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of rallies for the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">rallies</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">2016 Republican primaries</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_primary_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign primary endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 general election</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump movement</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Voters_Against_Trump" title="Republican Voters Against Trump">Republican Voters Against Trump</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_2016_Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the 2016 Donald Trump presidential campaign">Republican opposition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney%27s_2016_anti-Trump_speech" title="Mitt Romney's 2016 anti-Trump speech">Mitt Romney speech</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_sexual_misconduct_allegations" title="Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Access_Hollywood_tape" title="Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape"><i>Access Hollywood</i> recording</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020 presidential campaign</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-election_Donald_Trump_rallies" title="List of post-election Donald Trump rallies">rallies</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Republican Party presidential primaries">2020 Republican primaries</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Republican_National_Convention" title="2020 Republican National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 general election</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2020 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th class="navbox-group" scope="row" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Foundation" title="Donald J. Trump Foundation">Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_popular_culture" title="Donald Trump in popular culture">In popular culture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_filmography" title="Donald Trump filmography">filmography</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_in_music" title="Donald Trump in music">in music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Donald_Trump" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Donald Trump"><i>SNL</i> parodies</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_family" title="Trump family">Trump family</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Donald_Trump" title="Family of Donald Trump">Immediate family</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_Donald_Trump" title="Residences of Donald Trump">Residences</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/85-15_Wareham_Place" title="85-15 Wareham Place">85-15 Wareham Place</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_National_Golf_Club_(Bedminster,_New_Jersey)" title="Trump National Golf Club (Bedminster, New Jersey)">Bedminster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mar-a-Lago" title="Mar-a-Lago">Mar-a-Lago</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visionary" title="The Visionary">The Visionary</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_on_social_media" title="Donald Trump on social media">On social media</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower_wiretapping_allegations" title="Trump Tower wiretapping allegations">wiretapping allegations</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Real_News_Update" title="Real News Update">Real News Update</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Covfefe" title="Covfefe">Covfefe</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fake_News_Awards" title="Fake News Awards">Fake News Awards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of nicknames used by Donald Trump">Nicknames used by Trump</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pseudonyms_of_Donald_Trump" title="Pseudonyms of Donald Trump">Pseudonyms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Force_One" title="Trump Force One">Trump Force One</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trump_derangement_syndrome" title="Trump derangement syndrome">Trump derangement syndrome</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">← Barack Obama</a></b></li></ul>
<hr/>
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<li><img alt="Wikipedia book" data-file-height="185" data-file-width="180" decoding="async" height="16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" title="Wikipedia book" width="16"/> <a href="/wiki/Book:Donald_Trump" title="Book:Donald Trump">Book</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r891577481">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td style="width:175px"><span style="font-size:90%">Find out more on Wikipedia's</span><br/><span style="font-size:125%"><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Sister projects</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="1376" data-file-width="1024" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Donald_Trump" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Donald Trump">Quotations</a><br/>from Wikiquote</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="430" data-file-width="410" decoding="async" height="30" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/29px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/43px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" width="29"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Donald_John_Trump" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Donald John Trump">Source texts</a><br/>from Wikisource</span></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-right:0.3em;width:30px;line-height:3.6em;text-align:center"><img alt="" data-file-height="590" data-file-width="1050" decoding="async" height="17" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/45px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/60px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" width="30"/></span><span style="display:inline-block;width:11em;vertical-align:middle"><a class="extiw" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/Q22686" title="wikidata:Special:Search/Q22686">Data</a><br/>from Wikidata</span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22686&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" class="navbox authority-control" role="navigation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-group" id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22686&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22686" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-file-height="20" data-file-width="20" decoding="async" height="10" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" style="vertical-align: text-top" width="10"/></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" title="Bibsys">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/97055467" rel="nofollow">97055467</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Biblioteca Nacional de Chile">BNC</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000883258" rel="nofollow">000883258</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1127639" rel="nofollow">XX1127639</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/BNF_(identifier)" title="BNF (identifier)">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j" rel="nofollow">cb12195835j</a> <a class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12195835j" rel="nofollow">(data)</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Name_and_Title_Authority_File_of_Catalonia" title="Name and Title Authority File of Catalonia">CANTIC</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a19573753" rel="nofollow">a19573753</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/CiNii_(identifier)" title="CiNii (identifier)">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08488604?l=en" rel="nofollow">DA08488604</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118834312" rel="nofollow">118834312</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-redirect" href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000108986765" rel="nofollow">0000 0001 0898 6765</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000084831&P_CON_LNG=ENG" rel="nofollow">000084831</a></span></span></li>
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<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">NLA</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35123886" rel="nofollow">35123886</a></span></span></li>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="de" lang="de" title="Donald Trump – German">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="fr" lang="fr" title="Donald Trump – French">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="es" lang="es" title="Donald Trump – Spanish">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" hreflang="ru" lang="ru" title="Трамп, Дональд – Russian">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="it" lang="it" title="Donald Trump – Italian">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97" hreflang="ja" lang="ja" title="ドナルド・トランプ – Japanese">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nl" lang="nl" title="Donald Trump – Dutch">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pl" lang="pl" title="Donald Trump – Polish">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pt" lang="pt" title="Donald Trump – Portuguese">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" hreflang="zh" lang="zh" title="唐納·川普 – Chinese">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle" title="recommended article"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sv" lang="sv" title="Donald Trump – Swedish">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="fa" lang="fa" title="دونالد ترامپ – Persian">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4" hreflang="he" lang="he" title="דונלד טראמפ – Hebrew">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="tr" lang="tr" title="Donald Trump – Turkish">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="hu" lang="hu" title="Donald Trump – Hungarian">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="fi" lang="fi" title="Donald Trump – Finnish">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" hreflang="ar" lang="ar" title="دونالد ترامب – Arabic">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="vi" lang="vi" title="Donald Trump – Vietnamese">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nb" lang="nb" title="Donald Trump – Norwegian Bokmål">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="uk" lang="uk" title="Дональд Трамп – Ukrainian">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%84%90%EB%93%9C_%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84" hreflang="ko" lang="ko" title="도널드 트럼프 – Korean">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ca" lang="ca" title="Donald Trump – Catalan">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="cs" lang="cs" title="Donald Trump – Czech">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="sr" lang="sr" title="Доналд Трамп – Serbian">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ro" lang="ro" title="Donald Trump – Romanian">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="id" lang="id" title="Donald Trump – Indonesian">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="da" lang="da" title="Donald Trump – Danish">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="en-simple" lang="en-simple" title="Donald Trump – Simple English">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="bg" lang="bg" title="Доналд Тръмп – Bulgarian">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ace" lang="ace" title="Donald Trump – Achinese">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="af" lang="af" title="Donald Trump – Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ak"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ak" lang="ak" title="Donald Trump – Akan">Akan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="gsw" lang="gsw" title="Donald Trump – Alemannisch">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B6%E1%8A%93%E1%88%8D%E1%8B%B5_%E1%8C%86%E1%8A%95_%E1%89%B5%E1%88%AB%E1%88%9D%E1%8D%95" hreflang="am" lang="am" title="ዶናልድ ጆን ትራምፕ – Amharic">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="an" lang="an" title="Donald Trump – Aragonese">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dufenal_Trump" hreflang="ang" lang="ang" title="Dufenal Trump – Old English">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" hreflang="arz" lang="arz" title="دونالد ترامب – Egyptian Arabic">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" hreflang="as" lang="as" title="ডোনাল্ড ট্ৰাম্প – Assamese">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ast" lang="ast" title="Donald Trump – Asturian">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="av" lang="av" title="Доналд Трамп – Avaric">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" hreflang="az" lang="az" title="Donald Tramp – Azerbaijani">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="azb" lang="azb" title="دونالد ترامپ – South Azerbaijani">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="ba" lang="ba" title="Дональд Трамп – Bashkir">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="bar" lang="bar" title="Donald Trump – Bavarian">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duonalds_Tramps" hreflang="sgs" lang="sgs" title="Duonalds Tramps – Samogitian">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="bcl" lang="bcl" title="Donald Trump – Central Bikol">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="be" lang="be" title="Дональд Трамп – Belarusian">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="be-tarask" lang="be-tarask" title="Дональд Трамп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="bh" lang="bh" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रंप – Bhojpuri">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="bi" lang="bi" title="Donald Trump – Bislama">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="bjn" lang="bjn" title="Donald Trump – Banjar">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" hreflang="bn" lang="bn" title="ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প – Bangla">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" hreflang="bo" lang="bo" title="ཐེ་རོན་ཕུ། – Tibetan">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="br" lang="br" title="Donald Trump – Breton">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="bs" lang="bs" title="Donald Trump – Bosnian">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="bxr" lang="bxr" title="Дональд Трамп – Russia Buriat">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="cdo" lang="cdo" title="Donald Trump – Min Dong Chinese">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="ce" lang="ce" title="Доналд Трамп – Chechen">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ceb" lang="ceb" title="Donald Trump – Cebuano">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%B5%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="ckb" lang="ckb" title="دۆناڵد ترامپ – Central Kurdish">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" hreflang="cv" lang="cv" title="Трамп Дональд – Chuvash">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="cy" lang="cy" title="Donald Trump – Welsh">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="din" lang="din" title="Donald Trump – Dinka">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="diq" lang="diq" title="Donald Trump – Zazaki">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="dsb" lang="dsb" title="Donald Trump – Lower Sorbian">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="dty" lang="dty" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Doteli">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A4%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80" hreflang="el" lang="el" title="Ντόναλντ Τραμπ – Greek">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="egl" lang="egl" title="Donald Trump – Emiliano-Romagnolo">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="eo" lang="eo" title="Donald Trump – Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="et" lang="et" title="Donald Trump – Estonian">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="eu" lang="eu" title="Donald Trump – Basque">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ext" lang="ext" title="Donald Trump – Extremaduran">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ff" lang="ff" title="Donald Trump – Fulah">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="fo" lang="fo" title="Donald Trump – Faroese">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="frp" lang="frp" title="Donald Trump – Arpitan">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="frr" lang="frr" title="Donald Trump – Northern Frisian">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="fur" lang="fur" title="Donald Trump – Friulian">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="fy" lang="fy" title="Donald Trump – Western Frisian">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ga" lang="ga" title="Donald Trump – Irish">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="gd" lang="gd" title="Donald Trump – Scottish Gaelic">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="gl" lang="gl" title="Donald Trump – Galician">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="gn" lang="gn" title="Donald Trump – Guarani">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="gom" lang="gom" title="Donald Trump – Goan Konkani">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B3_%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8D%80" hreflang="got" lang="got" title="𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌳 𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌼𐍀 – Gothic">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A1_%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AA" hreflang="gu" lang="gu" title="ડોનાલ્ડ ટ્રંપ – Gujarati">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ha" lang="ha" title="Donald Trump – Hausa">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="hak" lang="hak" title="Donald Trump – Hakka Chinese">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="hi" lang="hi" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Hindi">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="hr" lang="hr" title="Donald Trump – Croatian">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="hsb" lang="hsb" title="Donald Trump – Upper Sorbian">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ht" lang="ht" title="Donald Trump – Haitian Creole">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83" hreflang="hy" lang="hy" title="Դոնալդ Թրամփ – Armenian">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ia" lang="ia" title="Donald Trump – Interlingua">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ie" lang="ie" title="Donald Trump – Interlingue">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ig" lang="ig" title="Donald Trump – Igbo">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ilo" lang="ilo" title="Donald Trump – Iloko">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="io" lang="io" title="Donald Trump – Ido">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="is" lang="is" title="Donald Trump – Icelandic">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/la_.donald._trump." hreflang="jbo" lang="jbo" title="la .donald. trump. – Lojban">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" hreflang="ka" lang="ka" title="დონალდ ტრამპი – Georgian">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="kbp" lang="kbp" title="Donald Trump – Kabiye">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="kk" lang="kk" title="Дональд Трамп – Kazakh">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B_%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86" hreflang="km" lang="km" title="ដូណាល់ ត្រាំ – Khmer">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" hreflang="kn" lang="kn" title="ಡೊನಾಲ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರಂಪ್ – Kannada">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ksh" lang="ksh" title="Donald Trump – Colognian">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ku" lang="ku" title="Donald Trump – Kurdish">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="kw" lang="kw" title="Donald Trump – Cornish">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="ky" lang="ky" title="Дональд Трамп – Kyrgyz">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donaldus_Trump" hreflang="la" lang="la" title="Donaldus Trump – Latin">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lad" lang="lad" title="Donald Trump – Ladino">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lb" lang="lb" title="Donald Trump – Luxembourgish">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lfn" lang="lfn" title="Donald Trump – Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lg" lang="lg" title="Donald Trump – Ganda">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="li" lang="li" title="Donald Trump – Limburgish">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lmo" lang="lmo" title="Donald Trump – Lombard">Lumbaart</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99_%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%8C" hreflang="lo" lang="lo" title="ໂດນັນ ທຣັມປ໌ – Lao">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lt" lang="lt" title="Donald Trump – Lithuanian">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donalds_Tramps" hreflang="lv" lang="lv" title="Donalds Tramps – Latvian">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="mai" lang="mai" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Maithili">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="mg" lang="mg" title="Donald Trump – Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="mk" lang="mk" title="Доналд Трамп – Macedonian">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" hreflang="ml" lang="ml" title="ഡോണൾഡ് ട്രംപ് – Malayalam">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="mn" lang="mn" title="Доналд Трамп – Mongolian">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="mr" lang="mr" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Marathi">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ms" lang="ms" title="Donald Trump – Malay">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="mt" lang="mt" title="Donald Trump – Maltese">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="mwl" lang="mwl" title="Donald Trump – Mirandese">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%91%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA" hreflang="my" lang="my" title="ဒေါ်နယ်လ် ထရန့် – Burmese">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4" hreflang="myv" lang="myv" title="Трамп, Дональд – Erzya">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="mzn" lang="mzn" title="دونالد ترامپ – Mazanderani">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-na"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://na.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="na" lang="na" title="Donald Trump – Nauru">Dorerin Naoero</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nap" lang="nap" title="Donald Trump – Neapolitan">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nds" lang="nds" title="Donald Trump – Low German">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nds-NL" lang="nds-NL" title="Donald Trump – Low Saxon">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="ne" lang="ne" title="डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प – Nepali">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nn" lang="nn" title="Donald Trump – Norwegian Nynorsk">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nso" lang="nso" title="Donald Trump – Northern Sotho">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastiin_al%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85j%C4%AF%CA%BC_dahsid%C3%A1h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_Donald_Trump" hreflang="nv" lang="nv" title="Hastiin alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí Donald Trump – Navajo">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="oc" lang="oc" title="Donald Trump – Occitan">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1_%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA" hreflang="or" lang="or" title="ଡୋନାଲ୍ଡ ଟ୍ରମ୍ପ – Odia">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA" hreflang="pa" lang="pa" title="ਡੌਨਲਡ ਟਰੰਪ – Punjabi">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pap" lang="pap" title="Donald Trump – Papiamento">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pdc" lang="pdc" title="Donald Trump – Pennsylvania German">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pfl" lang="pfl" title="Donald Trump – Palatine German">Pälzisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="pms" lang="pms" title="Donald Trump – Piedmontese">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="pnb" lang="pnb" title="ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Western Punjabi">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="qu" lang="qu" title="Donald Trump – Quechua">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="rm" lang="rm" title="Donald Trump – Romansh">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="rmy" lang="rmy" title="Donald Trump – Vlax Romani">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nap-x-tara" lang="nap-x-tara" title="Donald Trump – Tarantino">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="rue" lang="rue" title="Доналд Трамп – Rusyn">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA" hreflang="sa" lang="sa" title="डॉनल्ड ट्रम्प – Sanskrit">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="sah" lang="sah" title="Дональд Джон Трамп – Sakha">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sc" lang="sc" title="Donald Trump – Sardinian">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="scn" lang="scn" title="Donald Trump – Sicilian">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sco" lang="sco" title="Donald Trump – Scots">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%8A_%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="sd" lang="sd" title="ڊونلڊ ٽرمپ – Sindhi">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="se" lang="se" title="Donald Trump – Northern Sami">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sh" lang="sh" title="Donald Trump – Serbo-Croatian">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A" hreflang="si" lang="si" title="ඩොනල්ඩ් ට්රම්ප් – Sinhala">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sk" lang="sk" title="Donald Trump – Slovak">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sl" lang="sl" title="Donald Trump – Slovenian">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sm" lang="sm" title="Donald Trump – Samoan">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="so" lang="so" title="Donald Trump – Somali">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sw" lang="sw" title="Donald Trump – Swahili">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="szl" lang="szl" title="Donald Trump – Silesian">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" hreflang="ta" lang="ta" title="டோனால்ட் டிரம்ப் – Tamil">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D" hreflang="te" lang="te" title="డోనాల్డ్ ట్రంప్ – Telugu">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="tet" lang="tet" title="Donald Trump – Tetum">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF" hreflang="tg" lang="tg" title="Доналд Трамп – Tajik">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" hreflang="th" lang="th" title="ดอนัลด์ ทรัมป์ – Thai">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="tl" lang="tl" title="Donald Trump – Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" hreflang="tt" lang="tt" title="Donald Tramp – Tatar">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="ug" lang="ug" title="دانىلد ترامپ – Uyghur">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%84%DA%88_%D9%B9%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="ur" lang="ur" title="ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ – Urdu">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article badge"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="uz" lang="uz" title="Donald Trump – Uzbek">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="vec" lang="vec" title="Donald Trump – Venetian">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="vls" lang="vls" title="Donald Trump – West Flemish">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="vo" lang="vo" title="Donald Trump – Volapük">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="wa" lang="wa" title="Donald Trump – Walloon">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="war" lang="war" title="Donald Trump – Waray">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B7%9D%E6%99%AE" hreflang="wuu" lang="wuu" title="唐納德·川普 – Wu Chinese">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="xh" lang="xh" title="Donald Trump – Xhosa">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" hreflang="xmf" lang="xmf" title="დონალდ ტრამპი – Mingrelian">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4" hreflang="yi" lang="yi" title="דאנאלד טראמפ – Yiddish">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="yo" lang="yo" title="Donald Trump – Yoruba">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="zea" lang="zea" title="Donald Trump – Zeelandic">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="nan" lang="nan" title="Donald Trump – Chinese (Min Nan)">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E5%8B%9E%E4%BE%B5" hreflang="yue" lang="yue" title="當勞侵 – Cantonese">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="zu" lang="zu" title="Donald Trump – Zulu">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF,_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD" hreflang="ab" lang="ab" title="Трамп, Дональд Џьон – Abkhazian">Аҧсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A8%D5%AC%D5%BF_%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D6%83" hreflang="hyw" lang="hyw" title="Տանըլտ Թրամփ – Western Armenian">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AF" hreflang="sat" lang="sat" title="ᱫᱳᱳᱚᱫᱷ ᱛᱨᱚᱱᱯ – Santali">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="lij" lang="lij" title="Donald Trump – Ligurian">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ty" lang="ty" title="Donald Trump – Tahitian">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="srn" lang="srn" title="Donald Trump – Sranan Tongo">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ny" lang="ny" title="Donald Trump – Nyanja">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donal_Traamp" hreflang="pih" lang="pih" title="Donal Traamp – Norfuk / Pitkern">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tramp" hreflang="crh" lang="crh" title="Donald Tramp – Crimean Turkish">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="jv" lang="jv" title="Donald Trump – Javanese">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="ban" lang="ban" title="Donald Trump – Balinese">Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_John_Trump" hreflang="szy" lang="szy" title="Donald John Trump – Sakizaya">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="tk" lang="tk" title="Donald Trump – Turkmen">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="co" lang="co" title="Donald Trump – Corsican">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%89_%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE" hreflang="ps" lang="ps" title="ډونالډ ټرامپ – Pashto">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8A_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8A" hreflang="cu" lang="cu" title="Доналдъ Трампъ – Church Slavic">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="iu" lang="iu" title="Donald Trump – Inuktitut">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="sq" lang="sq" title="Donald Trump – Albanian">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a class="interlanguage-link-target" href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump" hreflang="su" lang="su" title="Donald Trump – Sundanese">Sunda</a></li></ul>
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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"7.168","walltime":"7.706","ppvisitednodes":{"value":49993,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1851494,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":47543,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":21,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":43,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":3786652,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 6723.617 1 -total"," 68.08% 4577.540 2 Template:Reflist"," 52.92% 3558.233 839 Template:Cite_news"," 6.04% 406.065 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 5.09% 342.182 17 Template:Sfn"," 2.69% 180.797 48 Template:Cite_web"," 1.98% 132.952 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age"," 1.62% 108.588 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 1.21% 81.592 16 Template:Cite_book"," 1.14% 76.742 1 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[\"CITEREFBaker2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerDruckerCraigBarstow2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerEdmondson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerHaberman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerHabermanShear2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerRogersEnrichHaberman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBakerSang-Hun2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaldor2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarabak2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbaro2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbaroEder2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarkun2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnesCooper2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnesRosenberg2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrettFrosch2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrettRucker2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarrettZapotosky2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBarrettZapotoskyHelderman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarro2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarron2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarstowCraigBuettner2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBaumgaertnerRainey2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaylis2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeavers2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBecker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBecket2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeckwith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerenson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair2015a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlair2015b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake2020\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFBlow2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobic2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobicStein2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBobo2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBondarenko\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBookbinder2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorakEgan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorchers2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorger2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBorgerChulov2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorgerSmith2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBorundaMartinez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoseShalal2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouder2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBradnerFrehse2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrenner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreuninger2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreuninger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrice2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBruggeman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunnstromSpetalnick2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuchananYourish2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBudryk2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuettnerCraig2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBump2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBump2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBump2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBump2019\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFBump2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuncombe2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurns2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnsHabermanMartin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButterfield1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalabresi2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCalamur2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCaliaPramuk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbellSpector2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCapuzzo1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarney2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarothersBrown2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCassidy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChakraborty2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChalfant2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChalfantSamuels2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamberlain2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChappellNeuman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheney2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheneyDesiderio2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChozick2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizza2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizza2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizza2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizzaFahrenthold2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClift2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCloudPringleStokols2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoaston2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohan\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohenPolantzShortell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeGarvey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColvin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColvinBarrow2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFComey2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCongerAlba2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConley2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooke2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorkeryKarni2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCosta2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCostaRucker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrockett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowleyHassanSchmitt2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCuff1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCummings2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCummings2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCummings2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD\u0026#039;Antonio2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDale2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDale2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDale2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDangremond2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDanner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisPear2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisShear2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavisTackett2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDawsey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeYoung2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Moraes2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Vogue2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemirjian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDennis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesilver2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDetrow2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamond2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamondLiptak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiamondMalloyDewan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDilanianWindrem2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomonoskeGonzales2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrinkardWoodward2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDucharme2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDueck2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuehren2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunlap2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDwoskin2020\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFEckert2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEder2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEderPhilipps2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEderTwohey2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdmondson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwards2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEhrenfreund2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEilperinDawsey\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElizabethRadcliffe1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmery2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpstein\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEpsteinNelson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrenthold2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrenthold2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFahrentholdBadeWagner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrentholdHelderman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrentholdO\u0026#039;Harrow2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFandos2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFFandos2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarand2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarhi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarivar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarley2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarleyRobertsonGoreSpencer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeinbergBrantonMartinez-Ebers\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerris2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinnegan\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlanagan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlitter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlitter2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlitterOliphant2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFloodSingman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlores2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlores2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoderaro1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFolkenflik2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForgey2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFox2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedersdorf2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritze2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritze2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrum2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGabriel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGallup1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGambinoWalters2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarber2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcia2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeewax2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeist1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorgiou2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGera2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbs2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiroux2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGitell2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGladstone2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlasser2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlasser2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlynn1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolden2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldmacher2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordonSchmittHaberman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGorman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraham2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregorian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregorian2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregorianBennettWilliams2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreshkoParkerHowardStone2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrinbergPark2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrossmanHopkins2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrosz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrynbaum2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrynbaumParker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGunter2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaberman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaberman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermanBurns2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermanMartin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermanRappeport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHabermanSchmidt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHalperin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamburger2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansler2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisDawseyNakashima2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartigLapinskiPsyllos2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHauser2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaynes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHealyRappeport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeeb2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHensch2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerb2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbBrown2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbMattinglyRajuFox2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbst2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerreria2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHersherNeelyin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHesson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillyardHelsel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolanQiu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollandRamptonMason2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolshue2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHornaday2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHotakainen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowardLiptak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHutzler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHylton1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngram2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInwood2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsidoreSahadi2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIsidoreSchuman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacobs2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaffeRyan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJagoda\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJansenHayes2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanson1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnsonWagner2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones-Rooy2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJost2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoyce2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKanno-YoungsBenner2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarni2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarniHaberman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatersky2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKazin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeating2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeith2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKellyWetherbee2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeneally2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeneallyMallin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2018\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKesslerLee2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKharakhPrimack2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKielyFarleyRobertson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimWagnerDemirjian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKodjak2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoerner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKonnikova2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKopan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoppel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKranish2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKranishFisher2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrieg2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKumar2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKunzelmanGalvan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtzlebel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKwong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaFrance2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaFraniere2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaFraniere2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaVito2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLajevardiOskooii2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamothe\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamothe2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLanders2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandlerCooperSchmitt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaughland2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaw2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLawderBlanchard2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLederman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLeeKesslerKelly2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLelinwalla2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemire2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemireColvin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemireNadler2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonnigDawsey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonnigZapotoskyDawseyTan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerner2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevineRosenberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevingston2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewandowskiHicks2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichtblau2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinkins2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptak2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLiptonCraig2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiptonSangerHabermanShear2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockett2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongAlonso-Zaldivar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongStein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorenzo2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLowe2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLozada2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuce2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuckhurst2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuhby2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacAskill2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacKinnon2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadison2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadison2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahlerEder2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahlerFlegenheimer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaizland2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMak2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaltz2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMangan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkazi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarquardtCrook2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarshallZakMetz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaru\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMascaro2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMascaroJalonickMillerLong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazzetti2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcArdle2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCammon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCann2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCarthy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCausland2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormickJacobs2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCoy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcElweeMcDaniel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGranahan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGrane2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcNeil_Jr.2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcPherson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcQuade2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeixler2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeredith2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeredithBryer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerica2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerle2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerleKranishSonmez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiroffBlanco2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontenaro2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontopoli2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMontoya-Galvez2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoody2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoody2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorehouse2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoyerStarrsLarimer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMueller2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMui2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMuller2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurrayBorgerDiamond2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMustian2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNakamuraKim2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNededog2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFNelson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelsonMcGann2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNelsonNussbaum2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNesbit2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeumeisterHays2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewburger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNisen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNissenbaumSaidMalsin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoah2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNussbaum2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNussbaum2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;DonnellRutherford1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Hara\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neil2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhlheiser2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOprysko2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOreskes1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsborne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstrikerPuzzangheraFinucaneDatar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacelle2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPager2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalazzoloRothfeldAlpert2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalca2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalettaWerner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPanetta2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPark2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerDavenport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkerLandayStrobel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkinsonGauthier-Villars2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParnes2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPascoe2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPear2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearle2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPelley2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPengelly2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPenzenstadlerPage2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerezDiamond2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeters2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetersHaberman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson-Withorn2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPfiffner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhelpsStruyk2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilon2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlumer2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPopovichAlbeck-RipkaPierre-Louis2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPradhan2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramuk2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPramukKimball2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPramukWilkie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProtessRashbaum2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrzybylaSchecter2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrzybylaSchouten2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuente2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulidoBrunoFaiver-SernaGalentine2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiu\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQiu2017\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFQuigley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRai\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaju2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamptonLanday2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamptonSobczak2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRansom2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeport2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeportHaberman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRashbaumProtess2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeve2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReilly2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRein2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinstein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRevesz2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicciardelliNackerudCochraneSims2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiley-Smith2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRisen2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersAltman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersCook2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersFandos2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenstein2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowland2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuckerBadeCosta2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuckerCosta2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuckerDawseyWagner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuckerParker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRugaber2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRupar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRushinEdwards2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutenberg2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalpukas1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamenow2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamuels2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSangerHaberman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSangerWeilandSchmitt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSantucciMallinThomasFaulders2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarlin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatherley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatow2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaffnerMacwilliamsNteta2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchecter2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlesinger2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtAndrews2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtGoldman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidtLiptonSavage2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartzman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSciuttoWatkins2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFScott2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSegers2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeidelSneedSweet2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSelk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSevastopulo\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearApuzzo2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearFandos2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearFandos2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearGoodnoughHaberman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearHaberman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearKolata2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearLandlerApuzzoLichtblau2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearMervosh2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepard2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegelFaulders2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilver2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSilverman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimonSidner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingletary\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkelley2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkjeseth2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmialek2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnow2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolnik2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpagat2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpagat2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpector2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpinaci2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpring2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSprunt2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStablefordWilson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanek2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteeve2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinDawsey2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinPaletta2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinhauerMartinHerszenhorn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStelter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStelterCollins\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStern2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoddardMfula2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStolberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStoutGilpin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStump2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStump2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSubramanianCollinsJackson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSullivanMiller2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwanson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwart2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalevJacobs2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTani2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTannerLee2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTaylorMeko2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTedeschi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeirstein2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTharoor2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThe_White_House,_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomsen\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomsen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThrushHaberman2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTigasWei\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimm\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimm2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFToddMurrayDannHolzberg2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomasky2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorbati2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrimble2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrump2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrump2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTully2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTur2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFV.v.B2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValverde2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFVarkiani2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVenook2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViebeckMarkonDeYoung2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFViser2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVitkovskaya2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagnerHorwitz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagnerRies2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagnerSonmezItkowitz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWamsley2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeaver2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWeber2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiland2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeiler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWemple2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestwood2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhite2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWhitlock2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilberViswanatha2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamsNarayanswamy2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilts2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWindremSiemaszkoArkin2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinger2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintour2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWintourBurkeLivsey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWise2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWolfson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWong2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodward2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWoodwardPace2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWooten2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWroughtonEllsworth2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYenLongWoodward\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZapotoskyBuiJackmanBarrett2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZara2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZaveri2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZurcher2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZurcher2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZurcher2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Vogue2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFmantolius2016\"] = 1,\n [\"May_20,_2019\"] = 1,\n [\"White_supremacist_support\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 7,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 18,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 839,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite tweet\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 47,\n [\"Convert\"] = 2,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald\"] = 1,\n [\"Donald Trump\"] = 1,\n [\"Donald Trump series\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 8,\n [\"External media\"] = 1,\n [\"Flatlist\"] = 1,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 5,\n [\"Further2\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 46,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 3,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 11,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 4,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"Percentage\"] = 2,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 4,\n [\"Pp-move-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-vand\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 17,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 17,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 40,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 2,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 2,\n [\"USBill\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 3,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","580","13.3"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","500","11.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:41\u003E","380","8.7"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::match","300","6.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:683\u003E","200","4.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:661\u003E","180","4.1"],["type","180","4.1"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","3.7"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","140","3.2"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::plain","120","2.8"],["[others]","1620","37.2"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw1410","timestamp":"20200717192845","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script>
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Trump\n\nFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia\n\n\n\nJump to navigation\nJump to search\nFor other uses, see Donald Trump (disambiguation).\n\n\n45th president of the United States\n\n\nDonald Trump45th President of the United StatesIncumbentAssumed office January 20, 2017Vice PresidentMike PencePreceded byBarack Obama\nPersonal detailsBornDonald John Trump (1946-06-14) June 14, 1946 (age\xa074)Queens, New York CityPolitical partyRepublican (1987–1999, 2009–2011, 2012–present)Other politicalaffiliations\nDemocratic (until 1987, 2001–2009)\nReform (1999–2001)\nIndependent (2011–2012)\nSpouse(s)\nIvana Zelníčková(m.\xa01977; div.\xa01992)\nMarla Maples(m.\xa01993; div.\xa01999)\nMelania Knauss (m.\xa02005)\nChildren\nDonald Jr.\nIvanka\nEric\nTiffany\nBarron\nParentsFred TrumpMary Anne MacLeodRelativesFamily of Donald TrumpResidence\nWhite House (official)\nMar-a-Lago (personal)\nFull list\nAlma materThe Wharton School (BS in Econ.)Net worthUS$2.1 billion (April 2020)[a]AwardsList of honors and awardsSignatureWebsite\nOfficial website\nWhite House website\n\n\n\nThis article is part of a series aboutDonald Trump\n\nPresident of the United States\nIncumbent\n\n\nPresidency\nTransition\nInauguration\nTimeline\nExecutive actions\nproclamations\npardons\nTrips\ninternational\nNorth Korea summits\nSingapore\nHanoi\nDMZ\nHelsinki summit\nShutdowns\nJan 2018\n2018–19\nPolls\nLawsuits\nProtests\nSocial media\nVeracity\nKillings\nal-Baghdadi\nSoleimani\nCOVID-19 pandemic\nGeorge Floyd protests\n\nAppointments\nCabinet\nformation\nAmbassadors\nFederal judges\nGorsuch\nKavanaugh\nSupreme Court candidates\nExecutives\nU.S. Attorneys\nDismissals\nComey\n\nPolicies\nEconomy\ntax cuts\ntariffs\nChina trade war\nEnvironment\nParis withdrawal\nForeign policy\nIran deal\nJerusalem\nGolan\nPalestine peace plan\nImmigration\ntravel ban\nwall\nfamily separation\nmigrant detentions\ntroop deployments\nnational emergency\nInfrastructure\nSocial issues\ncannabis\nSpace\n\nImpeachment\nEarly efforts\nTrump–Ukraine scandal\nInquiry and hearings\nSenate trial\n\nPresidential campaigns\n2000\nprimaries\n2016\nelection\nprimaries\nendorsements\nrallies\nconvention\ndebates\nNever Trump movement\npeople\nsexual misconduct allegations\nAccess Hollywood tape\nwiretapping allegations\nSpygate\n2020\nelection\nprimaries\nendorsements\nrallies\nconvention\ndebates\n\n\nControversies involving Russia\nBusiness projects in Russia\nElection interference\ntimeline\ntopics\nAssociates\' links with Russian officials\nSteele dossier\nTrump Tower meeting\nClassified information disclosure\nSpecial Counsel investigation\nCrossfire Hurricane\ncharges\nMueller Report\nBarr letter\n\n\nBusiness and personal\nBusiness career\nThe Trump Organization\nwealth\ntax returns\nMedia career\nThe Apprentice\nBooks\nFilmography\nEponyms\nFamily\nFoundation\nGolf\nHonors\nIn popular culture\nSNL parodies\nLegal affairs\nStormy Daniels\nNicknames\nRacial views\nResidences\n\n\n\nvte\nDonald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.\nTrump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City, and received a bachelor\'s degree in economics from the Wharton School. He took charge of his family\'s real-estate business in 1971, renamed it The Trump Organization, and expanded its operations from Queens and Brooklyn into Manhattan. The company built or renovated skyscrapers, hotels, casinos, and golf courses. Trump later started various side ventures, mostly by licensing his name. He bought the Miss Universe brand of beauty pageants in 1996, and sold it in 2015. He produced and hosted The Apprentice, a reality television series, from 2003 to 2015. As of 2020[update], Forbes estimated his net worth to be $2.1\xa0billion.[a]\nTrump\'s political positions have been described as populist, protectionist, and nationalist. He entered the 2016 presidential race as a Republican and was elected in a surprise victory over Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, although he lost the popular vote.[b] He became the oldest first-term U.S. president,[c] and the first without prior military or government service. His election and policies have sparked numerous protests. Trump has made many false or misleading statements during his campaign and presidency. The statements have been documented by fact-checkers, and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics. Many of his comments and actions have been characterized as racially charged or racist.\nDuring his presidency, Trump ordered a travel ban on citizens from several Muslim-majority countries, citing security concerns; after legal challenges, the Supreme Court upheld the policy\'s third revision. He enacted a tax-cut package for individuals and businesses, rescinding the individual health insurance mandate penalty. He appointed Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court. In foreign policy, Trump has pursued an America First agenda, withdrawing the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade negotiations, the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the Iran nuclear deal. He imposed import tariffs which triggered a trade war with China, recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and withdrew U.S. troops from northern Syria. Trump met thrice with North Korea\'s leader Kim Jong-un, but talks on denuclearization broke down in 2019. Trump began running for a second term shortly after becoming president.\nA special counsel investigation led by Robert Mueller found that Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election under the belief that it would be politically advantageous, but did not find sufficient evidence to press charges of criminal conspiracy or coordination with Russia.[d] Mueller also investigated Trump for obstruction of justice, and his report neither indicted nor exonerated Trump on that offense. After Trump solicited the investigation of a political rival by Ukraine, the House of Representatives impeached him in December 2019 for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. The Senate acquitted him of both charges in February 2020.\n\n.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}Contents\n\n1 Personal life\n\n1.1 Early life\n\n1.1.1 Military deferment\n\n\n1.2 Family\n\n1.2.1 Parents and siblings\n1.2.2 Wives and children\n\n\n1.3 Religion\n1.4 Health and lifestyle\n1.5 Wealth\n\n\n2 Business career\n\n2.1 Real estate\n\n2.1.1 Manhattan developments\n2.1.2 Palm Beach estate\n2.1.3 Atlantic City casinos\n2.1.4 Golf courses\n\n\n2.2 Branding and licensing\n2.3 Legal affairs and bankruptcies\n2.4 Side ventures\n\n2.4.1 Trump University\n\n\n2.5 Foundation\n2.6 Conflicts of interest\n\n\n3 Media career\n\n3.1 Books\n3.2 WWE\n3.3 The Apprentice\n3.4 Acting\n3.5 Talk shows\n\n\n4 Political career\n\n4.1 Political activities up to 2015\n\n4.1.1 2000 presidential campaign\n4.1.2 2012 presidential speculation\n4.1.3 2013–2015\n\n\n4.2 2016 presidential campaign\n\n4.2.1 Republican primaries\n4.2.2 General election campaign\n4.2.3 Political positions\n4.2.4 Campaign rhetoric\n4.2.5 Support from the far right\n4.2.6 Financial disclosures\n\n\n4.3 Election to the presidency\n4.4 Protests\n4.5 2020 presidential campaign\n\n\n5 Presidency\n\n5.1 Early actions\n5.2 Domestic policy\n\n5.2.1 Economy and trade\n5.2.2 Energy and climate\n5.2.3 Government size and deregulation\n5.2.4 Health care\n5.2.5 Social issues\n5.2.6 Pardons and commutations\n\n\n5.3 Immigration\n\n5.3.1 Travel ban\n5.3.2 Family separation at border\n5.3.3 Migrant detentions\n5.3.4 2018–2019 federal government shutdown\n5.3.5 National emergency regarding the southern border\n5.3.6 Trump wall\n\n\n5.4 Foreign policy\n\n5.4.1 ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan\n5.4.2 Iran\n5.4.3 Israel\n5.4.4 China\n5.4.5 North Korea\n5.4.6 Russia\n5.4.7 Cuba\n5.4.8 Venezuela\n5.4.9 NATO\n\n\n5.5 Personnel\n\n5.5.1 Dismissal of James Comey\n\n\n5.6 COVID-19 pandemic\n5.7 Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op\n\n\n6 Public profile\n\n6.1 Approval ratings\n6.2 Social media\n6.3 False statements\n6.4 Relationship with the press\n6.5 Racial views\n6.6 Allegations of sexual misconduct\n6.7 Allegations of inciting violence\n6.8 Popular culture\n6.9 Recognition\n\n\n7 Investigations\n\n7.1 Hush payments\n7.2 Russian interference\n7.3 Special counsel investigation\n7.4 Associates\n7.5 2019 congressional investigation\n\n\n8 Impeachment\n\n8.1 Impeachment by the House of Representatives\n8.2 Impeachment trial in the Senate\n\n\n9 Notes\n10 References\n\n10.1 Works cited\n\n\n11 External links\n\n\n\nPersonal life\nEarly life\n 1964 New York Military Academy yearbook photo\nTrump was born on June 14, 1946, at Jamaica Hospital in the borough of Queens, New York City.[1] His father was Frederick Christ Trump, a Bronx-born real estate developer whose parents were German immigrants. His mother was Scottish-born housewife Mary Anne MacLeod Trump. Trump grew up in the Jamaica Estates neighborhood of Queens and attended the Kew-Forest School from kindergarten through seventh grade.[2][3] At age 13, he was enrolled in the New York Military Academy, a private boarding school.[4]\nIn 1964, he enrolled at Fordham University. Two years later he transferred to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.[5] While at Wharton, he worked at the family business, Elizabeth Trump & Son.[6] He graduated in May 1968 with a B.S. in economics.[5][7] Profiles of Trump published in The New York Times in 1973 and 1976 erroneously reported that he had graduated first in his class at Wharton, but he had never made the school\'s honor roll.[8] In 2015, Trump\'s lawyer Michael Cohen threatened Fordham University and the New York Military Academy with legal action if they released Trump\'s academic records.[9]\n\nMilitary deferment\nWhile in college, Trump obtained four student draft deferments.[10] In 1966, he was deemed fit for military service based upon a medical examination, and in July 1968 a local draft board classified him as eligible to serve.[11] In October 1968, he was medically deferred and classified 1-Y (unqualified for duty except in the case of a national emergency).[12] In 1972, he was reclassified 4-F due to bone spurs, which permanently disqualified him from service.[13][14] Trump said in 2015 the deferment was for a bone spur in his foot, though he could not remember which foot had been afflicted.[12]\n\nFamily\nMain article: Family of Donald Trump\nFurther information: Trump family\n Trump is sworn in as president by Chief Justice John Roberts on January 20, 2017. From left: Trump, wife Melania, and his children Donald Jr., Barron, Ivanka, Eric, and Tiffany.\nParents and siblings\nFred Trump started working in real estate with his mother Elizabeth when he was 15, after his father Friedrich had died in the 1918 flu pandemic.[15] Their company, "E. Trump & Son", founded in 1923,[16] was active in the New York boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn, building and selling thousands of houses, barracks, and apartments.[17] Fred claimed to be Swedish amid the anti-German sentiment sparked by World War II;[18] Donald Trump also claimed Swedish heritage until 1990.[19] Trump\'s mother Mary Anne MacLeod was born in Scotland.[20] Fred and Mary were married in 1936 and raised their family in Queens.[21] Trump grew up with three elder siblings\xa0– Maryanne, Fred Jr., and Elizabeth\xa0– and younger brother Robert.[22]\n\nWives and children\nIn 1977, Trump married Czech model Ivana Zelníčková.[23] They have three children, Donald Jr. (born 1977), Ivanka (born 1981), and Eric (born 1984), and ten grandchildren.[24] Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988.[25] The couple divorced in 1992, following Trump\'s affair with actress Marla Maples.[26] Maples and Trump married in 1993[27] and had one daughter, Tiffany (born 1993).[28] They were divorced in 1999,[29] and Tiffany was raised by Marla in California.[30] In 2005, Trump married Slovenian model Melania Knauss.[31] They have one son, Barron (born 2006).[32] Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.[33]\n\nReligion\nTrump identifies as Presbyterian. He went to Sunday school and was confirmed in 1959 at the First Presbyterian Church in Jamaica, Queens.[34][35] In the 1970s, his parents joined the Marble Collegiate Church in Manhattan, which belongs to the Reformed Church.[34][36] The pastor at Marble, Norman Vincent Peale,[34] ministered to Trump\'s family until Peale\'s death in 1993.[36] Trump has described Peale as a mentor.[37] In 2015, after Trump said he attends Marble, the church publicly stated he "is not an active member" of the church.[35]\nWhile campaigning, Trump said, "Nothing beats the Bible."[38] In November 2019, Trump appointed his personal pastor, televangelist Paula White, to the White House Office of Public Liaison.[39]\n\nHealth and lifestyle\nTrump abstains from alcohol.[40] He claims he has never smoked cigarettes or cannabis.[41] He likes fast food and French cuisine.[42][43] He has said he prefers three to four hours of sleep per night.[44] He has called golfing his "primary form of exercise", although he usually does not walk the course.[45] He considers exercise a waste of energy, because he believes the body is "like a battery, with a finite amount of energy" which is depleted by exercise.[46]\nIn December 2015, Harold Bornstein, who had been Trump\'s personal physician since 1980, wrote in a letter that he would "be the healthiest individual ever elected to the presidency".[47] In May 2018, Bornstein said Trump had dictated the contents of the letter,[48] and that three agents of Trump had removed his medical records in February 2017 without due authorization.[49]\nIn January 2018, White House physician Ronny Jackson said Trump was in excellent health and that his cardiac assessment revealed no issues.[50] Several outside cardiologists commented that Trump\'s 2018 LDL cholesterol level of 143 did not indicate excellent health.[51] In February 2019, after a new examination, White House physician Sean Conley said Trump was in "very good health overall", although he was clinically obese.[52] His 2019 coronary CT calcium scan score indicates he suffers from a form of coronary artery disease common for white men of his age.[53]\nIn June 2020, Conley released a memorandum saying "the data indicates that the President remains healthy."[54][55] The memorandum was not the usual report issued after the annual physical exam. It summarized medical appointments that had taken place between November 2019 and 2020. It also said Trump had completed two-weeks of taking hydroxychloroquine with zinc and vitamin D "safely and without side effects" as a preventive measure against contracting COVID-19.[54]\n\nWealth\nMain article: Wealth of Donald Trump\nSee also: Tax returns of Donald Trump\n Trump and wife Ivana in the receiving line of a state dinner for King Fahd of Saudi Arabia in 1985,[56] with U.S. president Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan\nIn 1982, Trump was listed on the initial Forbes list of wealthy individuals as having a share of his family\'s estimated $200\xa0million net worth. His financial losses in the 1980s caused him to be dropped from the list between 1990 and 1995.[57] In its 2020 billionaires ranking, Forbes estimated Trump\'s net worth at $2.1\xa0billion[a] (1,001st in the world, 275th in the U.S.)[60] making him one of the richest politicians in American history and the first billionaire American president.[60] During the three years since Trump announced his presidential run in 2015, Forbes estimated his net worth declined 31% and his ranking fell 138 spots.[61] When he filed mandatory financial disclosure forms with the Federal Elections Commission (FEC) in July 2015, Trump claimed a net worth of about $10\xa0billion;[62] however, FEC figures cannot corroborate this estimate because they only show each of his largest buildings as being worth over $50\xa0million, yielding total assets worth more than $1.4\xa0billion and debt over $265\xa0million.[63] Trump said in a 2007 deposition, "My net worth fluctuates, and it goes up and down with markets and with attitudes and with feelings, even my own feelings."[64]\nJournalist Jonathan Greenberg reported in April 2018 that Trump, using the pseudonym "John Barron" and claiming to be a Trump Organization official, called him in 1984 to falsely assert that he owned "in excess of ninety percent" of the Trump family\'s business, in an effort to secure a higher ranking on the Forbes 400 list of wealthy Americans. Greenberg also wrote that Forbes had vastly overestimated Trump\'s wealth and wrongly included him on the Forbes 400 rankings of 1982, 1983, and 1984.[65]\nTrump has often said he began his career with "a small loan of one million dollars" from his father, and that he had to pay it back with interest.[66] In October 2018, The New York Times reported that Trump "was a millionaire by age 8", borrowed at least $60\xa0million from his father, largely failed to reimburse him, and had received $413\xa0million (adjusted for inflation) from his father\'s business empire over his lifetime.[67][68] According to the report, Trump and his family committed tax fraud, which a lawyer for Trump denied. The tax department of New York says it is "vigorously pursuing all appropriate avenues of investigation" into it.[69][70] Analyses by The Economist and The Washington Post have concluded that Trump\'s investments underperformed the stock market.[71][72] Forbes estimated in October 2018 that the value of Trump\'s personal brand licensing business had declined by 88% since 2015, to $3\xa0million.[73]\nTrump\'s tax returns from 1985 to 1994 show net losses totaling $1.17\xa0billion over the ten-year period, in contrast to his claims about his financial health and business abilities. The New York Times reported that "year after year, Mr. Trump appears to have lost more money than nearly any other individual American taxpayer", and Trump\'s "core business losses in 1990 and 1991\xa0– more than $250\xa0million each year\xa0– were more than double those of the nearest taxpayers in the I.R.S. information for those years". In 1995 his reported losses were $915.7\xa0million.[74][75]\n\nBusiness career\nMain article: Business career of Donald Trump\nFurther information: Business projects of Donald Trump in Russia\nReal estate\n Distinctive façade of Trump Tower, headquarters of the Trump Organization in Midtown Manhattan\nTrump began his career in 1968 at his father Fred\'s real estate development company, E. Trump & Son, which owned middle-class rental housing in New York City\'s outer boroughs.[76][77] In 1971, he became president of the company and renamed it The Trump Organization.[78]\n\nManhattan developments\nTrump attracted public attention in 1978 with the launch of his family\'s first Manhattan venture, the renovation of the derelict Commodore Hotel, adjacent to Grand Central Terminal. The financing was facilitated by a $400\xa0million city property tax abatement arranged by Fred Trump,[79] who also joined Hyatt in guaranteeing $70\xa0million in bank construction financing.[80][81] The hotel reopened in 1980 as the Grand Hyatt Hotel,[82] and that same year, Trump obtained rights to develop Trump Tower, a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan.[83] The building houses the headquarters of the Trump Organization and was Trump\'s primary residence until 2019.[84][85]\nIn 1988, Trump acquired the Plaza Hotel in Manhattan with a loan of $425\xa0million from a consortium of banks. Two years later, the hotel filed for bankruptcy protection, and a reorganization plan was approved in 1992.[86] In 1995, Trump lost the hotel to Citibank and investors from Singapore and Saudi Arabia, who assumed $300\xa0million of the debt.[87][88]\nIn 1996, Trump acquired a vacant 71-story skyscraper at 40 Wall Street. After an extensive renovation, the high-rise was renamed the Trump Building.[89] In the early 1990s, Trump won the right to develop a 70-acre (28\xa0ha) tract in the Lincoln Square neighborhood near the Hudson River. Struggling with debt from other ventures in 1994, Trump sold most of his interest in the project to Asian investors who were able to finance completion of the project, Riverside South.[90]\n\nPalm Beach estate\nMain article: Mar-a-Lago\n Mar-a-Lago in 2009\nIn 1985, Trump acquired the Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida.[91] Trump used a wing of the estate as a home, while converting the remainder into a private club with an initiation fee and annual dues.[92] The initiation fee was $100,000 until 2016; it was doubled to $200,000 in January 2017.[93] On September 27, 2019, Trump declared Mar-a-Lago his primary residence.[85]\n\nAtlantic City casinos\nIn 1984, Trump opened Harrah\'s at Trump Plaza hotel and casino in Atlantic City, New Jersey with financing from the Holiday Corporation, who also managed the operation. Gambling had been legalized there in 1977 in an effort to revitalize the once-popular seaside destination.[94] Soon after it opened the casino was renamed "Trump Plaza", but the property\'s poor financial results worsened tensions between Holiday and Trump, who paid Holiday $70\xa0million in May 1986 to take sole control of the property.[95] Earlier, Trump had also acquired a partially completed building in Atlantic City from the Hilton Corporation for $320\xa0million. Upon its completion in 1985, that hotel and casino was called Trump Castle. Trump\'s then-wife Ivana managed it until 1988.[96][97]\n\n Entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal in Atlantic City\nTrump acquired a third casino in Atlantic City, the Taj Mahal, in 1988 in a highly leveraged transaction.[98] It was financed with $675\xa0million in junk bonds and completed at a cost of $1.1\xa0billion, opening in April 1990.[99][100][101] The project went bankrupt the following year,[100] and the reorganization left Trump with only half his initial ownership stake and required him to pledge personal guarantees of future performance.[102] Facing "enormous debt", he gave up control of his money-losing airline, Trump Shuttle, and sold his 282-foot (86\xa0m) mega yacht, the Trump Princess, which had been indefinitely docked in Atlantic City while leased to his casinos for use by wealthy gamblers.[103][104]\nIn 1995, Trump founded Trump Hotels & Casino Resorts (THCR), which assumed ownership of Trump Plaza, Trump Castle, and the Trump Casino in Gary, Indiana.[105] THCR purchased the Taj Mahal in 1996 and underwent successive bankruptcies in 2004, 2009, and 2014, leaving Trump with only ten percent ownership.[106] He remained chairman of THCR until 2009.[107]\n\nGolf courses\nMain article: Donald Trump and golf\n Turnberry Hotel and golf course in Ayrshire, Scotland\nThe Trump Organization began acquiring and constructing golf courses in 1999.[108] It owned 16 golf courses and resorts worldwide and operated another two as of December 2016[update]. According to Trump\'s FEC personal financial disclosure, his 2015 golf and resort revenue amounted to $382\xa0million.[109]\nFrom his inauguration until the end of 2019, Trump spent around one out of every five days at one of his golf clubs.[110]\n\nBranding and licensing\nSee also: List of things named after Donald Trump\n Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago\nAfter the Trump Organization\'s financial losses in the early 1990s, it refocused its business on branding and licensing the Trump name for projects owned and operated by other people and companies.[111] In the late 2000s and early 2010s, it expanded this branding and management business to hotel towers located around the world, including Chicago; Las Vegas; Washington, D.C.; Panama City; Toronto; and Vancouver. There were also Trump-branded buildings in Dubai, Honolulu, Istanbul, Manila, Mumbai, and Indonesia.[112]\nThe Trump name has also been licensed for various consumer products and services, including foodstuffs, apparel, adult learning courses, and home furnishings.[113][114] According to an analysis by The Washington Post, there are more than fifty licensing or management deals involving Trump\'s name, which have generated at least $59\xa0million in yearly revenue for his companies.[115] By 2018 only two consumer goods companies continued to license his name.[114]\n\nLegal affairs and bankruptcies\nMain articles: Legal affairs of Donald Trump and List of lawsuits involving Donald Trump\nFixer Roy Cohn served as Trump\'s lawyer and mentor in the 1970s and 1980s, with a 13-year relationship.[116][117] According to Trump, they were so close that Cohn sometimes waived fees due to their friendship.[77] In 1973, Cohn helped Trump counter-sue the United States government for $100\xa0million over its charges that Trump\'s properties had racial discriminatory practices; in 1975 an agreement was struck for Trump\'s properties to change their practices.[118] It was Cohn who introduced political consultant Roger Stone to Trump, who enlisted Stone\'s services to deal with the federal government.[119]\nAs of April 2018[update], Trump and his businesses had been involved in more than 4,000 state and federal legal actions, according to a running tally by USA Today.[120] As of 2016[update], he or one of his companies had been the plaintiff in 1,900 cases and the defendant in 1,450.[121]\nWhile Trump has not filed for personal bankruptcy, his over-leveraged hotel and casino businesses in Atlantic City and New York filed for Chapter\xa011 bankruptcy protection six times between 1991 and 2009.[122][123] They continued to operate while the banks restructured debt and reduced Trump\'s shares in the properties.[122][123]\nDuring the 1980s, more than 70 banks had lent Trump $4\xa0billion,[124] but in the aftermath of his corporate bankruptcies of the early 1990s, most major banks declined to lend to him, with only Deutsche Bank still willing to lend money.[125]\nIn April 2019, the House Oversight Committee issued subpoenas seeking financial details from Trump\'s banks, Deutsche Bank and Capital One, and his accounting firm, Mazars USA. In response, Trump sued the banks, Mazars, and committee chairman Elijah Cummings to prevent the disclosures.[126][127] In May, DC District Court judge Amit Mehta ruled that Mazars must comply with the subpoena,[128] and judge Edgardo Ramos of the Southern District Court of New York ruled that the banks must also comply.[129][130] Trump\'s attorneys appealed the rulings,[131] arguing that Congress was attempting to usurp the "exercise of law-enforcement authority that the Constitution reserves to the executive branch".[132][133]\n\nSide ventures\nAfter taking over control of the Trump Organization in 1971, Trump expanded its real estate operations and ventured into other business activities. The company eventually became the umbrella organization for several hundred individual business ventures and partnerships.[134]\nIn September 1983, Trump purchased the New Jersey Generals, a team in the United States Football League. After the 1985 season, the league folded largely due to Trump\'s strategy of moving games to a fall schedule where they competed with the NFL for audience, and trying to force a merger with the NFL by bringing an antitrust suit against the organization.[135][136]\nTrump\'s businesses have hosted several boxing matches at the Atlantic City Convention Hall adjacent to and promoted as taking place at the Trump Plaza in Atlantic City, including Mike Tyson\'s 1988 heavyweight championship fight against Michael Spinks.[137][138] In 1989 and 1990, Trump lent his name to the Tour de Trump cycling stage race, which was an attempt to create an American equivalent of European races such as the Tour de France or the Giro d\'Italia.[139]\nIn the late 1980s, Trump mimicked the actions of Wall Street\'s so-called corporate raiders, whose tactics had attracted wide public attention. Trump began to purchase significant blocks of shares in various public companies, leading some observers to think he was engaged in the practice called greenmail, or feigning the intent to acquire the companies and then pressuring management to repurchase the buyer\'s stake at a premium. The New York Times found that Trump initially made millions of dollars in such stock transactions, but later "lost most, if not all, of those gains after investors stopped taking his takeover talk seriously".[140][141][142]\n\n Trump\'s star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame\nIn 1988, Trump purchased the defunct Eastern Air Lines shuttle, with 21 planes and landing rights in New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. He financed the purchase with $380\xa0million from 22 banks, rebranded the operation the Trump Shuttle, and operated it until 1992. Trump failed to earn a profit with the airline and sold it to USAir.[143]\nFrom 1996 to 2015, Trump owned all or part of the Miss Universe pageants, including Miss USA and Miss Teen USA.[144][145] Due to disagreements with CBS about scheduling, he took both pageants to NBC in 2002.[146][147] In 2007, Trump received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work as producer of Miss Universe.[148] After NBC and Univision dropped the pageants from their broadcasting lineups in June 2015,[149] Trump bought NBC\'s share of the Miss Universe Organization and sold the entire company to the William Morris talent agency.[150]\n\nTrump University\nMain article: Trump University\nIn 2004, Trump co-founded a company called Trump University which sold real estate training courses priced from $1,500 to $35,000.[151][152] After New York State authorities notified the company that its use of the word "university" violated state law, its name was changed to Trump Entrepreneur Initiative in 2010.[153]\nIn 2013, the State of New York filed a $40\xa0million civil suit against Trump University; the suit alleged that the company made false statements and defrauded consumers.[154][155] In addition, two class actions were filed in federal court; they named Trump personally as well as his companies. Internal documents revealed that employees were instructed to use a hard-sell approach, and former employees said in depositions that Trump University had defrauded or lied to its students.[156][157][158][159][160] Shortly after he won the presidency, Trump agreed to pay a total of $25\xa0million to settle the three cases.[161]\n\nFoundation\nMain article: Donald J. Trump Foundation\nThe Donald J. Trump Foundation was a U.S.-based private foundation established in 1988 for the initial purpose of giving away proceeds from the book Trump: The Art of the Deal.[162][163] In the foundation\'s final years its funds mostly came from donors other than Trump, who did not donate any personal funds to the charity from 2009 until 2014.[164] The foundation gave to health care and sports-related charities, as well as conservative groups.[165]\nIn 2016, The Washington Post reported that the charity had committed several potential legal and ethical violations, including alleged self-dealing and possible tax evasion.[166] Also in 2016, the New York State Attorney General\'s office said the foundation appeared to be in violation of New York laws regarding charities and ordered it to immediately cease its fundraising activities in New York.[167][168] Trump\'s team announced in late December 2016 that the Foundation would be dissolved to remove "even the appearance of any conflict with [his] role as President".[169]\nIn June 2018 the New York attorney general\'s office filed a civil suit against the foundation, Trump himself, and his adult children, asking for $2.8\xa0million in restitution and additional penalties.[170][171] In December 2018, the foundation ceased operation and disbursed all its assets to other charities.[172] The following November, a New York state judge ordered Trump to pay $2\xa0million to a group of charities for misusing the foundation\'s funds, in part to finance his presidential campaign.[173][174]\n\nConflicts of interest\n Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then the prime minister of Turkey, attended the opening of Trump Towers Istanbul AVM in 2012.\nBefore being inaugurated as president, Trump moved his businesses into a revocable trust run by his eldest sons and a business associate.[175][176] According to ethics experts, measures taken by Trump do not help avoid conflicts of interest as long as he continues to profit from his businesses.[177] Because Trump would have knowledge of how his administration\'s policies affect his businesses, ethics experts recommend selling the businesses.[176] Though Trump said he would eschew "new foreign deals", the Trump Organization has since pursued expansions of its operations in Dubai, Scotland, and the Dominican Republic.[177]\nMultiple lawsuits have been filed alleging that Trump is violating the Emoluments Clause of the United States Constitution, which forbids presidents from taking money from foreign governments, due to his business interests; they argue that these interests allow foreign governments to influence him.[177][178] Previous presidents in the modern era have either divested their holdings or put them in blind trusts,[175] and he is the first president to be sued over the emoluments clause.[178] According to The Guardian, "NBC News recently calculated that representatives of at least 22 foreign governments\xa0– including some facing charges of corruption or human rights abuses such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Turkey and the Philippines\xa0– seem to have spent funds at Trump properties while he has been president."[179] On October 21, 2019, Trump mocked the Emoluments Clause as "phony".[180]\nIn 2015, Trump said he "makes a lot of money with" the Saudis and that "they pay me millions and hundreds of millions."[181] And at a political rally, Trump said about Saudi Arabia: "They buy apartments from me. They spend $40\xa0million, $50\xa0million. Am I supposed to dislike them? I like them very much."[182]\nIn December 2015, Trump said in a radio interview that he had a "conflict of interest" in dealing with Turkey and Turkish president Tayyip Erdoğan because of his Trump Towers Istanbul, saying "I have a little conflict of interest because I have a major, major building in Istanbul and it\'s a tremendously successful job\xa0... It\'s called Trump Towers\xa0– two towers instead of one\xa0... I\'ve gotten to know Turkey very well".[183][184]\n\nMedia career\nMain article: Media career of Donald Trump\nBooks\nMain article: Bibliography of Donald Trump\nTrump\'s first book, The Art of the Deal (1987), was on the New York Times Best Seller list for 48 weeks. According to The New Yorker, "The book expanded Trump\'s renown far beyond New York City, promoting an image of himself as a successful dealmaker and tycoon." Trump was credited as the book\'s co-author with Tony Schwartz. Schwartz later said he had done all the writing, and this was confirmed by Howard Kaminsky, who at the time the book appeared was head of its publisher, Random House.[185] Trump has called The Art of the Deal his second favorite book, after the Bible.[186]\nTwo lesser memoirs were published in 1990 and 1997.\n\nWWE\nTrump has had a sporadic relationship with the professional wrestling promotion WWE (World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment) since the late 1980s.[187][188] He headlined the record-breaking WrestleMania 23 in 2007 and was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame in 2013.[189] WWE co-founder and former CEO Linda McMahon later worked in his administration and election campaigns.[189]\n\nThe Apprentice\nMain article: The Apprentice (American TV series)\nIn 2003, Trump became the co-producer and host of The Apprentice, a reality show in which Trump played the role of a powerful chief executive and contestants competed for a year of employment at the Trump Organization. Trump winnowed out contestants with his famous catchphrase "You\'re fired".[190] He later co-hosted The Celebrity Apprentice, in which celebrities competed to win money for charities.[190]\n\nActing\nMain article: Donald Trump filmography\nTrump has made cameo appearances in eight films and television shows[191][192] and performed a song as a Green Acres character with Megan Mullally at the 57th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2005.[193]\n\nTalk shows\nStarting in the 1990s, Trump was a guest about 24 times on the nationally syndicated Howard Stern Show.[194] He also had his own short-form talk radio program called Trumped! (one to two minutes on weekdays) from 2004 to 2008.[195][196] In 2011, he was given a weekly unpaid guest commentator spot on Fox & Friends which continued until he started his presidential candidacy in 2015.[197][198]\n\nPolitical career\nMain article: Political career of Donald Trump\nPolitical activities up to 2015\n Trump and President Bill Clinton in June 2000\nTrump\'s political party affiliation changed numerous times. He registered as a Republican in Manhattan in 1987, switched to the Reform Party in 1999, the Democratic Party in 2001, and back to the Republican Party in 2009.[199]\nIn 1987, Trump placed full-page advertisements in three major newspapers,[200] advocating peace in Central America, accelerated nuclear disarmament talks with the Soviet Union, and reduction of the federal budget deficit by making American allies pay "their fair share" for military defense.[201] He ruled out running for local office but not for the presidency.[200]\n\n2000 presidential campaign\nMain article: Donald Trump 2000 presidential campaign\nIn 1999, Trump filed an exploratory committee to seek the nomination of the Reform Party for the 2000 presidential election.[202][203] A July 1999 poll matching him against likely Republican nominee George W. Bush and likely Democratic nominee Al Gore showed Trump with seven percent support.[204] Trump dropped out of the race in February 2000.[205]\n\n2012 presidential speculation\n Trump speaking at CPAC 2011\nTrump speculated about running for president in the 2012 election, making his first speaking appearance at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in February 2011 and giving speeches in early primary states.[206][207] In May 2011 he announced he would not run.[206]\nTrump\'s presidential ambitions were generally not taken seriously at the time.[208] Before the 2016 election, The New York Times speculated that Trump "accelerated his ferocious efforts to gain stature within the political world" after Obama lampooned him at the White House Correspondents\' Association Dinner in April 2011.[209]\nIn 2011, the superintendent of the New York Military Academy at the time, Jeffrey Coverdale, ordered the headmaster of the school, Evan Jones, to give him Trump\'s academic records so he could keep them secret, according to Jones. Coverdale confirmed that he had been asked to hand the records over to members of the school\'s board of trustees who were Trump\'s friends, but he refused to and instead sealed them on campus. The incident reportedly happened days after Trump demanded the release of President Barack Obama\'s academic records.[210]\n\n2013–2015\nIn 2013, Trump spoke at CPAC again;[211] he railed against illegal immigration, bemoaned Obama\'s "unprecedented media protection", advised against harming Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security, and suggested the government "take" Iraq\'s oil and use the proceeds to pay a million dollars each to families of dead soldiers.[212][213] He spent over $1\xa0million that year to research a possible 2016 candidacy.[214]\nIn October 2013, New York Republicans circulated a memo suggesting Trump should run for governor of the state in 2014 against Andrew Cuomo. Trump responded that while New York had problems and its taxes were too high, he was not interested in the governorship.[215] A February 2014 Quinnipiac poll had shown Trump losing to the more popular Cuomo by 37 points in a hypothetical election.[216]\nAccording to Trump\'s attorney Michael Cohen, in May 2015 he sent letters to the New York Military Academy and to Fordham, threatening legal action if the schools ever released Trump\'s grades or SAT scores; Fordham confirmed receipt of the letter as well as a phone call from a member of the Trump team.[217]\n\n2016 presidential campaign\nMain article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign\nRepublican primaries\nSee also: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries\n Trump campaigning in Laconia, New Hampshire, July 2015\nOn June 16, 2015, Trump announced his candidacy for President of the United States at Trump Tower in Manhattan. In the speech, Trump discussed illegal immigration, offshoring of American jobs, the U.S. national debt, and Islamic terrorism, which all remained large priorities during the campaign. He also announced his campaign slogan: "Make America Great Again".[218] Trump said his wealth would make him immune to pressure from campaign donors.[219] He declared that he was funding his own campaign,[220] but according to The Atlantic, "Trump\'s claims of self-funding have always been dubious at best and actively misleading at worst."[221]\nTrump\'s campaign was initially not taken seriously by political analysts, but he quickly rose to the top of opinion polls.[222]\nOn Super Tuesday, Trump received the most votes, and he remained the front-runner throughout the primaries. By March 2016, Trump was poised to win the Republican nomination.[223] After a landslide win in Indiana on May 3, 2016\xa0– which prompted the remaining candidates Cruz and John Kasich to suspend their presidential campaigns\xa0– RNC chairman Reince Priebus declared Trump the presumptive Republican nominee.[224]\n\nGeneral election campaign\nAfter becoming the presumptive Republican nominee, Trump shifted his focus to the general election. Trump began campaigning against Hillary Clinton, who became the presumptive Democratic nominee on June 6, 2016.\nClinton had established a significant lead over Trump in national polls throughout most of 2016. In early July, Clinton\'s lead narrowed in national polling averages following the FBI\'s re-opening the investigation into her ongoing email controversy.[225][226][227]\n\n Candidate Trump and running mate Mike Pence at the Republican National Convention, July 2016\nOn July 15, 2016, Trump announced his selection of Indiana governor Mike Pence as his running mate.[228] Four days later, the two were officially nominated by the Republican Party at the Republican National Convention.[229] The list of convention speakers and attendees included former presidential nominee Bob Dole, but the other prior nominees did not attend.[230][231]\nOn September 26, 2016, Trump and Clinton faced off in their first presidential debate, which was held at Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York.[232] The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. The final presidential debate was held on October 19 at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Trump\'s refusal to say whether he would accept the result of the election, regardless of the outcome, drew particular attention, with some saying it undermined democracy.[233][234]\n\nPolitical positions\nMain article: Political positions of Donald Trump\nTrump\'s campaign platform emphasized renegotiating U.S.–China relations and free trade agreements such as NAFTA and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, strongly enforcing immigration laws, and building a new wall along the U.S.–Mexico border. His other campaign positions included pursuing energy independence while opposing climate change regulations such as the Clean Power Plan and the Paris Agreement, modernizing and expediting services for veterans, repealing and replacing the Affordable Care Act, abolishing Common Core education standards, investing in infrastructure, simplifying the tax code while reducing taxes for all economic classes, and imposing tariffs on imports by companies that offshore jobs. During the campaign, he also advocated a largely non-interventionist approach to foreign policy while increasing military spending, extreme vetting or banning immigrants from Muslim-majority countries[235] to pre-empt domestic Islamic terrorism, and aggressive military action against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. During the campaign Trump repeatedly called NATO "obsolete".[236][237]\nHis political positions have been described as populist,[238][239][240] and some of his views cross party lines. For example, his economic campaign plan calls for deregulation and large reductions in income taxes, consistent with Republican Party policies,[241] along with significant infrastructure investment, usually considered a Democratic Party policy.[242] Trump has supported or leaned toward varying political positions over time.[243][244] Politico has described his positions as "eclectic, improvisational and often contradictory",[245] while NBC News counted "141 distinct shifts on 23 major issues" during his campaign.[246]\n\nCampaign rhetoric\nIn his campaign, Trump said he disdained political correctness; he also said the media had intentionally misinterpreted his words, and he made other claims of adverse media bias.[247][248][249] In part due to his fame, and due to his willingness to say things other candidates would not, and because a candidate who is gaining ground automatically provides a compelling news story, Trump received an unprecedented amount of free media coverage during his run for the presidency, which elevated his standing in the Republican primaries.[250]\nFact-checking organizations have denounced Trump for making a record number of false statements compared to other candidates.[251][252][253] At least four major publications\xa0– Politico, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times\xa0– have pointed out lies or falsehoods in his campaign statements, with the Los Angeles Times saying, "Never in modern presidential politics has a major candidate made false statements as routinely as Trump has".[254] NPR said Trump\'s campaign statements were often opaque or suggestive.[255]\nTrump\'s penchant for hyperbole is believed to have roots in the New York real estate scene, where Trump established his wealth and where puffery abounds.[256] Trump adopted his ghostwriter\'s phrase "truthful hyperbole" to describe his public speaking style.[256][257]\n\nSupport from the far right\n\nAccording to Michael Barkun, the Trump campaign was remarkable for bringing fringe ideas, beliefs, and organizations into the mainstream.[258] During his presidential campaign, Trump was accused of pandering to white supremacists.[259][260][261] He retweeted open racists,[262][263] and repeatedly refused to condemn David Duke, the Ku Klux Klan or white supremacists, in an interview on CNN\'s State of the Union, saying he would first need to "do research" because he knew nothing about Duke or white supremacists.[264][265] Duke himself enthusiastically supported Trump throughout the 2016 primary and election, and has said he and like-minded people voted for Trump because of his promises to "take our country back".[266][267]\nAfter repeated questioning by reporters, Trump said he disavowed David Duke and the KKK.[268] Trump said on MSNBC\'s Morning Joe: "I disavowed him. I disavowed the KKK. Do you want me to do it again for the 12th time? I disavowed him in the past, I disavow him now."[268]\nThe alt-right movement coalesced around Trump\'s candidacy,[269] due in part to its opposition to multiculturalism and immigration.[270][271][272]\nMembers of the alt-right enthusiastically supported Trump\'s campaign.[273]\nIn August 2016, he appointed Steve Bannon\xa0– the executive chairman of Breitbart News\xa0– as his campaign CEO; Bannon described Breitbart News as "the platform for the alt-right".[274] In an interview days after the election, Trump condemned supporters who celebrated his victory with Nazi salutes.[275][276]\n\nFinancial disclosures\nAs a presidential candidate, Trump disclosed details of his companies, assets, and revenue sources to the extent required by the FEC. His 2015 report listed assets above $1.4\xa0billion and outstanding debts of at least $265\xa0million.[63][277] The 2016 form showed little change.[109]\nTrump has not released his tax returns, contrary to the practice of every major candidate since 1976 and his promises in 2014 and 2015 to do so if he ran for office.[278][279] He said his tax returns were being audited (in actuality, audits do not prevent release of tax returns), and his lawyers had advised him against releasing them.[280] Trump has told the press his tax rate is none of their business, and that he tries to pay "as little tax as possible".[281]\nIn October 2016, portions of Trump\'s state filings for 1995 were leaked to a reporter from The New York Times. They show that Trump had declared a loss of $916\xa0million that year, which could have let him avoid taxes for up to 18 years. During the second presidential debate, Trump acknowledged using the deduction, but declined to provide details such as the specific years it was applied.[282]\nOn March 14, 2017, the first two pages of Trump\'s 2005 federal income tax returns were leaked to MSNBC. The document states that Trump had a gross adjusted income of $150\xa0million and paid $38\xa0million in federal taxes. The White House confirmed the authenticity of the documents.[283][284]\nIn April 2019, the House Ways and Means Committee made a formal request to the Internal Revenue Service for Trump\'s personal and business tax returns from 2013 to 2018.[285] Two deadlines to provide the returns were missed, then Treasury secretary Steven Mnuchin in May 2019 ultimately denied the request.[286][287][288] Committee chairman Richard Neal then subpoenaed the Treasury Department and the IRS for the returns.[289] These subpoenas were also defied in May 2019.[290] A fall 2018 draft IRS legal memo asserted that tax returns must be provided to Congress upon request, unless a president invokes executive privilege. Congress need not justify the request, the memo stated, contradicting the administration\'s justification that a legislative purpose is needed to produce the tax returns.[291] Mnuchin asserted the memo actually addressed a different matter.[292]\n\nElection to the presidency\nMain article: 2016 United States presidential election\n 2016 electoral vote results\nOn November 8, 2016, Trump received 306 pledged electoral votes versus 232 for Clinton. The official counts were 304 and 227 respectively, after defections on both sides.[293] Trump received nearly 2.9\xa0million fewer popular votes than Clinton, which made him the fifth person to be elected president while losing the popular vote.[294][e] Clinton was ahead nationwide, with 65,853,514 votes (48.18%) compared to Trump\'s 62,984,828 votes (46.09%).[297]\nTrump\'s victory was considered a stunning political upset by most observers, as polls had consistently showed Hillary Clinton with a nationwide\xa0– though diminishing\xa0– lead, as well as a favorable advantage in most of the competitive states. Trump\'s support had been modestly underestimated throughout his campaign,[298] and many observers blamed errors in polls, partially attributed to pollsters overestimating Clinton\'s support among well-educated and nonwhite voters, while underestimating Trump\'s support among white working-class voters.[299] The polls were relatively accurate,[300] but media outlets and pundits alike showed overconfidence in a Clinton victory despite a large number of undecided voters and a favorable concentration of Trump\'s core constituencies in competitive states.[301]\n\n President Obama and president-elect Trump on November 10, 2016\nTrump won 30 states, including Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, which had been considered a blue wall of Democratic strongholds since the 1990s. Clinton won 20\xa0states and the District of Columbia. Trump\'s victory marked the return of a Republican White House combined with control of both chambers of Congress.[citation needed]\nTrump is the wealthiest president in U.S. history, even after adjusting for inflation,[302] and the oldest person to take office as president.[303] He is also the first president who did not serve in the military or hold elective or appointed government office prior to being elected.[304][305] Of the 43[f] previous presidents, 38 had held prior elective office, two had not held elective office but had served in the Cabinet, and three had never held public office but had been commanding generals.[305]\n\nProtests\nMain article: Protests against Donald Trump\n Women\'s March in Washington on January 21, 2017, a day after Trump\'s inauguration\nSome rallies during the primary season were accompanied by protests or violence, including attacks on Trump supporters and vice versa both inside and outside the venues.[307][308][309] Trump\'s election victory sparked protests across the United States, in opposition to his policies and his inflammatory statements. Trump initially tweeted that these were "professional protesters, incited by the media" and "unfair", but later "Love the fact that the small groups of protesters last night have passion for our great country."[310][311]\nIn the weeks following Trump\'s inauguration, massive anti-Trump demonstrations took place, such as the Women Marches, which gathered 2,600,000 people worldwide,[312] including 500,000 in Washington alone.[313] Marches against his travel ban began across the country on January 29, 2017, just nine days after his inauguration.[314]\n\n2020 presidential campaign\nMain article: Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign\nTrump signaled his intention to run for a second term by filing with the FEC within a few hours of assuming the presidency.[315][316] This transformed his 2016 election committee into a 2020 reelection one.[317] Trump marked the official start of the campaign with a rally in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017, less than a month after taking office.[318] By January 2018, Trump\'s reelection committee had $22\xa0million in hand,[319] and it had raised a total amount exceeding $67\xa0million by December 2018.[320] Trump became the Republican presumptive nominee on March 17, 2020, after securing a majority of pledged delegates.[321] Trump\'s re-election campaign saw declining poll numbers by mid-2020, reflecting dissatisfaction with his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread racial justice protests following the killing of George Floyd.[322][323] His campaign messaging shifted to "racist rhetoric", described NBC News, as his campaign attempted to reclaim voters lost from his base of white conservative voters.[324][325]\n\nPresidency\nMain article: Presidency of Donald Trump\nFor a chronological guide to this subject, see Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency.\nEarly actions\nSee also: Presidential transition of Donald Trump and First 100 days of Donald Trump\'s presidency\n Trump during his inauguration in 2017. From left, Barack Obama, Joe Biden, Chuck Schumer.\nTrump was inaugurated as the 45th president of the United States on January 20, 2017. During his first week in office, he signed six executive orders: interim procedures in anticipation of repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, reinstatement of the Mexico City Policy, unlocking the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipeline construction projects, reinforcing border security, and beginning the planning and design process to construct a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico.[326]\nUpon inauguration, Trump delegated the management of his real estate business to his sons Eric and Don Jr.[327] His daughter Ivanka resigned from the Trump Organization and moved to Washington, D.C., with her husband Jared Kushner. She serves as an assistant to the President,[328] and he is a Senior Advisor in the White House.[329]\nOn January 31, Trump nominated U.S. Appeals Court judge Neil Gorsuch to fill the seat on the Supreme Court previously held by Justice Antonin Scalia until his death on February 13, 2016.[330]\n\nDomestic policy\nEconomy and trade\nMain article: Economic policy of Donald Trump\nSee also: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and Trump tariffs\nThe economic expansion that began in June 2009 continued through Trump\'s first three years in office.[331][332] This ended in February 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic sparked a recession.[332] Throughout his presidency, Trump has repeatedly and falsely characterized the economy as the best in American history (at least four U.S. presidents have presided over better economies).[331]\nIn December 2017, Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which permanently cut the corporate tax rate to 21 percent, temporarily lowered personal tax brackets until 2025, increased child tax credit, doubled the estate tax exemption to $11.2\xa0million, and limited the state and local tax deduction to $10,000.[333]\n\n Trump speaks to automobile workers in Michigan, March 2017.\nTrump is a skeptic of multilateral trade deals, as he believes they indirectly incentivize unfair trade practices that then tend to go unpoliced. He favors bilateral trade deals, as they allow one party to pull out if the other party is believed to be behaving unfairly. Trump favors neutral or positive balances of trade over negative balances of trade, also known as a "trade deficit". Trump adopted his current skeptical views toward trade liberalization in the 1980s, and he sharply criticized NAFTA during the Republican primary campaign in 2015.[334][335][336] He withdrew the U.S. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations,[337] imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum imports,[338] and launched a trade war with China by sharply increasing tariffs on 818 categories (worth $50\xa0billion) of Chinese goods imported into the U.S.[339][340] On several occasions, Trump has said incorrectly that these import tariffs are paid by China into the U.S. Treasury.[341]\nDespite a campaign promise to eliminate the national debt in eight years, Trump as president has approved large increases in government spending, as well as the 2017 tax cut. As a result, the American government\'s budget deficit has increased by almost 50%, to nearly $1\xa0trillion in 2019.[342] In 2016, the year before Trump took office, the U.S. national debt was around $19\xa0trillion; by mid-2020, it had increased to $26\xa0trillion under the Trump administration.[343]\nIn April 2020, the official unemployment rate shot up to 14.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an underestimation of the actual unemployment rate, but still was the highest level of unemployment since 1939.[344]\n\nEnergy and climate\nMain article: Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration\nTrump rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.[345][346] Since his election Trump has made large budget cuts to programs that research renewable energy and has rolled back Obama-era policies directed at curbing climate change.[347] In June 2017, Trump announced the withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement, making the U.S. the only nation in the world to not ratify the agreement.[348] At the 2019 G7 summit, Trump skipped the sessions on climate change but said afterward during a press conference that he is an environmentalist.[349]\nTrump has rolled back federal regulations aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, water pollution, and the usage of toxic substances. One example is the Clean Power Plan. He relaxed environmental standards for federal infrastructure projects, while expanding permitted areas for drilling and resource extraction, such as allowing drilling in the Arctic Refuge. Trump also weakened protections for animals.[350] Trump\'s energy policies aimed to boost the production and exports of coal, oil, and natural gas.[351]\n\nGovernment size and deregulation\nTrump\'s early policies have favored rollback and dismantling of government regulations. He has signed 15 Congressional Review Act disapproval resolutions to allow Congress to repeal executive regulations, the second President to sign any such resolutions after the first CRA resolution was passed in 2001, and the first President to sign more than one such resolution.[352] During his first six weeks in office, he delayed, suspended or reversed ninety federal regulations.[353][354]\nOn January 30, 2017, Trump signed Executive Order 13771, which directed that for every new regulation administrative agencies issue "at least two existing regulations be identified for elimination".[355][356] Agency defenders expressed opposition to Trump\'s criticisms, saying the bureaucracy exists to protect people against well-organized, well-funded interest groups.[357]\n\nHealth care\nDuring his campaign, Trump repeatedly vowed to repeal and replace Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA or "Obamacare").[358] Shortly after taking office, he urged Congress to repeal and replace it. In May of that year, the House voted to repeal it.[359] His first action as president was Executive Order 13765, which increased flexibility "to the maximum extent permitted by law" for the Cabinet to issue waivers, deferrals, and exemptions for the law while attempting to give states more flexibility.[360] Executive Order 13813 was subsequently issued, designed to reduce regulations imposed under Obamacare by increasing competition.[361] Trump has expressed a desire to "let Obamacare fail", and the Trump administration has cut the ACA enrollment period in half and drastically reduced funding for advertising and other ways to encourage enrollment.[362][363][364] The 2017 tax bill effectively repealed the ACA\'s individual health insurance mandate in 2019,[365][366][367] and a budget bill Trump signed in 2019 repealed the Cadillac plan tax, medical device tax, and tanning tax.[368][369] As president, Trump has falsely claimed he saved the coverage of pre-existing conditions provided by ACA, while his administration declined to challenge a lawsuit that would eliminate it.[370] As a 2016 candidate, Trump promised to protect funding for Medicare and other social safety-net programs, but in January 2020 he suggested he was willing to consider cuts to such programs.[371]\n\nSocial issues\nMain article: Social policy of Donald Trump\nTrump favored modifying the 2016 Republican platform opposing abortion, to allow for exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and circumstances endangering the health of the mother.[372] He has said he is committed to appointing "pro-life" justices.[373] He says he personally supports "traditional marriage"[374] but considers the nationwide legality of same-sex marriage a "settled" issue.[373] Despite the statement by Trump and the White House saying they would keep in place a 2014 executive order from the Obama administration which created federal workplace protections for LGBT people,[375] in March 2017, the Trump administration rolled back key components of the Obama administration\'s workplace protections for LGBT people.[376]\nTrump supports a broad interpretation of the Second Amendment and says he is opposed to gun control in general,[377][378] although his views have shifted over time.[379] Trump opposes legalizing recreational marijuana but supports legalizing medical marijuana.[380] He favors capital punishment,[381][382] as well as the use of waterboarding and "a hell of a lot worse" methods.[383][384]\n\nPardons and commutations\nMain article: List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump\nIn August 2017, Trump pardoned former sheriff Joe Arpaio, who was awaiting sentencing for contempt of court in a class action that alleged racial profiling.[385][386] In March 2018, he pardoned former Navy sailor Kristian Saucier, who had been found guilty of taking classified photographs of a submarine.[387] In April 2018 he pardoned Scooter Libby, a political aide to former Vice President Dick Cheney, who had been convicted of obstruction of justice, perjury and making false statements to the FBI.[388] In May 2018 he granted a posthumous pardon to Jack Johnson, a black boxer who had been convicted in 1913 for traveling across state lines with his white girlfriend.[389][390] In June 2018 he pardoned conservative commentator Dinesh D\'Souza, who had made illegal political campaign contributions.[391] That month he also commuted the life sentence of Alice Marie Johnson, a non-violent drug trafficking offender, following a request by celebrity Kim Kardashian.[392] In February 2020, Trump pardoned white-collar criminals Michael Milken, Bernard Kerik, and Edward J. DeBartolo Jr., and commuted former Illinois governor Rod Blagojevich\'s 14-year corruption sentence.[393][394]\nIn July 2020, Trump commuted the 40-month prison sentence for his friend and adviser Roger Stone, who had been soon due to report to jail for his actions during the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential elections. The sentencing judge had previously described that Stone was "prosecuted for covering up for the president"\xa0– Trump himself. A month before the commutation, Trump had declared that Stone "can sleep well at night!"[395]\n\nImmigration\nMain article: Immigration policy of Donald Trump\nTrump\'s proposed immigration policies were a topic of bitter and contentious debate during the campaign. He promised to build a more substantial wall on the Mexico–United States border to keep out illegal immigrants and vowed Mexico would pay for it.[396] He pledged to massively deport illegal immigrants residing in the United States,[397] and criticized birthright citizenship for creating "anchor babies".[398] He said deportation would focus on criminals, visa overstays, and security threats.[399] As president, he frequently described illegal immigration as an "invasion" and conflated immigrants with the gang MS-13, though research shows undocumented immigrants have a lower crime rate than native-born Americans.[400]\nTrump has attempted to drastically escalate immigration enforcement.[401] Some of the results are harsher immigration enforcement policies against asylum seekers from Central America than any modern U.S. president before him, and a significantly increased usage of migrant detentions and deportations.[402][403] This was accompanied by the Trump administration\'s mandating in 2018 that immigration judges must complete 700 cases a year to be evaluated as performing satisfactorily.[404]\nIn other immigration policies, Trump has from 2018 onwards deployed nearly 6,000 troops to the U.S. Mexico border,[405] in 2019 was allowed by the Supreme Court to stop most Central American migrants from seeking U.S. asylum,[406] and from 2020 used the public charge rule to restrict immigrants using government benefits from getting permanent residency via green cards.[407][408] Trump has continually reduced the number of allowed refugees into the country; when Trump took office the annual limit was 110,000, in 2019 Trump set a limit of 18,000, a record low for the U.S. refugee program.[409] Additional restrictions implemented by the Trump administration caused (potentially long-lasting) bottlenecks in processing refugee applications, resulting in fewer refugees accepted compared to the allowed limits.[410]\n\nTravel ban\nMain articles: Executive Order 13769 and Executive Order 13780\nFollowing the November 2015 Paris attacks, Trump made a controversial proposal to ban Muslim foreigners from entering the United States until stronger vetting systems could be implemented.[411][412][413] He later reframed the proposed ban to apply to countries with a "proven history of terrorism".[414][415][416]\nOn January 27, 2017, Trump signed Executive Order 13769, which suspended admission of refugees for 120 days and denied entry to citizens of Iraq, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen for 90 days, citing security concerns. The order took effect immediately and without warning.[417] Confusion and protests caused chaos at airports.[418][419] Sally Yates, the acting Attorney General, directed Justice Department lawyers not to defend the executive order, which she deemed unenforceable and unconstitutional;[420] Trump immediately dismissed her.[421] Multiple legal challenges were filed against the order, and on February\xa05 a federal judge in Seattle blocked its implementation nationwide.[422][423] On March 6, Trump issued a revised order, which excluded Iraq, gave specific exemptions for permanent residents, and removed priorities for Christian minorities.[424][417] Again federal judges in three states blocked its implementation.[425] On June 26, 2017, the Supreme Court ruled that the ban could be enforced on visitors who lack a "credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States".[426]\nThe temporary order was replaced by Presidential Proclamation 9645 on September 24, 2017, which permanently restricts travel from the originally targeted countries except Iraq and Sudan, and further bans travelers from North Korea and Chad, along with certain Venezuelan officials.[427] After lower courts partially blocked the new restrictions, the Supreme Court allowed the September version to go into full effect on December 4, 2017,[428] and ultimately upheld the travel ban in a June 2019 ruling.[429]\n\nFamily separation at border\nMain article: Trump administration family separation policy\n.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}Children sitting within a wire mesh compartment in the Ursula detention facility in McAllen, Texas, June 2018\nThe Trump administration has separated more than 5,400 migrant children from their parents at the U.S.–Mexico border while the families attempted to enter the U.S.[430] The Trump administration sharply increased the number of family separations at the border starting from the summer of 2017, before an official policy was announced in 2018; this was only publicly reported later in January 2019.[431][432]\nIn April 2018, the Trump administration announced and enacted a "zero tolerance" immigration policy, whereby every adult illegally crossing the border would be criminally prosecuted.[433] This resulted in family separations, as the migrant adults were put in criminal detention for prosecution, while the migrant children were taken away as unaccompanied alien minors.[434] The children would be brought to immigration detention, immigrant shelters, tent camps, or metal cages, with the stated aim of releasing them to relatives or sponsors.[435] Administration officials described the policy as a deterrent against illegal immigration.[435] Previous administrations had no such policy of generally separating migrant families with children.[435]\nThe policy of family separations sparked public outrage,[436] and resulted in demands from Democrats, Republicans, Trump allies, and religious groups that the policy be rescinded.[437] Trump reacted by falsely asserting that his administration was merely following the law, blaming Democrats, when in fact this was his administration\'s policy.[438][439][440] More than 2,300 children were separated as a result of the "zero tolerance policy", the Trump administration revealed in June 2018.[435]\nAlthough Trump originally argued that the issue could not be solved via executive order, he proceeded to sign an executive order on June 20, 2018, mandating that migrant families be detained together, unless the administration judged that doing so would harm the child.[441][442] On June 26, 2018, a federal judge concluded that the Trump administration had "no system in place to keep track of" the separated children, nor any effective measures for family communication and reunification;[443] the judge ordered for the families to be reunited, and family separations stopped, except in the cases where the parent(s) are judged unfit to take care of the child, or if there is parental approval.[444]\n4,370 children were separated from July 2017 to June 2018, reported the Trump administration in October 2019.[430] Even after the June 2018 federal judge order, the Trump administration continued to practice family separations, with more than a thousand migrant children separated.[430]\n\nMigrant detentions\nMain article: Trump administration migrant detentions\n Overcrowded conditions for migrant families detained in Weslaco, Texas were reported by inspectors from the federal government in June 2019.[445]\nThe Trump administration has taken a harsher approach than previous administrations regarding migrant detentions, by allowing no exemptions for detention unlike the George W. Bush and Obama administrations.[446] While the Obama administration already employed a high level of detentions and deportations for migrants, the Trump administration took it to a significantly higher level.[403] In April 2018, Trump ordered an end to the "catch and release" policy which released illegal immigrants from detention pending a court hearing.[433]\nGovernment inspectors from the Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General conducted spot-checks of migrant detention centers in June 2018, finding that U.S. Customs and Border Protection "in many instances" violated federal guidelines for detaining migrant children for too long before passing them to the Office of Refugee Resettlement.[447] Meanwhile, Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection Kevin McAleenan said in March 2019 there was a "border security and a humanitarian crisis", with the system for handling migrants already at a "breaking point" due to an increase in migrants.[448] The government inspectors released further reports in May 2019 and July 2019 of migrants being detained under conditions failing federal standards. They reported migrants enduring prolonged detention, "dangerous overcrowding", poor hygiene and food standards.[449][450] In June 2019 and July 2019, lawyers, a certified doctor, and lawmakers visited the migrant detention facilities, reporting a lack of supervision, traumatized children, and many sick migrants respectively.[451][452][453]\nThe treatment of the detained migrants resulted in public indignation by July 2019.[454] Also that month, Trump reacted to criticism of the migrant detentions by declaring that U.S. Border Patrol was doing a "great job", and if the migrants were unhappy about the conditions of the detention facilities, "just tell them not to come".[455] Meanwhile, Vice President Pence visited an overcrowded facility, where he reacted by saying "this is tough stuff" and the system is "overwhelmed".[456]\nIn August 2019, the administration attempted to change the 1997 Flores Agreement that limits detention of migrant families to 20 days; the new policy allowing indefinite detention was blocked before it would go into effect.[457]\n\n2018–2019 federal government shutdown\nMain article: 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown\n Trump examines border wall prototypes in Otay Mesa, California.\nOn December 22, 2018, the federal government was partially shut down after Trump declared that any funding extension must include $5.6\xa0billion in federal funds for a U.S.–Mexico border wall to partly fulfill his campaign promise.[458] The shutdown was caused by a lapse in funding for nine federal departments, affecting about one-fourth of federal government activities.[459] Trump said he would not accept any bill that did not include funding for the wall, and Democrats, who control the House, said they would not support any bill that does. Senate Republicans have said they will not advance any legislation Trump would not sign.[460] In earlier negotiations with Democratic leaders, Trump commented that he would be "proud to shut down the government for border security".[461]\nThe shutdown caused an estimated 380,000 government employees to be furloughed, while an estimated 420,000 government employees worked without getting paid; most of the affected workers missed two paychecks.[462] The shutdown resulted in a permanent loss of $3\xa0billion to the U.S. economy, estimated the Congressional Budget Office.[463] A plurality of Americans blamed Trump for the shutdown, polls showed; the percentage increased as the shutdown continued, to around 50%. Trump\'s approval ratings also dropped.[464]\nOn January 25, 2019, the Senate and the House unanimously approved a temporary funding bill that provided no funds for the wall but would provide delayed paychecks to government workers. Trump signed the bill that day, ending the shutdown at 35 days. It was the longest U.S. government shutdown in history.[465][466]\nSince the government funding was temporary, another shutdown loomed. On February 14, 2019, the Senate and the House approved a funding bill that included $1.375\xa0billion for 55 miles of border fences, in lieu of Trump\'s intended wall.[467] Trump signed the bill on February 15, 2019, just hours before another shutdown would begin.[468]\n\nNational emergency regarding the southern border\nOn February 15, 2019, after Trump received from Congress only $1.375\xa0billion for border fencing after demanding $5.7\xa0billion for the Trump wall, Trump declared a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States, in the hopes of getting another $6.7\xa0billion of funds for the Trump wall without congressional approval, using funds for military construction, drug interdiction, and money from the Treasury.[468] In doing so, Trump acknowledged that he "didn\'t need to" declare a national emergency, but he "would rather do it much faster".[468]\nCongress twice passed resolutions to block Trump\'s national emergency declarations, but Trump twice vetoed them, and Congress did not have enough votes override Trump\'s veto.[469][470][471] Trump\'s decision to divert other government funding to fund the wall resulted in legal challenges. In July 2019, the Supreme Court allowed Trump to use $2.5\xa0billion (originally meant for anti-drug programs) from the Department of Defense to build the Trump wall.[472][473] In December 2019, a federal judge stopped the Trump administration from using $3.6\xa0billion of military construction funds for the Trump wall.[473]\n\nTrump wall\nMain article: Trump wall\nAs a presidential candidate, Trump insisted that along the southern border he would build a wall\xa0– not a fence\xa0– saying there is a "big difference"[474] and mentioning "concrete going very high". In January 2018 he again floated the idea of solid concrete.[475]\nIn 2017, the Mexico-U.S. border had 654 miles of primary fencing, 37 miles of secondary fencing and 14 miles of tertiary fencing.[476] Trump\'s target, from 2015 to 2017, was 1,000 miles of wall.[477] The Trump administration set a target of 450 miles of new or renovated barriers by December 2020, with an ultimate goal of 509 miles of new or renovated barriers by August 2021.[478] Even into 2020, Trump has repeatedly provided false assertions that Mexico is paying for the Trump wall, although American taxpayers are footing the bill from funds being diverted from the U.S. Department of Defense.[479]\nIn October 2018, the administration revealed two miles of replacement fences made of steel posts, which it called the first section of Trump\'s \'wall\', although earlier that year Border Patrol had said the project was unrelated to the Trump wall and had been long planned (dating to 2009).[480][481] In December 2018 and January 2019, Trump tweeted out a design of a steel fence, and a picture of a fence, while declaring "the wall is coming".[477] In February 2019, Trump said his administration had been "restricted to renovating" existing barriers, "and we need new wall".[482]\nBy November 2019, the Trump administration had replaced around 78 miles of the Mexico–United States barrier along the border; these replacement barriers were not walls, but fences made of bollards.[483][484] The administration in November 2019 said it had "just started breaking ground" to build new barriers in areas where no structure existed.[483] By May 2020, the Trump administration had replaced 172 miles of dilapidated or outdated design barriers, and constructed 15 miles of new border barriers.[485]\n\nForeign policy\nMain article: Foreign policy of the Donald Trump administration\n Trump with Emmanuel Macron, Angela Merkel, Justin Trudeau and other leaders at the 45th G7 summit in France, 2019\n Trump, King Salman of Saudi Arabia, and Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at the 2017 Riyadh summit in Saudi Arabia\nTrump has been described as a non-interventionist[486][487] and an American nationalist.[488] He has repeatedly said he supports an "America First" foreign policy.[489] He supports increasing United States military defense spending,[488] but favors decreasing United States spending on NATO and in the Pacific region.[490] He says America should look inward, stop "nation building", and re-orient its resources toward domestic needs.[487]\nHis foreign policy has been marked by repeated praise and support of neo-nationalist and authoritarian strongmen and criticism of democratically-led governments.[491] Trump has cited China\'s president Xi Jinping,[492] Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte,[493] Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi,[494] Turkey\'s president Tayyip Erdoğan,[495] King Salman of Saudi Arabia,[496] Italy\'s prime minister Giuseppe Conte,[497] Brazil\'s president Jair Bolsonaro,[498] Indian prime minister Narendra Modi,[499] and Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán as examples of good leaders.[500] Trump has also praised Poland under the EU-skeptic, anti-immigrant Law and Justice party (PiS) as a defender of Western civilization.[501][502]\n\nISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan\nIn April 2017, Trump ordered a missile strike against a Syrian airfield in retaliation for the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack.[503] According to investigative journalist Bob Woodward, Trump had ordered his defense secretary James Mattis to assassinate Syrian president Bashar al-Assad after the chemical attack, but Mattis declined; Trump denied doing so.[504] In April 2018, he announced missile strikes against Assad\'s regime, following a suspected chemical attack near Damascus.[505]\nIn December 2018, Trump declared "we have won against ISIS," and ordered the withdrawal of all troops from Syria, contradicting Department of Defense assessments.[506][507][508] Mattis resigned the next day over disagreements in foreign policy, calling this decision an abandonment of Kurd allies who had played a key role in fighting ISIS.[509] One week after his announcement, Trump said he would not approve any extension of the American deployment in Syria.[510] On January 6, 2019, national security advisor John Bolton announced America would remain in Syria until ISIS is eradicated and Turkey guarantees it will not strike America\'s Kurdish allies.[511]\nTrump actively supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthis and signed a $110\xa0billion agreement to sell arms to Saudi Arabia.[512][513][514] Trump also praised his relationship with Saudi Arabia\'s powerful Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.[512]\nU.S. troop numbers in Afghanistan increased from 8,500 to 14,000, as of January\xa02017[update],[515] reversing his pre-election position critical of further involvement in Afghanistan.[516] U.S. officials said then that they aimed to "force the Taliban to negotiate a political settlement"; in January 2018, however, Trump spoke against talks with the Taliban.[517] On February 29, 2020, the Trump administration signed a conditional peace agreement with the Taliban,[518] which calls for the withdrawal of foreign troops in 14 months if the Taliban uphold the terms of the agreement.[519] Trump said "it is time" to bring U.S. soldiers home from Afghanistan.[520]\n\n Trump with Turkish president Erdoğan in November 2019\nIn October 2019, after Trump spoke to Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the White House acknowledged Turkey would be carrying out a planned military offensive into northern Syria; as such, U.S. troops in northern Syria were withdrawn from the area to avoid interference with that operation. The statement also passed responsibility for the area\'s captured ISIS fighters to Turkey.[521] In the following days, Trump suggested the Kurds intentionally released ISIS prisoners in order to gain sympathy, suggested they were fighting only for their own financial interests, suggested some of them were worse than ISIS, and termed them "no angels".[522]\nCongress members of both parties denounced the move, including Republican allies of Trump such as Senator Lindsey Graham. They argued that the move betrayed the American-allied Kurds, and would benefit ISIS, Turkey, Russia, Iran, and Bashar al-Assad\'s Syrian regime.[523] Trump defended the move, citing the high cost of supporting the Kurds, and the lack of support from the Kurds in past U.S. wars.[524][525] After the U.S. pullout, Turkey proceeded to attack Kurdish-controlled areas in northeastern Syria.[526] On October 16, the United States House of Representatives, in a rare bipartisan vote of 354 to 60, "condemned" Trump\'s withdrawal of U.S. troops from Syria for "abandoning U.S. allies, undermining the struggle against ISIS, and spurring a humanitarian catastrophe".[527][528]\nIn November 2019, Trump ordered U.S. troops to secure the oil fields in eastern Syria, then said any remaining U.S. troops in Syria were there "only for the oil", and that the U.S. was "keeping the oil". Seizing oil without local government permission would be a war crime of pillage.[529][530]\n\nIran\nSee also: Iran–United States relations §\xa02017–present: Trump administration, United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and 2019–20 Persian Gulf crisis\n Demonstrations in Iran over the death of Qasem Soleimani during the U.S attack on the Baghdad airport in Iraq on January 3, 2020\nTrump has described the regime in Iran as "the rogue regime", although he has also asserted he does not seek regime change.[531][532] He has repeatedly criticized the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA or "Iran nuclear deal") that was negotiated with the United States, Iran, and five other world powers in 2015, calling it "terrible" and saying the Obama administration had negotiated the agreement "from desperation".[533][534][535]\nFollowing Iran\'s missile tests on January 29, 2017, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on 25 Iranian individuals and entities in February 2017.[536][537][538] Trump reportedly lobbied "dozens" of European officials against doing business with Iran during the May 2017 Brussels summit; this likely violated the terms of the JCPOA, under which the U.S. may not pursue "any policy specifically intended to directly and adversely affect the normalization of trade and economic relations with Iran". The Trump administration certified in July 2017 that Iran had upheld its end of the agreement.[539] On August 2, 2017, Trump signed into law the Countering America\'s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) that grouped together sanctions against Iran, Russia, and North Korea.[540] On May 18, 2018, Trump announced the United States\' unilateral departure from the JCPOA.[534]\nIn May 2017, strained relations between the U.S. and Iran escalated when Trump deployed military bombers and a carrier group to the Persian Gulf. Trump hinted at war on social media, provoking a response from Iran for what Iranian foreign minister Javad Zarif called "genocidal taunts".[541][542][543] Trump and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman are allies in the conflict with Iran.[544] Trump approved the deployment of additional U.S. troops to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates following the attack on Saudi oil facilities which the United States has blamed on Iran.[545]\nOn January 2, 2020, Trump ordered a targeted U.S. airstrike, which killed Iranian Major General and IRGC Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani and Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, as well as eight other people.[546] Trump publicly threatened to attack Iranian cultural sites, or react "in a disproportionate manner" if Iran retaliated; though such attacks by the U.S. would violate international law as war crimes.[547] On January 8, Iran retaliated by launching airstrikes on Al Asad Air Base in Iraq; initially the Trump administration claimed no Americans suffered injuries, then Trump said injuries were not "very serious", but by February 2020, more than a hundred traumatic brain injuries were diagnosed in U.S. troops.[548] Iran issues an arrest warrant for 36 U.S. political and military officials, including President Trump, for their role in the assassination of Qasem Soleimani.[549]\n\nIsrael\nSee also: Israel–United States relations §\xa0Trump administration (2017–present)\n Trump and Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu at Yad Vashem, May 2017\nTrump has supported the policies of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.[550] He officially recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel on December 6, 2017, despite criticism and warnings from world leaders. He subsequently opened a new U.S. embassy in Jerusalem in May 2018.[551][552] The United Nations General Assembly condemned the move, adopting a resolution that "calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem".[553][554] In March 2019, Trump reversed decades of U.S. policy by recognizing Israel\'s annexation of the Golan Heights,[555] a move condemned by the European Union and the Arab League.[556]\n\nChina\nSee also: China–United States relations §\xa0Trump\'s presidency (2017–), and China–United States trade war\nBefore and during his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused China of taking unfair advantage of the U.S.[557] During his presidency, Trump has launched a trade war against China, sanctioned Huawei for its alleged ties to Iran,[558] significantly increased visa restrictions on Chinese nationality students and scholars[559][560] and classified China as a "currency manipulator".[561] In the wake of the significant deterioration of relations, many political observers have warned against a new cold war between China and the U.S.[562][563][564]\nTrump said he resisted punishing China for its human rights abuses against ethnic minorities in the northwestern Xinjiang region for fear of jeopardizing U.S.-China trade negotiations.[565] On July 9, 2020, Trump imposed sanctions and visa restrictions against senior Chinese officials, including Chen Quanguo,[566] a member of China\'s powerful Politburo of the Communist Party, who expanded mass detention camps holding more than a million members of the country\'s Uyghur Muslim minority.[567]\n\nNorth Korea\nSee also: North Korea–United States relations\n Trump meets Kim Jong-un at the Singapore summit, June 2018.\nIn 2017, North Korea\'s nuclear weapons became increasingly seen as a serious threat to the United States.[568] In August 2017, Trump escalated his rhetoric, warning that North Korean threats would be met with "fire and fury like the world has never seen".[569] North Korea responded by releasing plans for missile tests that would land near Guam.[570] In September 2017, Trump addressed the United Nations General Assembly, saying the U.S. would "totally destroy North Korea" if "forced" to defend itself or its allies.[571] Also in September 2017, Trump increased sanctions on North Korea, declared that he wanted North Korea\'s "complete denuclearization", and engaged in name-calling with leader Kim Jong-un.[569][572]\nIn March 2018, Trump immediately agreed to Kim\'s proposal for a meeting.[573] On June 12, 2018, Trump and Kim met in Singapore, with Kim affirming his intention "to work toward complete denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula".[574]\nA second Trump–Kim summit in Hanoi in February 2019, was terminated abruptly without an agreement; both countries blamed each other and offered differing accounts of the negotiations.[575] On June 30, 2019, Trump, Kim, and South Korean President Moon Jae-in held brief talks in the Korean Demilitarized Zone, marking the first time a sitting U.S. president had set foot on North Korean soil. Trump and Kim agreed to resume negotiations.[576] Bilateral talks began in Stockholm in October 2019, but broke down after one day.[577] As of May 2020, North Korea has shown no indication that it is willing to unilaterally denuclearize.[578]\n\nRussia\nSee also: Russia–United States relations\n Putin and Trump at the G20 Osaka summit, June 2019\nDuring his campaign and as president, Trump has repeatedly asserted that he desires better relations with Russia.[579][580] He also said Russia could help the U.S. in its fight against ISIS.[581] According to Putin and some political experts and diplomats, the U.S.–Russian relations, which were already at the lowest level since the end of the Cold War, have further deteriorated since Trump took office in January 2017.[582][583][584]\nAs president, Trump has criticized Russia about Syria,[585] Ukraine,[586] North Korea,[587] Venezuela,[588] and the Skripal poisoning,[589] but has sent mixed messages regarding Crimea.[590][591][592] He forbade U.S. oil companies from drilling in Russia.[593] Businesses involved in the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany have been sanctioned by the Trump administration with the passing of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 on December 20, 2019.[594] Trump said the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, owned by Russia\'s Gazprom, could turn Germany into a "hostage of Russia".[595]\nAmidst continuing growth of China\'s missile forces, President Trump announced on October 20, 2018 that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty due to supposed Russian non-compliance,[596] a move criticized by the former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who signed the treaty in 1987 with U.S. President Ronald Reagan.[597]\nTrump has repeatedly praised Russian president Vladimir Putin; criticism of Putin by Trump was uncommon.[598][585] As a presidential candidate, Trump continually reiterated that Putin is a strong leader.[599] When Putin in August 2017 expelled over half of the staff of the American embassy in Russia in retaliation for Sanctions Act (CAATSA),[600] which imposed new sanctions on Russia, President Trump responded by thanking Putin, saying "We\'ll save a lot of money", instead of criticizing him.[598] After Trump met Putin at the Helsinki Summit on July 16, 2018, Trump drew bipartisan criticism for siding with Putin\'s denial of Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election, rather than accepting the findings of the United States intelligence community.[601][602][603]\n\nCuba\nSee also: Cuba–United States relations\nIn November 2017, the Trump administration tightened the rules on trade with Cuba and individual visits to the country, undoing the Obama administration\'s loosening of restrictions. According to an administration official, the new rules were intended to hinder trade with businesses with ties to the Cuban military, intelligence and security services.[604]\n\nVenezuela\nSee also: United States–Venezuela relations\n Trump with Venezuela\'s opposition leader and interim president, Juan Guaidó, at the White House, February 2020\nOn August 11, 2017, Trump said he is "not going to rule out a military option" to confront the government of Nicolás Maduro.[605] In September 2018, Trump called for "the restoration of democracy in Venezuela" and said that "socialism has bankrupted the oil-rich nation and driven its people into abject poverty."[606] On January 23, 2019, Maduro announced that Venezuela was breaking ties with the United States following Trump\'s announcement of recognizing Juan Guaidó, the Venezuelan opposition leader, as the interim president of Venezuela.[607]\n\nNATO\n Trump and NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, April 2017\nAs a candidate, Trump questioned whether he, as president, would automatically extend security guarantees to NATO members,[608] and suggested he might leave NATO unless changes are made to the alliance.[609] As president, he reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to NATO in March 2017;[610] however, he has repeatedly accused fellow NATO members of paying less than their fair share of the expenses of the alliance.[611]\nIn January 2019, The New York Times quoted senior administration officials as saying Trump has privately suggested on multiple occasions that the United States should withdraw from NATO.[612] The next day Trump said the United States is going to "be with NATO one hundred percent" but repeated that the other countries have to "step up" and pay more.[613]\n\nPersonnel\nMain articles: Political appointments by Donald Trump and Cabinet of Donald Trump\nSee also: Formation of Donald Trump\'s Cabinet\n Cabinet meeting, March 2017\nThe Trump administration has been characterized by high turnover, particularly among White House staff. By the end of Trump\'s first year in office, 34 percent of his original staff had resigned, been fired, or been reassigned.[614] As of early July\xa02018[update], 61 percent of Trump\'s senior aides had left[615] and 141 staffers had left in the past year.[616] Both figures set a record for recent presidents\xa0– more change in the first 13 months than his four immediate predecessors saw in their first two years.[617] Notable early departures included National Security Advisor Michael Flynn (after just 25 days in office), Chief of Staff Reince Priebus, replaced by retired Marine general John F. Kelly on July 28, 2017,[618] and Press Secretary Sean Spicer.[617] Close personal aides to Trump such as Steve Bannon, Hope Hicks, John McEntee and Keith Schiller, have quit or been forced out.[619] Some, like Hicks and McEntee, later returned to the White House in different posts.[620] Trump has disparaged several of his former top officials as incompetent, stupid, or crazy.[621]\nTrump\'s cabinet nominations included U.S. senator from Alabama Jeff Sessions as Attorney General,[622] financier Steve Mnuchin as Secretary of the Treasury,[623] retired Marine Corps general James Mattis as Secretary of Defense,[624] and ExxonMobil CEO Rex Tillerson as Secretary of State.[625] Trump also brought on board politicians who had opposed him during the presidential campaign, such as neurosurgeon Ben Carson as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development,[626] and South Carolina governor Nikki Haley as Ambassador to the United Nations.[627]\nTwo of Trump\'s 15 original cabinet members were gone within 15 months: Health and Human Services Secretary Tom Price was forced to resign in September 2017 due to excessive use of private charter jets and military aircraft, and Trump replaced Secretary of State Rex Tillerson with Mike Pompeo in March 2018 over disagreements on foreign policy.[628][619] EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt resigned in July 2018 amidst multiple investigations into his conduct,[629] while Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke resigned five months later as he also faced multiple investigations.[630]\nTrump has been slow to appoint second-tier officials in the executive branch, saying many of the positions are unnecessary. In October 2017, there were still hundreds of sub-cabinet positions without a nominee.[631] By January 8, 2019, of 706 key positions, 433 had been filled (61%) and Trump had no nominee for 264 (37%).[632]\n\nDismissal of James Comey\nMain article: Dismissal of James Comey\nOn May 9, 2017, Trump dismissed FBI director James Comey. He first attributed this action to recommendations from Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Deputy AG Rod Rosenstein,[633] which criticized Comey\'s conduct in the investigation about Hillary Clinton\'s emails.[634] On May 11, Trump said he was concerned with the ongoing "Russia thing"[635] and that he had intended to fire Comey earlier, regardless of DOJ advice.[636]\nAccording to a Comey memo of a private conversation on February 14, 2017, Trump said he "hoped" Comey would drop the investigation into National Security Advisor Michael Flynn.[637]\nIn March and April, Trump had told Comey the ongoing suspicions formed a "cloud" impairing his presidency,[638] and asked him to publicly state that he was not personally under investigation.[639] He also asked intelligence chiefs Dan Coats and Michael Rogers to issue statements saying there was no evidence that his campaign colluded with Russia during the 2016 election.[640] Both refused, considering this an inappropriate request, although not illegal.[641] Comey eventually testified on June\xa08 that, while he was director, the FBI investigations had not targeted Trump himself.[638][642]\n\nCOVID-19 pandemic\nMain article: COVID-19 pandemic in the United States\n Trump signs the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act into law on March\xa06, 2020.\nIn December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, spreading worldwide within weeks.[643][644] The first confirmed case in the United States was reported on January 20, 2020.[645] On January 31, Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar announced a partial ban on non-Americans traveling to the U.S. from China, effective February 2.[646]\nTrump was slow to address the pandemic, initially dismissing the imminent threat and ignoring calls for action from government health experts and Secretary Azar.[647][648] Throughout January and February, he rejected persistent public health warnings from officials within his administration, focusing instead on economic and political considerations of the outbreak.[649][648] He continued to claim that a vaccine was months away, although HHS and CDC officials had repeatedly told him it would take 12–18 months to develop a vaccine.[650][651] Trump also exaggerated the availability of testing for the virus, falsely claiming "anybody that wants a test can get a test," despite the availability of tests being severely limited.[652][653]\nOn March 6, Trump signed the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act into law, which provided $8.3\xa0billion in emergency funding for federal agencies.[654] On March 11, he announced partial travel restrictions for most of Europe, effective March 13.[655] That same day, he gave his first serious assessment of the virus ("horrible") in a nationwide Oval Office address; he also said the outbreak was "a temporary moment" and that there was no financial crisis.[656] On March 13, he declared a national emergency, freeing up federal resources.[657][658][659] In a March 16 press conference, Trump acknowledged for the first time the pandemic was "not under control", the situation was "bad", and that months of disruption to daily lives and a recession might occur.[660]\n\n White House coronavirus update briefing, May\xa011, 2020\nBeginning in mid-March, Trump held a daily press conference, joined by medical experts and other administration officials,[661] sometimes disagreeing with them by promoting unproven treatments.[662] Trump was the main speaker at the briefings, where he praised his own response to the pandemic, frequently criticized rival presidential candidate Joe Biden, and denounced members of the White House press corps.[661][663] On April 3, Trump announced that the federal government would use funds from the CARES Act to pay hospitals for treatment of uninsured patients infected with the coronavirus.[664] His repeated use of the terms "Chinese virus" and "China virus" to describe COVID-19 drew criticism from the media, health experts, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Chinese government.[665][666][667]\nBy early April, as the pandemic worsened and amid criticism of his administration\'s response, Trump refused to admit any mistakes in his handling the outbreak, instead blaming the media, Democratic state governors, the previous administration, China, and the World Health Organization.[668] Although the allegations blaming the WHO were not substantiated, at the end of May 2020 Trump announced that the United States would terminate its relationship with that organization.[669] By mid-April 2020, some national news agencies began limiting live coverage of his daily press briefings, with The Washington Post reporting that "propagandistic and false statements from Trump alternate with newsworthy pronouncements from members of his coronavirus task force, particularly coronavirus response coordinator Deborah Birx and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony S. Fauci."[670]\nOn April 22, Trump signed an executive order restricting some forms of immigration to the United States.[671] In April 2020, Republican-connected groups organized anti-lockdown protests against the measures state governments were taking to combat the pandemic;[672][673] Trump encouraged the protests on Twitter,[674] even though the targeted states did not meet the Trump administration\'s own guidelines for reopening.[675] He first supported, then later criticized Georgia Governor Brian Kemp\'s plan to reopen some nonessential businesses,[676] which was a key example of Trump often reversing his stances in his communication during the COVID-19 pandemic.[677] Throughout the spring he increasingly pushed for ending the restrictions as a way to reverse the damage to the country\'s economy.[678] In early July he began insisting that all states should open schools to in-person education in the fall, despite a July spike in reported cases.[679]\n\n Poland\'s president Andrzej Duda was the first foreign leader to travel to the White House since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[680]\nFor months, Trump refused to wear a face mask at press conferences and most public events, contrary to his own administration\'s April 2020 guidance that Americans should wear masks in public.[681][682] By June, Trump had stated that masks were a "double-edged sword", ridiculed Biden for wearing one, continually emphasized that mask-wearing was optional, and suggested that wearing a mask is a political statement against him personally.[683] Trump first showed himself wearing a face mask in public in July 2020, at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 99 days after the CDC\'s recommendation that Americans should do so.[682]\nIn September 2019, the Trump administration ended a 200-million-dollar early-warning program, PREDICT, initiated by the United States Agency for International Development in 2009;[684] dozens of epidemiologists and wildlife veterinarians working for partner organizations were laid off.[685][686][687] The program trained scientists in sixty foreign laboratories, including the Wuhan lab that first identified the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that causes COVID-19, to detect and respond to viruses that have the potential to cause pandemics. On April 1, 2020, USAID extended the program for six months.[688][689]\nThe daily coronavirus task force briefings were wound down in late April, after Trump at one of the briefings floated the idea of using bleach injections to treat COVID-19, leading to widespread condemnation by medical professionals for the idea.[690][691] In early May, President Trump proposed that the coronavirus task force should be phased out, to accommodate another group centered on reopening the economy. Amid a backlash, Trump publicly said the coronavirus task force would continue on "indefinitely".[692] By the end of May, the coronavirus task force\'s meetings were sharply reduced.[693] Despite record numbers of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. from mid-June onward and an increasing percentage of positive test results, Trump continued to mostly downplay the pandemic, including his claim in early July 2020 that 99% of COVID-19 cases are "totally harmless", a claim which contradicts health officials in the U.S.[694]\n\nLafayette Square protester removal and photo op\nMain article: Donald Trump photo op at St. John\'s Church\nExternal video A video timeline of the crackdown on protesters before Trump\'s photo op on YouTube (The Washington Post) (12:12) Trump Stands In Front of Church Holding Bible After Threatening Military Action Against Protesters on YouTube (NBC) (2:40) President Trump walks across Lafayette Park to St. John\'s Church on YouTube (C-SPAN) (7:46)\nIn a Rose Garden speech on June 1, 2020, Trump threatened that he would deploy the U.S. military in U.S. cities and states not taking "the actions necessary to defend the life and property of their residents" in reaction to mass protests and civil unrest following the police killing of George Floyd.[695][696] While he was speaking, federal law enforcement officials used batons, rubber bullets, pepper spray projectiles,[697] stun grenades, and smoke to remove a largely peaceful crowd from Lafayette Square, outside the White House. The removal had been ordered by Attorney General William Barr.[697][698] Trump then walked to St. John\'s Episcopal Church where the night before a small fire had been set in the basement nursery of its parish house.[699] He posed for photographs holding a Bible, with Cabinet members and other officials later joining him in photos.[697][698][700] Trump, who had not attended the church since his inauguration, did not enter it or inspect the damage to the basement.[701][702]\nReligious leaders condemned the treatment of protesters and the photo opportunity itself.[703][702] Many retired military leaders and defense officials condemned Trump\'s proposal to use the U.S. military against the protesters.[702][704] The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Mark A. Milley, later apologized for accompanying Trump on the walk and thereby "creat[ing] the perception of the military involved in domestic politics".[705]\n\nPublic profile\nApproval ratings\nFurther information: Opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration\nPolling in 2019 suggested Trump was the most unpopular president since Harry Truman.[706] At the end of his second year, his two-year average Gallup approval rating was the lowest of any president since World War II.[707] As of February 2020, his Gallup rating has ranged from a low of 35% approval to a high of 49%.[708][709] His approval and disapproval ratings have been unusually stable.[710][711]\nIn Gallup\'s end-of-year poll asking Americans to name the man they admire the most, Trump placed second to Obama in 2017 and 2018, and tied with Obama for most admired man in 2019.[712] Trump is the first elected president not to be named most admired in his first year in office.[713]\n\nSocial media\nMain article: Donald Trump on social media\nTrump\'s presence on social media has attracted attention worldwide since he joined Twitter in March 2009. He communicated heavily on Twitter during the 2016 election campaign, and has continued to use this channel during his presidency. The attention on Trump\'s Twitter activity has significantly increased since he was sworn in as president. As of May 2019, he is in the top 15 for most Twitter followers at more than 60\xa0million.[714]\nBy the end of May 2020, Trump had written about 52,000 tweets.[715] Counted through the Trump Twitter Archive, these include 22,115 tweets over seven years before his presidential candidacy, 8,159 tweets during the \u200b1\xa01⁄2 years of his candidacy and transition period, and 14,186 tweets over the first three years of his presidency.[716]\nTrump has frequently used Twitter as a direct means of communication with the public, sidelining the press.[717] Since early in his presidency, his tweets have been considered official statements by the president of the United States,[718] employed for announcing policy or personnel changes. In March 2018, Trump fired his Secretary of State Rex Tillerson by Twitter.[719]\nMany of the assertions he tweeted have been proven false.[720][721][722]\nIn May 2020, Twitter began tagging some Trump tweets with fact checking warnings[715][723][724] and labels for violations of Twitter rules.[725] Trump responded by threatening to "strongly regulate" or even "close down" social media platforms.[715][726]\n\nFalse statements\nMain article: Veracity of statements by Donald Trump\n Fact-checkers from The Washington Post,[727] the Toronto Star,[728] and CNN[729] compiled data on "false or misleading claims" (orange background), and "false claims" (violet foreground), respectively.\nAs president, Trump has frequently made false statements in public speeches and remarks.[730][731][732] The misinformation has been documented by fact-checkers; academics and the media have widely described the phenomenon as unprecedented in American politics.[733][734][257] This behavior was similarly observed when he was a presidential candidate.[735][736] His falsehoods have also become a distinctive part of his political identity.[734]\nTrump uttered "at least one false or misleading claim per day on 91 of his first 99 days" in office, according to The New York Times,[730] and 1,318 total in his first 263 days in office, according to the "Fact Checker" political analysis column of The Washington Post.[737] By the Post\'s tally, it took Trump 601 days to reach 5,000 false or misleading statements and another 226 days to reach the 10,000 mark.[738] For the seven weeks leading up to the midterm elections, it rose to an average of thirty per day[739] from 4.9 during his first hundred days in office.[740] The Post\'s reported tally is 20,055 as of July\xa09, 2020,[727] with the 2019 total more than double the cumulative total of 2017 and 2018.[741]\nSome of Trump\'s falsehoods are inconsequential, such as his claims of a large crowd size during his inauguration.[742][743] Others have had more far reaching effects, such as Trump\'s promotion of unproven antimalarial drugs as a treatment for COVID‑19 in a press conference and on Twitter in March 2020.[744][745][746] The claims had consequences worldwide, such as a shortage of these drugs in the United States and panic-buying in Africa and South Asia.[747][748] The state of Florida obtained nearly a million doses for its hospitals, even though most of them did not want the drug.[749] Other misinformation, such as Trump\'s retweet of unverified videos of a far-right British nationalist group in November 2017, serves a domestic political purpose, promoting policies on immigration and border security.[750] As a matter of principle, Trump does not apologize for his falsehoods.[751]\nDespite the frequency of Trump\'s falsehoods, the media have rarely referred to them as "lies".[752][753] The word suggests an attempt to deceive, hence if used could be construed as conveying an opinion as to the intent behind the statement.[752][753] The word is fraught with political peril and has usually been avoided out of respect for the presidential office.[752][753] Nevertheless, in August 2018 The Washington Post declared for the first time that some of Trump\'s misstatements (statements concerning hush money paid to Stormy Daniels and Playboy model Karen McDougal) were lies.[754][753] Former Secretary of State for George W. Bush, Colin Powell, who had never used the word in reference to any previous president, said in June 2020 that Trump "lies all the time".[755]\nSome view the nature and frequency of Trump\'s falsehoods as having profound and corrosive consequences on democracy.[756] James Pfiffner, professor of policy and government at George Mason University, wrote in 2019 that Trump lies differently from previous presidents, because he offers "egregious false statements that are demonstrably contrary to well-known facts"; these lies are the "most important" of all Trump lies. By calling facts into question, people will be unable to properly evaluate their government, with beliefs irrationally settled by "political power"; this erodes liberal democracy, wrote Pfiffner.[757]\n\nRelationship with the press\nFurther information: Presidency of Donald Trump §\xa0Relationship with the news media\n Trump talking to the press, March 2017\nThroughout his career, Trump has sought media attention. His interactions with the press turned into what some sources called a "love-hate" relationship.[758][759][760] Trump began promoting himself in the press in the 1970s.[761] Fox News anchor Bret Baier and former House speaker Paul Ryan have characterized Trump as a "troll" who makes controversial statements to see people\'s "heads explode".[762][763]\nIn the campaign, Trump benefited from a record amount of free media coverage, elevating his standing in the Republican primaries.[250] New York Times writer Amy Chozick wrote in September 2018 that one of the reasons for Trump\'s appeal was his media dominance, which enthralls the public. Chozick endorsed the view that with Trump "feeding something every night" there is a "can\'t miss" nature for media coverage of him, akin to a reality show.[764]\nThroughout his 2016 presidential campaign and his presidency, Trump has repeatedly accused the press of intentionally misinterpreting his words and of being biased, calling them "fake news media" and "the enemy of the people".[247][765] After winning the election, journalist Lesley Stahl recounted Trump saying he intentionally demeaned and discredited the media "so when you write negative stories about me no one will believe you".[766]\nTrump has privately and publicly mused about taking away critical reporters\' White House press credentials.[767] His administration moved to revoke the press passes of two White House reporters, which were restored by the courts.[768] In 2019, a member of the foreign press reported many of the same concerns as those of media in the U.S., expressing concern that a normalization process by reporters and media results in an inaccurate characterization of Trump.[769] The Trump White House held about a hundred formal press briefings in 2017, declining by half during 2018 and to two in 2019.[768]\nIn early 2020, the Trump campaign sued The New York Times, The Washington Post, and CNN for alleged defamation.[770][771]\n\nRacial views\nMain article: Racial views of Donald Trump\nTrump has made numerous comments and actions that have been characterized both within the U.S. and abroad as racially charged or racist.[772] He has repeatedly denied he is racist, asserting: "I am the least racist person there is anywhere in the world."[773] Many of his supporters say the way he speaks reflects his rejection of political correctness, while others accept it because they share such beliefs.[774][775] Scholars have discussed Trump\'s rhetoric in the context of white supremacy.[776][777][778][779][780]\nSeveral studies and surveys have found that racist attitudes fueled Trump\'s political ascendance and have been more important than economic factors in determining the allegiance of Trump voters.[775][781] Racist and islamophobic attitudes have been shown to be a powerful indicator of support for Trump.[782] In a June 2018 Quinnipiac University poll, 49 percent of respondents believed he was racist, while 47 percent believed he was not.[783] Additionally, 55 percent said he "has emboldened people who hold racist beliefs to express those beliefs publicly".[784]\nIn 1975, he settled a 1973 Department of Justice lawsuit that alleged housing discrimination against black renters.[77] He has also been accused of racism for insisting a group of black and Latino teenagers were guilty of raping a white woman in the 1989 Central Park jogger case, even after they were exonerated by DNA evidence in 2002. He has maintained his position on the matter into 2019.[785]\nTrump launched his political career in 2011 as a leading proponent of "birther" conspiracy theories alleging that Barack Obama, the first black U.S. president, was not born in the United States.[786][787] In April 2011, Trump claimed credit for pressuring the White House to publish the "long-form" birth certificate, which he considered fraudulent, and later saying this made him "very popular".[788][789] In September 2016, amid pressure, he acknowledged that Obama was born in the U.S. and falsely claimed the rumors had been started by Hillary Clinton during her 2008 presidential campaign.[790] In 2017, he reportedly still expressed birther views in private.[791]\nAccording to an analysis in Political Science Quarterly, Trump made "explicitly racist appeals to whites" during his 2016 presidential campaign.[792] In particular, his campaign launch speech drew widespread criticism for claiming Mexican immigrants were "bringing drugs, they\'re bringing crime, they\'re rapists".[793][794] His later comments about a Mexican-American judge presiding over a civil suit regarding Trump University were also criticized as racist.[795]\n\nPlay media Trump answers questions from reporters about the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville.\nTrump\'s comments in reaction to the 2017 Charlottesville far-right rally were interpreted as implying a moral equivalence between white supremacist demonstrators and counter-protesters.[796]\nIn a January 2018 Oval Office meeting to discuss immigration legislation, he reportedly referred to El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and African nations as "shithole countries".[797] His remarks were condemned as racist worldwide, as well as by many members of Congress.[798][799]\nIn July 2019, Trump tweeted that four Democratic members of Congress\xa0– all four minority women, three of them native-born Americans\xa0– should "go back" to the countries they "came from".[800] Two days later the House of Representatives voted 240–187, mostly along party lines, to condemn his "racist comments".[801] White nationalist publications and social media sites praised his remarks, which continued over the following days.[802]\n\nAllegations of sexual misconduct\nMain articles: Donald Trump sexual misconduct allegations and Donald Trump Access Hollywood tape\nAt least twenty-three women have publicly accused Trump of sexual misconduct as of October\xa02019[update], including his then-wife Ivana. There were allegations of rape, violence, being kissed and groped without consent, looking under women\'s skirts, and walking in on naked women.[803][804] In 2016, he denied all accusations, calling them "false smears", and alleged there was a conspiracy against him.[805]\nIn October 2016, two days before the second presidential debate, a 2005 "hot mic" recording surfaced in which Trump was heard bragging about forcibly kissing and groping women, saying "when you\'re a star, they let you do it, you can do anything\xa0... grab \'em by the pussy."[806] The incident\'s widespread media exposure led to Trump\'s first public apology during the campaign,[807] and caused outrage across the political spectrum.[808]\n\nAllegations of inciting violence\nSome research suggests Trump\'s rhetoric causes an increased incidence of hate crimes.[809][810][811] During the 2016 campaign, he sometimes urged or praised physical attacks against protesters or reporters.[812][813] Since then, some individuals or their attorneys have cited Trump\'s rhetoric as a defense for their hate speech or violent actions.[814] In August 2019 it was reported that a man who allegedly assaulted a minor for perceived disrespect toward the national anthem had cited Trump\'s rhetoric in his own defense.[815] It was also reported in August 2019 that a nationwide review conducted by ABC News had identified at least 36 criminal cases where Trump was invoked in direct connection with violence or threats of violence. Of these, 29 were based around someone echoing presidential rhetoric, while the other seven were someone protesting it or not having direct linkage.[816]\n\nPopular culture\nMain articles: Donald Trump in popular culture and Donald Trump in music\nTrump has been the subject of comedians, Flash cartoon artists, and online caricature artists. He has been parodied regularly on Saturday Night Live by Phil Hartman, Darrell Hammond, and Alec Baldwin, and in South Park as Mr. Garrison. The Simpsons episode "Bart to the Future", written during his 2000 campaign for the Reform party, anticipated a future Trump presidency. A dedicated parody series called The President Show debuted in April 2017 on Comedy Central, while another one called Our Cartoon President debuted on Showtime in February 2018.[817]\nTrump\'s wealth and lifestyle had been a fixture of hip-hop lyrics since the 1980s, as he was named in hundreds of songs, most often in a positive tone.[818][819] Mentions of Trump turned negative and pejorative after he ran for office in 2015.[818]\n\nRecognition\nFurther information: List of honors and awards received by Donald Trump\nIn 1983, Trump received the Jewish National Fund Tree of Life Award, after he helped fund two playgrounds, a park, and a reservoir in Israel.[820][821] In 1986, he received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor in recognition of "patriotism, tolerance, brotherhood and diversity",[822] and in 1995 was awarded the President\'s Medal from the Freedoms Foundation for his support of youth programs.[823] He has been awarded five honorary doctorates, but one was revoked by Robert Gordon University in 2015 after Trump called for a Muslim ban, citing Trump\'s speech being "wholly incompatible\xa0... with the ethos and values of the university". The remaining awards are Lehigh University\'s honorary doctorate of laws in 1988, Wagner College\'s honorary doctorate of humane letters in 2004, and Liberty University\'s honorary doctorates of business and law in 2012 and 2017 respectively.[824]\nIn December 2016, Time named Trump as its "Person of the Year",[825] but Trump took issue with the magazine for referring to him as the "President of the Divided States of America".[826] In the same month, he was named Financial Times Person of the Year[827] and was ranked by Forbes the second most powerful person in the world after Vladimir Putin.[828] As president, Trump received the Collar of The Order of Abdulaziz al Saud from Saudi Arabia in 2017.[829]\n\nInvestigations\nFurther information: Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (transition, January–June 2017, July–December 2017, January–June 2018, July–December 2018, 2019, and 2020–2021)\nThe Crossfire Hurricane FBI investigation into possible links between Russia and the Trump campaign was launched in mid-2016 during the campaign season. Since he assumed the presidency, Trump has been the subject of increasing Justice Department and congressional scrutiny, with investigations covering his election campaign, transition and inauguration, actions taken during his presidency, along with his private businesses, personal taxes, and charitable foundation.[70] The New York Times reported in May 2019 that there were 29 open investigations of Trump, including ten federal criminal investigations, eight state and local investigations, and eleven Congressional investigations.[830]\n\nHush payments\nMain article: Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal\nSee also: Legal affairs of Donald Trump §\xa0Payments related to alleged affairs, and Karen McDougal §\xa0Alleged affair with Donald Trump\n Pornographic film actress Stormy Daniels in 2010\nAmerican Media, Inc. (AMI) paid $150,000 to Playboy model Karen McDougal in August 2016,[831] and Trump\'s attorney Michael Cohen paid $130,000 to adult film actress Stormy Daniels in October 2016.[832] Both women were paid for non-disclosure agreements regarding their alleged affairs with Trump between 2006 and 2007.[833] Cohen pleaded guilty in 2018 to breaking campaign finance laws, saying he had arranged both payments at the direction of Trump in order to influence the presidential election.[834] AMI admitted paying McDougal to prevent publication of stories that might damage Trump\'s electoral chances.[835] Trump denied the affairs, and claimed he was not aware of Cohen\'s payment to Daniels, but reimbursed him in 2017.[836][837] Federal prosecutors asserted that Trump had been involved in discussions regarding non-disclosure payments as early as 2014.[838] Court documents showed that the FBI believed Trump was directly involved in the payment to Daniels, based on calls he had with Cohen in October 2016.[839][840] In July 2019, a federal judge disclosed that prosecutors had stated in a court filing they had closed the investigation,[841] but days later the Manhattan District Attorney subpoenaed the Trump Organization and AMI for records related to the hush payments[842] and in August subpoenaed eight years of tax returns for Trump and the Trump Organization.[843]\n\nRussian interference\nMain article: Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections\nSee also: Links between Trump associates and Russian officials, Steele dossier, and Trump-Ukraine scandal\nIn January 2017, American intelligence agencies\xa0– the CIA, the FBI, and the NSA, represented by the Director of National Intelligence\xa0– jointly stated with "high confidence" that the Russian government interfered in the 2016 presidential election to favor the election of Trump.[844][845] In March 2017, FBI Director James Comey told Congress "the FBI, as part of our counterintelligence mission, is investigating the Russian government\'s efforts to interfere in the 2016 presidential election. That includes investigating the nature of any links between individuals associated with the Trump campaign and the Russian government, and whether there was any coordination between the campaign and Russia\'s efforts."[846]\nThe connections between Trump associates and Russia have been widely reported by the press.[847][848] One of Trump\'s campaign managers, Paul Manafort, had worked from December 2004 until February 2010 to help pro-Russian politician Viktor Yanukovych win the Ukrainian presidency.[849] Other Trump associates, including former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn and political consultant Roger Stone, have been connected to Russian officials.[850][851] Russian agents were overheard during the campaign saying they could use Manafort and Flynn to influence Trump.[852]\nMembers of Trump\'s campaign and later his White House staff, particularly Flynn, were in contact with Russian officials both before and after the November election.[853][854] On December 29, 2016, Flynn talked with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak about sanctions that had been imposed the same day; Flynn later resigned in the midst of controversy over whether he misled Pence.[855] The Washington Post reported that Trump had told Kislyak and Sergei Lavrov in May 2017 he was unconcerned about Russian interference in U.S. elections.[856]\nTrump and his allies have promoted a conspiracy theory that Ukraine, rather than Russia, interfered in the 2016 election\xa0– which has also been promoted by Russia in an effort to frame Ukraine.[857] After the Democratic National Committee was hacked, Trump firstly claimed it withheld "its server" from the FBI (in actuality there were more than 140 servers, of which digital copies were given to the FBI); secondly that CrowdStrike, the company which investigated the servers, was Ukraine-based and Ukrainian-owned (in actuality, CrowdStrike is U.S.-based, with the largest owners being American companies); and thirdly that "the server" was hidden in Ukraine. Members of the Trump administration have spoken out against the conspiracy theories.[858]\n\nSpecial counsel investigation\nMain articles: Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) and Mueller Report\n The redacted version of the Mueller Report released by the Department of Justice on April 18, 2019\nOn May 17, 2017, former Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed Robert Mueller, a former director of the FBI, to serve as special counsel for the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) investigating "any links and/or coordination between Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation",[859][860] thus taking over the existing "Crossfire Hurricane" FBI investigation into the matter.[860] The special counsel also investigated whether Trump\'s dismissal of James Comey as FBI director constituted obstruction of justice, and possible campaign ties to other national governments.[861] Trump repeatedly denied any collusion between his campaign and the Russian government.[862] Mueller also investigated the Trump campaign\'s possible ties to Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Qatar, Israel, and China.[863]\nTrump sought to fire Mueller on several occasions\xa0– in June 2017, December 2017, and April 2018\xa0– and close the investigation but backed down after his staff objected or after changing his mind.[864] He bemoaned the recusal of his first Attorney General Jeff Sessions regarding Russia matters, and believed Sessions should have stopped the investigation.[865]\nOn March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and gave his report to Attorney General William Barr.[866] On March 24, Barr sent a four-page letter to Congress summarizing the "principal conclusions" in the report. He quoted Mueller as stating "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him." Barr further wrote that he and Rosenstein did not see sufficient evidence to prove obstruction of justice.[867] Trump interpreted Mueller\'s report as a "complete exoneration", a phrase he repeated multiple times in the ensuing weeks.[868] Mueller privately complained to Barr on March 27 that his summary did not accurately reflect what the report said,[869] and some legal analysts called the Barr letter misleading.[870]\nA redacted version of the report was released to the public on April 18, 2019. The first volume found that Russia interfered to favor Trump\'s candidacy and hinder Clinton\'s.[871] Despite "numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", the prevailing evidence "did not establish" that Trump campaign members conspired or coordinated with Russian interference.[872][873] The report states that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election was illegal and occurred "in sweeping and systematic fashion",[859] and it details how Trump and his campaign welcomed and encouraged foreign interference believing they would politically benefit.[874][875][876]\nThe second volume of the Mueller Report dealt with possible obstruction of justice by Trump.[877] The report did not exonerate Trump of obstruction inasmuch as investigators were not confident of his innocence after examining his intent and actions.[878] Investigators decided they could not "apply an approach that could potentially result in a judgment that the President committed crimes", as they could not indict a sitting president per an Office of Legal Counsel (OLC) opinion, and would not accuse him of a crime when he cannot clear his name in court.[879] The report concluded that Congress, having the authority to take action against a president for wrongdoing, "may apply the obstruction laws".[880] Congress subsequently launched an impeachment inquiry following the Trump–Ukraine scandal, albeit it ultimately did not press charges related to the Mueller investigation.\n\nAssociates\nSee also: Criminal charges brought in the Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)\nOn August 21, 2018, former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort was convicted on eight felony counts of false tax filing and bank fraud.[881] Trump said he felt very badly for Manafort and praised him for resisting the pressure to make a deal with prosecutors, saying "Such respect for a brave man!" According to Rudy Giuliani, Trump\'s personal attorney, Trump had sought advice about pardoning Manafort but was counseled against it.[882]\nOn November 29, Trump\'s former attorney Michael Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about Trump\'s 2016 attempts to reach a deal with Russia to build a Trump Tower in Moscow. Cohen said he had made the false statements on behalf of Trump, who was identified as "Individual-1" in the court documents.[883]\nThe five Trump associates who have pleaded guilty or have been convicted in Mueller\'s investigation or related cases include Paul Manafort, deputy campaign manager Rick Gates, foreign policy advisor George Papadopoulos, Michael Flynn, and Michael Cohen.[884][885]\nIn February 2020, Trump campaign adviser Roger Stone was sentenced to over three years in jail, after being convicted of lying to Congress and witness tampering regarding his attempts to learn more about hacked Democratic emails during the 2016 election. The sentencing judge said Stone "was prosecuted for covering up for the president".[886]\n\n2019 congressional investigation\nIn March 2019, the House Judiciary Committee launched a broad investigation of Trump for possible obstruction of justice, corruption, and abuse of power.[887] Committee chairman Jerrold Nadler sent letters demanding documents to 81 individuals and organizations associated with Trump\'s presidency, business, and private life, saying it is "very clear that the president obstructed justice".[888][889] Three other committee chairmen wrote the White House and State Department requesting details of Trump\'s communications with Putin, including any efforts to conceal the content of those communications.[889] The White House refused to comply, asserting that presidential communications with foreign leaders are protected and confidential.[890]\n\nImpeachment\nMain article: Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump\nSee also: Trump–Ukraine scandal\nImpeachment and trial is a process under the United States Constitution whereby the legislature can remove from office a president, cabinet member, judge, or other civil officer.[891] The House of Representatives investigates the case; if the House votes to bring charges, the officer is impeached. There is then a trial in the Senate where a two-thirds vote is required to remove the person from office.[892]\n\nImpeachment by the House of Representatives\nMain article: Impeachment of Donald Trump\n Members of House of Representatives vote on two articles of impeachment (H.Res. 755), December\xa018,\xa02019\nDuring much of Trump\'s presidency, Democrats were divided on the question of impeachment.[893] Fewer than 20 representatives in the House supported impeachment by January 2019; after the Mueller Report was released in April and special counsel Robert Mueller testified in July, this number grew to around 140 representatives.[894]\nIn August 2019, a whistleblower filed a complaint with the Inspector General of the Intelligence Community about a July 25 phone call between Trump and President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, during which Trump had pressured Zelensky to investigate CrowdStrike and Democratic presidential primary candidate Joe Biden and his son Hunter, adding that the White House had attempted to "lock down" the call records in a cover-up.[895] The whistleblower further stated that the call was part of a wider pressure campaign by Giuliani and the Trump administration which may have included withholding financial aid from Ukraine in July 2019 and canceling Vice President Pence\'s May 2019 Ukraine trip.[896] Trump later confirmed having withheld military aid from Ukraine and offered contradicting reasons for the decision.[897][898][899]\nAfter the whistleblower complaint became known in September 2019, House speaker Nancy Pelosi initiated a formal impeachment inquiry on September 24.[900][901] The Trump administration subsequently released a memorandum of the July 25 phone call, confirming that after Zelensky mentioned purchasing American anti-tank missiles, Trump asked Zelensky to investigate and to discuss these matters with Trump\'s personal attorney Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr.[895][902] According to the testimony of multiple administration officials and former officials, the events were part of a broader effort to further Trump\'s personal interests by giving him an advantage in the upcoming presidential election.[903]\nAmong several State Department employees testifying to congressional committees in October 2019, William B. Taylor Jr., the chargé d\'affaires for Ukraine, testified that soon after arriving in Ukraine in June 2019, he found that Zelensky was being subjected to pressure from a private initiative directed by Trump and led by Giuliani. According to Taylor and others, the goal was to coerce Zelensky into making a public commitment to investigate the company that employed Hunter Biden, as well as rumors about Ukrainian involvement in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[904] He said it was made clear that until Zelensky made such an announcement, the administration would not release scheduled military aid for Ukraine and not invite Zelensky to the White House.[905][906] Zelensky denied that he felt pressured by Trump.[907]\nOn December 3, 2019, the House Intelligence Committee published a report authored by Democrats on the committee, stating that "the impeachment inquiry has found that President Trump, personally and acting through agents within and outside of the U.S. government, solicited the interference of a foreign government, Ukraine, to benefit his reelection." The report said Trump withheld military aid and a White House invitation in order to influence Ukraine to announce investigations into Trump\'s political rivals. Furthermore, the report described Trump was the only U.S. president thus far to have "openly and indiscriminately" defied impeachment proceedings by telling his administration officials to ignore subpoenas for documents and testimony.[908][909][910]:8,208 The Republicans of the House Committees had released a draft of a countering report the previous day, saying in part that the evidence "does not prove any of these Democrat allegations, and none of the Democrats\' witnesses testified to having evidence of bribery, extortion, or any high crime or misdemeanor."[911][912]\nOn December 13, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee voted along party lines to pass two articles of impeachment: abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.[913] After debate, the House of Representatives impeached Trump with both articles on December 18.[914]\n\nImpeachment trial in the Senate\nMain article: Impeachment trial of Donald Trump\nThe Senate impeachment trial began on January 16, 2020.[915] On January 22, the Republican Senate majority rejected amendments proposed by the Democratic minority to call witnesses and subpoena documents; evidence collected during the House impeachment proceedings will be entered into the Senate record automatically unless objected to on a case-by-case basis.[916] For the three days, January 22–24, the impeachment managers for the House presented their case to the Senate. They cited evidence to support charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress, and asserted that Trump\'s actions were exactly what the founding fathers had in mind when they included an impeachment process in the Constitution.[917] Responding over the next three days, the Trump legal team did not deny the facts as presented in the charges, but said Trump had not broken any laws or obstructed Congress.[918] They argued that the impeachment was "constitutionally and legally invalid" because Trump was not charged with a crime, abuse of power is not an impeachable offense, and Trump therefore should be acquitted immediately.[918] On January 31, the Senate voted against allowing subpoenas to call witnesses or documents; 51 Republicans formed the majority for this vote.[919] Thus, this became the first impeachment trial in U.S. history without witness testimony.[920] On February 5, Trump was acquitted of both charges in a vote nearly along party lines, with Republican Mitt Romney being the only senator\xa0– and the only senator in U.S. history\xa0– to cross party lines by voting to convict on one of the charges.[921] Following his acquittal, Trump began identifying and removing political appointees and career officials he deemed insufficiently loyal.[922]\n\nNotes\n\n\n^ a b c This estimate is by Forbes in their annual ranking. Bloomberg Billionaires Index listed Trump\'s net worth as $2.97\xa0billion in June 2019,[58] and Wealth-X listed it as at least $3.2\xa0billion in April 2019.[59]\n\n^ Presidential elections in the United States are decided by the Electoral College, in which each state names a number of electors equal to its representation in Congress, and all delegates from each state usually vote for the winner of the local state vote (except for faithless electors). Consequently, it is possible for the president-elect to have received fewer votes from the country\'s total population (the popular vote). This situation has occurred five times since 1824.\n\n^ Ronald Reagan was older upon his second-term inauguration.\n\n^ "In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign \'coordinat[ed]\'\xa0– a term that appears in the appointment order\xa0– with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, \'coordination\' does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement\xa0– tacit or express\xa0– between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other\'s actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities." Mueller Report, vol. I, p. 2\n\n^ Records on this matter date from the year 1824. The number "five" includes the elections of 1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, and 2016. Despite their similarities, some of these five elections had peculiar results; e.g. John Quincy Adams trailed in both the national popular vote and the electoral college in 1824 (since no one had a majority in the electoral college, Adams was chosen by the House of Representatives), and Samuel Tilden in 1876 remains the only losing candidate to win an actual majority of the popular vote (rather than just a plurality).[295][296]\n\n^ Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president.[306]\n\n\nReferences\n\n\n^ "Certificate of Birth". Department of Health – City of New York – Bureau of Records and Statistics. Archived from the original on May 12, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2018 – via ABC News..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\\"""\\"""\'""\'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}\n\n^ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p.\xa032.\n\n^ Horowitz, Jason (September 22, 2015). "Donald Trump\'s Old Queens Neighborhood Contrasts With the Diverse Area Around It". The New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2018.\n\n^ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p.\xa038.\n\n^ a b Viser, Matt (August 28, 2015). "Even in college, Donald Trump was brash". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 28, 2018.\n\n^ Ehrenfreund, Max (September 3, 2015). "The real reason Donald Trump is so rich". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 17, 2016.\n\n^ "Two Hundred and Twelfth Commencement for the Conferring of Degrees" (PDF). University of Pennsylvania. May 20, 1968. pp.\xa019–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 19, 2016.\n\n^ Selk, Avi (May 20, 2018). "It\'s the 50th anniversary of the day Trump left college and (briefly) faced the draft". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 3, 2019.\n\n^ Ashford, Grace (February 27, 2019). "Michael Cohen Says Trump Told Him to Threaten Schools Not to Release Grades". The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2019.\n\n^ Montopoli, Brian (April 29, 2011). "Donald Trump avoided Vietnam with deferments, records show". CBS News. Retrieved July 17, 2015.\n\n^ "Donald John Trump\'s Selective Service Draft Card and Selective Service Classification Ledger". National Archives. August 15, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2019. – via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)\n\n^ a b Whitlock, Craig (July 21, 2015). "Questions linger about Trump\'s draft deferments during Vietnam War". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 2, 2017.\n\n^ Eder, Steve; Philipps, Dave (August 1, 2016). "Donald Trump\'s Draft Deferments: Four for College, One for Bad Feet". The New York Times. Retrieved August 2, 2016.\n\n^ Emery, David (August 2, 2016). "Donald Trump\'s Draft Deferments". Snopes.com. Retrieved October 16, 2018.\n\n^ Glasser, Susan B. (April 30, 2020). "History According to Trump: The President and the 1917 Pandemic That Wasn\'t". The New Yorker.\n\n^ Blair, Gwenda (December 4, 2001). The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. New York City: Simon and Schuster. p.\xa0120. ISBN\xa0978-0-7432-1079-9.\n\n^ Blair, Gwenda (August 24, 2015). "The Man Who Made Trump Who He Is". Politico. Retrieved July 24, 2016.\n\n^ Hansler, Jennifer (November 28, 2017). "Trump\'s family denied German heritage for years". CNN.\n\n^ McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). "The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps". The New Yorker. Retrieved May 23, 2020.\n\n^ Pilon, Mary (June 24, 2016). "Donald Trump\'s Immigrant Mother". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 2, 2017.\n\n^ McGrane, Sally (April 29, 2016). "The Ancestral German Home of the Trumps". The New Yorker. Retrieved April 2, 2017.\n\n^ Collman, Ashley (April 11, 2019). "Meet Donald Trump\'s siblings, the oldest of whom just retired as a federal judge". Business Insider. Retrieved November 2, 2019.\n\n^ Blair 2015, p.\xa0300.\n\n^ "Lara and Eric Trump welcome second child". NBC Montana. August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.\n\n^ "Ivana Trump becomes U.S. citizen". The Lewiston Journal. Associated Press. May 27, 1988. Retrieved August 21, 2015 – via Google News.\n\n^ "Ivana Trump to write memoir about raising US president\'s children". The Guardian. Associated Press. March 16, 2017. Retrieved May 6, 2017.\n\n^ Capuzzo, Mike (December 21, 1993). "Marla Finally Becomes Mrs. Trump It Was \'Paparazzi\' Aplenty And Glitz Galore As The Couple Pledged Their Troth". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2019.\n\n^ Graham, Ruth (July 20, 2016). "Tiffany Trump\'s Sad, Vague Tribute to Her Distant Father". Slate. Retrieved July 24, 2016.\n\n^ Baylis, Sheila Cosgrove (August 7, 2013). "Marla Maples Still Loves Donald Trump". People. Retrieved May 6, 2017.\n\n^ Stanley, Alessandra (October 1, 2016). "The Other Trump". The New York Times. Retrieved May 6, 2017.\n\n^ Brown, Tina (January 27, 2005). "Donald Trump, Settling Down". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 7, 2017.\n\n^ "Donald Trump Fast Facts". CNN. March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 10, 2015.\n\n^ Gunter, Joel (March 2, 2018). "What is the Einstein visa? And how did Melania Trump get one?". BBC News. Retrieved August 2, 2019.\n\n^ a b c Barron, James (September 5, 2016). "Overlooked Influences on Donald Trump: A Famous Minister and His Church". The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2016.\n\n^ a b Scott, Eugene (August 28, 2015). "Church says Donald Trump is not an \'active member\'". CNN. Retrieved May 26, 2020.\n\n^ a b Schwartzman, Paul (January 21, 2016). "How Trump got religion – and why his legendary minister\'s son now rejects him". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 18, 2017.\n\n^ Kranish & Fisher 2017, p.\xa081.\n\n^ Weigel, David (August 11, 2015). "In Michigan, Trump attacks China, critiques auto bailout, and judges Bernie Sanders \'weak\'". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 22, 2015.\n\n^ Peters, Jeremy W.; Haberman, Maggie (October 31, 2019). "Paula White, Trump\'s Personal Pastor, Joins the White House". 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The Washington Post.\n\n^ Qiu, Linda (June 22, 2017). "In One Rally, 12 Inaccurate Claims From Trump". The New York Times.\n\n^ \nMcGranahan, Carole (May 2017). "An anthropology of lying: Trump and the political sociality of moral outrage". American Ethnologist. 44 (2): 243–248. doi:10.1111/amet.12475. It has long been a truism that politicians lie, but with the entry of Donald Trump into the U.S. political domain, the frequency, degree, and impact of lying in politics are now unprecedented [...] Donald Trump is different. By all metrics and counting schemes, his lies are off the charts. We simply have not seen such an accomplished and effective liar before in U.S. politics.\nStolberg, Sheryl Gay (August 7, 2017). "Many Politicians Lie. But Trump Has Elevated the Art of Fabrication". The New York Times. Retrieved March 11, 2019. President Trump, historians and consultants in both political parties agree, appears to have taken what the writer Hannah Arendt once called \'the conflict between truth and politics\' to an entirely new level.\nKessler, Glenn (December 30, 2018). "A year of unprecedented deception: Trump averaged 15 false claims a day in 2018". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 20, 2019. \'When before have we seen a president so indifferent to the distinction between truth and falsehood, or so eager to blur that distinction?\' presidential historian Michael R. Beschloss said of Trump in 2018.\nBarabak, Mark Z. (February 6, 2017). "There\'s a long history of presidential untruths. Here\'s why Donald Trump is \'in a class by himself\'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 11, 2019. White House scholars and other students of government agree there has never been a president like Donald Trump, whose volume of falsehoods, misstatements and serial exaggerations\xa0– on matters large and wincingly small\xa0– place him \'in a class by himself\', as Texas A&M\'s George Edwards put it.\nDale, Daniel (December 22, 2017). "Donald Trump has spent a year lying shamelessly. It hasn\'t worked". Toronto Star. Retrieved March 4, 2019. \'We\'ve had presidents that have lied or misled the country, but we\'ve never had a serial liar before. And that\'s what we\'re dealing with here,\' said Douglas Brinkley, the prominent Rice University presidential historian.\nCillizza, Chris (May 9, 2018). "President Trump lied more than 3,000 times in 466 days". CNN. Retrieved March 4, 2019. We\'ve never had a president with such a casual relationship to the truth\xa0... The sheer rate of Trump\'s untruth-telling is staggering. It is unprecedented.\nSkjeseth, Heidi Taksdal (2017). "All the president\'s lies: Media coverage of lies in the US and France" (PDF). Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. ...\xa0a president who is delivering untruths on an unprecedented scale. Mr Trump did this both while running for president, and he has continued to do so in office. There is no precedent for this amount of untruths in the U.S.\nStern, Donnel (May 9, 2019). "Constructivism in the Age of Trump: Truth, Lies, and Knowing the Difference". Psychoanalytic Dialogues. 29 (2): 189–196. doi:10.1080/10481885.2019.1587996. Donald Trump lies so often that some have wondered whether he has poisoned the well [...] We expect politicians to stretch the truth. But Trump is a whole different animal. He lies as a policy.\nGrosz, Stephen (January 9, 2019). "The real reason Donald Trump lies". Financial Times. Retrieved June 25, 2019. We all lie, but we don\'t lie like President Trump. 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"\'Nobody Pushed Me.\' Ukrainian President Denies Trump Pressured Him to Investigate Biden\'s Son". Time. Retrieved November 20, 2019.\n\n^ Mascaro, Lisa; Jalonick, Mary Clare; Miller, Zeke; Long, Colleen; Tucker, Eric; Colvin, Jill (December 3, 2019). "House Releases 300-Page Report Outlining Evidence for Trump\'s Impeachment". Time. Associated Press. Retrieved December 11, 2019.\n\n^ Weiland, Noah (December 3, 2019). "Impeachment Briefing: The Democratic Report". The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2019.\n\n^ "Report of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Pursuant to H. Res. 660 in Consultation with the House Committee on Oversight and Reform and the House Committee on Foreign Affairs" (PDF). House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. December 3, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.\n\n^ Jansen, Bart; Hayes, Christal (December 2, 2019). "House GOP report on impeachment inquiry defends Trump\'s dealings with Ukraine". USA Today. Retrieved December 12, 2019.\n\n^ "Republican Report On The Impeachment Inquiry". NPR. December 2, 2019. Retrieved December 12, 2019.\n\n^ Siegel, Benjamin; Faulders, Katherine (December 13, 2019). "House Judiciary Committee passes articles of impeachment against President Trump". ABC News. Retrieved December 13, 2019.\n\n^ Gregorian, Dareh (December 18, 2019). "Trump impeached by the House for abuse of power, obstruction of Congress". NBC News. Retrieved December 18, 2019.\n\n^ Herb, Jeremy (January 16, 2020). "Senate impeachment trial of Donald Trump officially begins". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2020.\n\n^ Gregorian, Dareh (January 22, 2020). "Senate passes McConnell impeachment rules after nearly 13 hours of debate". NBC News. Retrieved January 22, 2020.\n\n^ Kim, Seung Min; Wagner, John; Demirjian, Karoun (January 23, 2019). "Democrats detail abuse-of-power charge against Trump as Republicans complain of repetitive arguments". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 27, 2020.\n\n^ a b Shear, Michael D.; Fandos, Nicholas (January 22, 2020). "Trump\'s Defense Team Calls Impeachment Charges \'Brazen\' as Democrats Make Legal Case". The New York Times. Retrieved January 30, 2020.\n\n^ Herb, Jeremy; Mattingly, Phil; Raju, Manu; Fox, Lauren (January 31, 2020). "Senate impeachment trial: Wednesday acquittal vote scheduled after effort to have witnesses fails". CNN. Retrieved February 2, 2020.\n\n^ Bookbinder, Noah (January 9, 2020). "The Senate has conducted 15 impeachment trials. It heard witnesses in every one". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 8, 2020.\n\n^ Fandos, Nicholas (February 5, 2020). "Trump Acquitted of Two Impeachment Charges in Near Party-Line Vote". The New York Times. Retrieved February 7, 2020.\n\n^ Baker, Peter (February 22, 2020). "Trump\'s Efforts to Remove the Disloyal Heightens Unease Across His Administration". The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020.\n\n\nWorks cited\n.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}\nBarrett, Wayne (2016) [First published 1992]. Trump: The Deals and the Downfall (First Regan Art Paperback ed.). Harper Collins. ISBN\xa0978-1-682450-79-6. Paperback title: The greatest show on Earth\xa0– The deals, the downfall, the reinvention.\nBlair, Gwenda (2015a). Donald Trump: The Candidate. Simon & Schuster. ISBN\xa0978-1-4391-2937-1.\nBlair, Gwenda (2015b) [First published 2001]. The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. Simon & Schuster. ISBN\xa0978-1-5011-3936-9.\nGallup, George Jr. (1990). The Gallup Poll: Public Opinion 1989. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN\xa0978-0-8420-2344-3.\nPacelle, Mitchell (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN\xa0978-0-471-23865-2.\nKranish, Michael; Fisher, Marc (2017) [First published 2016]. Trump Revealed: The Definitive Biography of the 45th President. Simon & Schuster. ISBN\xa0978-1-5011-5652-6.\nO\'Donnell, John R.; Rutherford, James (1991) [First published 1991]. Trumped!. Crossroad Press Trade Edition. ISBN\xa0978-1946025-26-5.\nTrump, Donald J.; Schwartz, Tony (2009) [First published 1987]. Trump: The Art of the Deal. Random House. ISBN\xa0978-0-446-35325-0.\nWooten, Sara (2009). Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV. Enslow Publishers. ISBN\xa0978-0-7660-2890-6.\n\nExternal links\nLibrary resources about Donald Trump \nResources in your library\nResources in other libraries\n\nBy Donald Trump\nResources in your library\nResources in other libraries\n\nTrump\'s profile on WhiteHouse.gov\nDonald Trump on Twitter (personal)\nDonald Trump at Encyclopædia Britannica\nDonald Trump collected news and commentary. The New York Times.\nDonald Trump collected news and commentary. The Wall Street Journal.\nDonald Trump appearances on C-SPAN\nDonald Trump on the Internet Archive\nTalking About Donald Trump at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television\nvteDonald Trump\n45th President of the United States (2017–present)\nOwner of The Trump Organization (Chairman/President: 1971–2017)\nExecutive producer of The Apprentice (Host: 2004–2015)\nPresidency\nElection\nReactions\nTransition\nInauguration\nTimeline\nfirst 100 days\n2017\nQ1\nQ2\nQ3\nQ4\n2018\nQ1\nQ2\nQ3\nQ4\n2019\nQ1\nQ2\nQ3\nQ4\n2020\nQ1\nQ2\nQ3\ndomestic trips\n2017\n2018\n2019\n2020\ninternational trips\nPolls\n2017\n2018\n2019\nCabinet\nformation\nwithdrawn\nAppointments\nambassadors\neconomic advisors\nfederal judges\nSupreme Court candidates\nNeil Gorsuch\nBrett Kavanaugh\nU.S. Attorneys\ncontroversies\nshort tenures\nDismissals\nU.S. Attorneys\nInspectors General\nJames Comey\nPardons and commutations\nJoe Arpaio\nExecutive actions\nproclamations\nGovernment shutdowns\nJanuary 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(2007)\nTime to Get Tough (2011)\nMidas Touch (2011)\nCrippled America (2015)\nSpeeches\nInaugural address (2017)\nJoint session of Congress (2017)\nRiyadh summit (2017)\nWarsaw speech (2017)\nNational Scout Jamboree (2017)\nState of the Union Address\n2018\n2019\n2020\nOval Office address\n2019\n2020\nCampaigns\n2000 presidential campaign\n2016 presidential campaign\n"Make America Great Again"\nrallies\n2016 Republican primaries\nendorsements\ndebates\nconvention\n2016 general election\nendorsements\ndebates\nNever Trump movement\nRepublican Voters Against Trump\nRepublican opposition\nMitt Romney speech\nSexual misconduct allegations\nAccess Hollywood recording\n2020 presidential campaign\nrallies\n2020 Republican primaries\nconvention\n2020 general election\nendorsements\ndebates\nRelated\nFoundation\nIn popular culture\nfilmography\nin music\nSNL parodies\nTrump family\nImmediate family\nResidences\n85-15 Wareham Place\nBedminster\nMar-a-Lago\nTrump Tower\nThe Visionary\nOn social media\nwiretapping allegations\nReal News Update\nCovfefe\nFake News Awards\nNicknames used by Trump\nPseudonyms\nStormy Daniels scandal\nTrump Force One\nTrump derangement syndrome\n\n← Barack Obama\n\n Category\n Book\n\n.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}Find out more on Wikipedia\'sSister projectsMediafrom CommonsNews storiesfrom WikinewsDefinitionsfrom WiktionaryQuotationsfrom WikiquoteSource textsfrom WikisourceDatafrom Wikidata\nAuthority control \nBIBSYS: 97055467\nBNC: 000883258\nBNE: XX1127639\nBNF: cb12195835j (data)\nCANTIC: a19573753\nCiNii: DA08488604\nGND: 118834312\nISNI: 0000 0001 0898 6765\nLCCN: n85387872\nLNB: 000084831\nMusicBrainz: 13dc1600-baca-4aaf-beee-fb000b66ae24\nNDL: 00476339\nNKC: jn19990008619\nNLA: 35123886\nNLG: 265994\nNLI: 000477325\nNLK: KAC199627898\nNLR: 000226533\nNSK: 000386800\nNTA: 073829463\nRERO: 02-A011627556\nRSL: 000018418\nSELIBR: 291160\nSNAC: w6rp0sqg\nSUDOC: 145942198\nTrove: 833430\nULAN: 500082105\nVIAF: 49272447\n WorldCat Identities: lccn-n85387872\n\n\n\n\nRetrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Donald_Trump&oldid=968184319"\nCategories: Donald Trump1946 birthsLiving people20th-century American businesspeople20th-century American politicians21st-century American businesspeople21st-century American politicians21st-century Presidents of the United StatesAmerican billionairesAmerican business writersAmerican casino industry businesspeopleAmerican conspiracy theoristsAmerican hoteliersAmerican investorsAmerican male non-fiction writersAmerican memoiristsAmerican nationalistsAmerican political writersAmerican real estate businesspeopleAmerican reality television producersAmerican television hostsBusinesspeople from New York CityCandidates in the 2000 United States presidential electionCandidates in the 2016 United States presidential electionCandidates 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[\\"CITEREFBobicStein2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBobo2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBondarenko\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBookbinder2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorakEgan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorchers2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorger2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorgerChulov2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorgerSmith2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBorundaMartinez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBoseShalal2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBouder2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBradner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBradnerFrehse2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrenner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBreuninger2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBreuninger2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrice2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrown2005\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBruggeman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBrunnstromSpetalnick2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuchananYourish2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBudryk2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuettnerCraig2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2019\\"] = 4,\\n [\\"CITEREFBump2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBuncombe2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBurns2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFBurnsHabermanMartin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFButterfield1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCalabresi2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCalamur2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFCaliaPramuk2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCampbellSpector2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCapuzzo1993\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarney2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarothersBrown2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCarroll2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCassidy2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChakraborty2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChalfant2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChalfantSamuels2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChamberlain2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChappellNeuman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCheney2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCheneyDesiderio2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFChozick2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizza2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCillizzaFahrenthold2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFClift2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCloudPringleStokols2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCoaston2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohan\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohen2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohenPolantzShortell2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCohn2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColeGarvey2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCollman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColvin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFColvinBarrow2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFComey2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCongerAlba2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFConley2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCooke2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCooper2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCorkeryKarni2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCosta2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCostaRucker2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCrockett2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCrowleyHassanSchmitt2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCuff1988\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCummings2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFCunningham2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFD\\u0026#039;Antonio2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDale2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFDangremond2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFDanner2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavis2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisPear2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisShear2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDavisTackett2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDawsey2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDeYoung2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDe_Moraes2002\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDe_Vogue2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDemirjian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDennis\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDesilver2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDetrow2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamond2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamond2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamondLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDiamondMalloyDewan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDilanianWindrem2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDomonoskeGonzales2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDrinkardWoodward2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDucharme2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDueck2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDuehren2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDunlap2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFDwoskin2020\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFEckert2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEder2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEderPhilipps2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEderTwohey2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEdmondson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEdwards2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEhrenfreund2015\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFEilperinDawsey\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFElizabethRadcliffe1985\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEmery2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpstein\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpstein2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEpsteinNelson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFEvon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFabian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrenthold2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrenthold2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdBadeWagner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdHelderman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFahrentholdO\\u0026#039;Harrow2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFandos2019\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFFandos2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarand2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarhi2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarivar\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarley2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarley2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFarleyRobertsonGoreSpencer2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFeinbergBrantonMartinez-Ebers\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFeldman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFerris2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFinnegan\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFisher2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlanagan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitter2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitter2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlitterOliphant2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFloodSingman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlores2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFlores2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFoderaro1989\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFolkenflik2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFForgey2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFFox2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFriedersdorf2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFritze2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFritze2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFFrum2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGabriel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGallup1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGambinoWalters2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGarber2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGarcia2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGardner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeewax2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeist1984\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeorge2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGeorgiou2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGera2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGibbs2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGillin2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGiroux2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGitell2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGladstone2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlasser2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlasser2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGlynn1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGolden2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGoldmacher2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGordon2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGordonSchmittHaberman2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGorman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGraham2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreenberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreenberg2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorian2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGregorianBennettWilliams2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGreshkoParkerHowardStone2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrinbergPark2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrossmanHopkins2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrosz2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrynbaum2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGrynbaumParker2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGunter2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFGupta2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaberman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaberman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanBurns2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanMartin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanRappeport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHabermanSchmidt2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHagen2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHalperin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHamburger2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHansler2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHansler2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHarrisDawseyNakashima2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHartigLapinskiPsyllos2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHauser2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHawley2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHaynes2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHealyRappeport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHeeb2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHensch2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerb2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbBrown2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbMattinglyRajuFox2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerbst2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHerreria2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHersherNeelyin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHesson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHillyardHelsel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHogan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHolanQiu2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHollandRamptonMason2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHolshue2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHornaday2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHorowitz2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHorowitz2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHotakainen2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHowardLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHuet2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHurley2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHutzler2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFHylton1990\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIngram2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFInman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFInwood2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIsidoreSahadi2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFIsidoreSchuman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJacobs2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJaffeRyan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJagoda\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJansenHayes2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJanson1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnson2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnsonCuison-Villazor2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJohnsonWagner2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJones-Rooy2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJost2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFJoyce2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKanno-YoungsBenner2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKarni2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKarniHaberman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKatersky2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKazin2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeating2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeith\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeith2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKelly2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKellyWetherbee2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeneally2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKeneallyMallin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKessler2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKessler2018\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerLee2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKesslerRizzoKelly2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKharakhPrimack2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKielyFarleyRobertson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKim2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKimWagnerDemirjian2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKlein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKodjak2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKoerner2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKonnikova2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKopan2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKoppel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKramer2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKranish2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKranishFisher2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKrieg2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFKumar2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKunzelmanGalvan2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKurtzlebel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFKwong2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFrance2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFraniere2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaFraniere2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaVito2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLajevardiOskooii2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLamothe\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLamothe2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLanders2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLandlerCooperSchmitt2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaughland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLaw2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLawderBlanchard2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLederman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLee2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeeKesslerKelly2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeibovich2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLelinwalla2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemire2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemireColvin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLemireNadler2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeonnigDawsey2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLeonnigZapotoskyDawseyTan2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLerner2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevine2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevineRosenberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLevingston2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLewandowskiHicks2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLichtblau2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLinkins2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptak2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptonCraig2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLiptonSangerHabermanShear2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLockett2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLongAlonso-Zaldivar2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLongStein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLopez2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFLopez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLorenzo2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLowe2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLozada2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLucas2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuce2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuckhurst2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFLuhby2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMacAskill2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMacKinnon2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMadison2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMadison2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMahlerEder2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMahlerFlegenheimer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaizland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMak2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaltz2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMangan2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarcin2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarkazi2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarquardtCrook2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMarshallZakMetz\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMartin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMaru\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMascaro2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMascaroJalonickMillerLong2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMayer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMazzetti2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcArdle2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCammon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCann2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCarthy\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCarthy2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCausland2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCormickJacobs2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcCoy2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcElweeMcDaniel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcGranahan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcGrane2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcNeil_Jr.2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcPherson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMcQuade2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeixler2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeredith2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMeredithBryer2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerica2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerle2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMerleKranishSonmez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMiller2014\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMiroffBlanco2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMitchell2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontenaro2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontopoli2011\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFMontoya-Galvez2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoody2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoody2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorehouse2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorin2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMorris2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMoyerStarrsLarimer2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMueller2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMui2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMuller2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMurrayBorgerDiamond2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFMustian2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFNakamuraKim2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNededog2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelson2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelson2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelsonMcGann2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNelsonNussbaum2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNesbit2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNeumeisterHays2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNewburger2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNichols2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNichols2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNisen2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNissenbaumSaidMalsin2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNoah2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNorris1995\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNussbaum2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFNussbaum2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Brien2005\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Brien2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Connor2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;DonnellRutherford1991\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Hara\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFO\\u0026#039;Neil2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOh2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOhlheiser2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOprysko2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOreskes1987\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOsborne2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFOstrikerPuzzangheraFinucaneDatar\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPacelle2001\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPager2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalazzoloRothfeldAlpert2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalca2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPalettaWerner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPanetta2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPark2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParker2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkerDavenport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkerLandayStrobel2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParkinsonGauthier-Villars2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFParnes2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPascoe2009\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPear2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPearle2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPelley2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPengelly2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPenzenstadlerPage2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPerezDiamond2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPeters2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPetersHaberman2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPeterson-Withorn2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPfiffner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPhelpsStruyk2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPhillips2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPilon2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPlumer2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPopovichAlbeck-RipkaPierre-Louis2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPradhan2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPramuk2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFPramukKimball2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPramukWilkie2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFProtessRashbaum2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPrzybylaSchecter2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPrzybylaSchouten2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPuente2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFPulidoBrunoFaiver-SernaGalentine2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFQiu\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFQiu2017\\"] = 4,\\n [\\"CITEREFQuigley2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFQuinn2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRai\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRaju2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRamptonLanday2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRamptonSobczak2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRansom2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRappeport2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRappeport2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRappeportHaberman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRashbaumProtess2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFReeve2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFReilly2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRein2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFReinstein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRevesz2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRicciardelliNackerudCochraneSims2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRich2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRiley-Smith2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRisen2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRogersAltman2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRogersCook2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRogersFandos2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRosenberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRosenberg2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRosenstein2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRowland2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRubin2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRuckerBadeCosta2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRuckerCosta2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRuckerDawseyWagner2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRuckerParker2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRugaber2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRupar2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRushinEdwards2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFRutenberg2002\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSalpukas1989\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSamenow2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSamuels2020\\"] = 1,\\n 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1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearApuzzo2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearFandos2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearFandos2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearGoodnoughHaberman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearHaberman2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearKolata2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearLandlerApuzzoLichtblau2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShearMervosh2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFShepard2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSherman2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSiegelFaulders2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSilver2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFSilverman2004\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSimonSidner2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSingh2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSingletary\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSingman2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSkelley2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSkjeseth2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSmialek2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSmith2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFSmith2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSnow2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSolnik2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSommer2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSpagat2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSpagat2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSpector2013\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSpinaci2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSpring2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSprunt2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStablefordWilson2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStanek2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStanley2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSteeve2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSteinDawsey2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSteinPaletta2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSteinhauerMartinHerszenhorn2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStelter2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStelterCollins\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStern2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStoddardMfula2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStolberg2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStone2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStoutGilpin1995\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStump2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFStump2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSubramanianCollinsJackson2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSullivan2017\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFSullivanMiller2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSwanson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFSwart2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTalevJacobs2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTani2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTannerLee2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTaylor2019\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFTaylorMeko2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTedeschi2006\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTeirstein2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTharoor2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFThe_White_House,_Office_of_the_Press_Secretary2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFThomas2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFThomsen\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFThomsen2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFThrushHaberman2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTigasWei\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTimm\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTimm2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFToddMurrayDannHolzberg2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTomasky2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTorbati2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTracy2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTrimble2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTrump2000\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTrump2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTrumpSchwartz2009\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTully2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFTur2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFV.v.B2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFValverde2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFVarkiani2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFVenook2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFViebeckMarkonDeYoung2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFViser2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFVitkovskaya2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFVogel2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWagnerHorwitz2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWagnerRies2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWagnerSonmezItkowitz\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWalsh2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWalsh2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWalters2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWamsley2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWang2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWatson\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeaver2018\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeber2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeigel2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeigel2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeiland2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWeiler2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWemple2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWestwood2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWhite2016\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFWhitlock2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilberViswanatha2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilliams2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilliamsNarayanswamy2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilson2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilson2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWilts2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWindremSiemaszkoArkin2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWinger2011\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWinter2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWintour2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWintourBurkeLivsey2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWise2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWolfson2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWong2019\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWoodward2020\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"CITEREFWoodwardPace2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWooten2009\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWright2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFWroughtonEllsworth2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFYenLongWoodward\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFYoung2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZapotoskyBuiJackmanBarrett2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZara2016\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZaveri2020\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZurcher2015\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZurcher2017\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFZurcher2018\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"CITEREFde_Vogue2019\\"] = 1,\\n 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= 46,\\n [\\"Marriage\\"] = 3,\\n [\\"Multiple image\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Nbsp\\"] = 11,\\n [\\"Notelist\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Nowrap\\"] = 4,\\n [\\"Other uses\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Percentage\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"Plainlist\\"] = 4,\\n [\\"Pp-move-indef\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Pp-vand\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Refbegin\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Refend\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Reflist\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Rp\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"See also\\"] = 17,\\n [\\"Sfn\\"] = 17,\\n [\\"Short description\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Snd\\"] = 40,\\n [\\"Subject bar\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Subscription required\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"TOC limit\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"URL\\"] = 2,\\n [\\"USBill\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Use American English\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"Use mdy dates\\"] = 1,\\n [\\"YouTube\\"] = 3,\\n}\\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\\n}\\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","580","13.3"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","500","11.5"],["recursiveClone \\u003CmwInit.lua:41\\u003E","380","8.7"],["Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::match","300","6.9"],["\\u003Cmw.lua:683\\u003E","200","4.6"],["dataWrapper 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[<title>Donald Trump - Wikipedia</title>]
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'Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.\n'
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[<span class="toctext">Personal life</span>, <span class="toctext">Early life</span>, <span class="toctext">Military deferment</span>, <span class="toctext">Family</span>, <span class="toctext">Parents and siblings</span>, <span class="toctext">Wives and children</span>, <span class="toctext">Religion</span>, <span class="toctext">Health and lifestyle</span>, <span class="toctext">Wealth</span>, <span class="toctext">Business career</span>, <span class="toctext">Real estate</span>, <span class="toctext">Manhattan developments</span>, <span class="toctext">Palm Beach estate</span>, <span class="toctext">Atlantic City casinos</span>, <span class="toctext">Golf courses</span>, <span class="toctext">Branding and licensing</span>, <span class="toctext">Legal affairs and bankruptcies</span>, <span class="toctext">Side ventures</span>, <span class="toctext">Trump University</span>, <span class="toctext">Foundation</span>, <span class="toctext">Conflicts of interest</span>, <span class="toctext">Media career</span>, <span class="toctext">Books</span>, <span class="toctext">WWE</span>, <span class="toctext"><i>The Apprentice</i></span>, <span class="toctext">Acting</span>, <span class="toctext">Talk shows</span>, <span class="toctext">Political career</span>, <span class="toctext">Political activities up to 2015</span>, <span class="toctext">2000 presidential campaign</span>, <span class="toctext">2012 presidential speculation</span>, <span class="toctext">2013–2015</span>, <span class="toctext">2016 presidential campaign</span>, <span class="toctext">Republican primaries</span>, <span class="toctext">General election campaign</span>, <span class="toctext">Political positions</span>, <span class="toctext">Campaign rhetoric</span>, <span class="toctext">Support from the far right</span>, <span class="toctext">Financial disclosures</span>, <span class="toctext">Election to the presidency</span>, <span class="toctext">Protests</span>, <span class="toctext">2020 presidential campaign</span>, <span class="toctext">Presidency</span>, <span class="toctext">Early actions</span>, <span class="toctext">Domestic policy</span>, <span class="toctext">Economy and trade</span>, <span class="toctext">Energy and climate</span>, <span class="toctext">Government size and deregulation</span>, <span class="toctext">Health care</span>, <span class="toctext">Social issues</span>, <span class="toctext">Pardons and commutations</span>, <span class="toctext">Immigration</span>, <span class="toctext">Travel ban</span>, <span class="toctext">Family separation at border</span>, <span class="toctext">Migrant detentions</span>, <span class="toctext">2018–2019 federal government shutdown</span>, <span class="toctext">National emergency regarding the southern border</span>, <span class="toctext">Trump wall</span>, <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span>, <span class="toctext">ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan</span>, <span class="toctext">Iran</span>, <span class="toctext">Israel</span>, <span class="toctext">China</span>, <span class="toctext">North Korea</span>, <span class="toctext">Russia</span>, <span class="toctext">Cuba</span>, <span class="toctext">Venezuela</span>, <span class="toctext">NATO</span>, <span class="toctext">Personnel</span>, <span class="toctext">Dismissal of James Comey</span>, <span class="toctext">COVID-19 pandemic</span>, <span class="toctext">Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op</span>, <span class="toctext">Public profile</span>, <span class="toctext">Approval ratings</span>, <span class="toctext">Social media</span>, <span class="toctext">False statements</span>, <span class="toctext">Relationship with the press</span>, <span class="toctext">Racial views</span>, <span class="toctext">Allegations of sexual misconduct</span>, <span class="toctext">Allegations of inciting violence</span>, <span class="toctext">Popular culture</span>, <span class="toctext">Recognition</span>, <span class="toctext">Investigations</span>, <span class="toctext">Hush payments</span>, <span class="toctext">Russian interference</span>, <span class="toctext">Special counsel investigation</span>, <span class="toctext">Associates</span>, <span class="toctext">2019 congressional investigation</span>, <span class="toctext">Impeachment</span>, <span class="toctext">Impeachment by the House of Representatives</span>, <span class="toctext">Impeachment trial in the Senate</span>, <span class="toctext">Notes</span>, <span class="toctext">References</span>, <span class="toctext">Works cited</span>, <span class="toctext">External links</span>]
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<span class="toctext">Personal life</span>
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output.text
'Personal life'
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Personal life Early life Military deferment Family Parents and siblings Wives and children Religion Health and lifestyle Wealth Business career Real estate Manhattan developments Palm Beach estate Atlantic City casinos Golf courses Branding and licensing Legal affairs and bankruptcies Side ventures Trump University Foundation Conflicts of interest Media career Books WWE The Apprentice Acting Talk shows Political career Political activities up to 2015 2000 presidential campaign 2012 presidential speculation 2013–2015 2016 presidential campaign Republican primaries General election campaign Political positions Campaign rhetoric Support from the far right Financial disclosures Election to the presidency Protests 2020 presidential campaign Presidency Early actions Domestic policy Economy and trade Energy and climate Government size and deregulation Health care Social issues Pardons and commutations Immigration Travel ban Family separation at border Migrant detentions 2018–2019 federal government shutdown National emergency regarding the southern border Trump wall Foreign policy ISIS, Syria, and Afghanistan Iran Israel China North Korea Russia Cuba Venezuela NATO Personnel Dismissal of James Comey COVID-19 pandemic Lafayette Square protester removal and photo op Public profile Approval ratings Social media False statements Relationship with the press Racial views Allegations of sexual misconduct Allegations of inciting violence Popular culture Recognition Investigations Hush payments Russian interference Special counsel investigation Associates 2019 congressional investigation Impeachment Impeachment by the House of Representatives Impeachment trial in the Senate Notes References Works cited External links
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[<span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span>]
soup.select('#Political_positions')
[<span class="mw-headline" id="Political_positions">Political positions</span>]
soup.find(id = 'Political_positions').text.strip()
'Political positions'
Grab Images
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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/192px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donald_Trump_Signature.svg/256px-Donald_Trump_Signature.svg.png 2x" width="128"/>, <img alt="Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg" class="thumbborder" data-file-height="2096" data-file-width="1520" decoding="async" height="103" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" width="75"/>, <img alt="" data-file-height="2425" data-file-width="2424" decoding="async" height="70" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" width="70"/>, <img alt="A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1024" data-file-width="780" decoding="async" height="197" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/330px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg/440px-Ivana_Trump_shakes_hands_with_Fahd_of_Saudi_Arabia.jpg 2x" width="220"/>, <img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3264" data-file-width="2448" decoding="async" height="227" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/170px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/255px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg/340px-Trump_Tower_-_lower_part.jpg 2x" width="170"/>, <img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="335" data-file-width="508" decoding="async" height="145" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/220px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/330px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg/440px-Mar-a-lago_in_2009.jpg 2x" width="220"/>, <img alt="The entrance of the Trump Taj Mahal, a casino in Atlantic City. It has motifs evocative of the Taj Mahal in India." class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1944" data-file-width="2592" decoding="async" height="165" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/220px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/330px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg/440px-Trump_Taj_Mahal%2C_2007.jpg 2x" width="220"/>, <img alt="A golf course. 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The podium sports a blue "TRUMP" sign.' class="thumbimage" data-file-height="5792" data-file-width="8688" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_Laconia_Rally%2C_Laconia%2C_NH_4_by_Michael_Vadon_July_16_2015_19.jpg 2x" width="220"/>, <img alt='Donald Trump and his running mate for vice president, Mike Pence. 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data-file-width="3863" decoding="async" height="147" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/220px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/330px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg/440px-58th_Presidential_Inaugural_Ceremony_170120-D-BP749-1327.jpg 2x" width="220"/>, <img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1315" data-file-width="1780" decoding="async" height="163" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_in_Ypsilanti_%2833998674940%29_%28cropped2%29.jpg" 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soup.select('img')[1]
<img alt="Official White House portrait. Head shot of Trump smiling in front of the U.S. flag, wearing a dark blue suit jacket with American flag lapel pin, white shirt, and light blue necktie." data-file-height="2850" data-file-width="2250" decoding="async" height="279" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Donald_Trump_official_portrait.jpg 2x" width="220"/>
soup.select('.thumbimage')[0]
<img alt="A black-and-white photograph of Donald Trump as a teenager, smiling and wearing a dark pseudo-military uniform with various badges and a light-colored stripe crossing his right shoulder" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1024" data-file-width="780" decoding="async" height="197" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/225px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/300px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg 2x" width="150"/>
image = soup.select('.thumbimage')[0]
image['src']
'//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg'
pic = requests.get('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg/150px-Donald_Trump_NYMA.jpg')
pic.content
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f = open('Trump.jpg','wb')
f.write()